THib Ki TlNH HUDNG GO! VtN D I GHO HOC SINH IHiO U M N TRONG HOAT OflNG T)M KitM VH SiDl CHOA SA! iJlM KHI GlJil TDAN O TtiS NGUYEN PHDONG THAO'''' 1 Mft hong nhiJng phuong phdp dpy hpe (PPDH) ed hlfu qu[.]
THib Ki TlNH HUDNG GO! VtN D I GHO HOC SINH IHiO U M N TRONG HOAT OflNG T)M KitM VH SiDl CHOA SA! iJlM KHI GlJil TDAN O TtiS NGUYEN PHDONG THAO' Mft hong nhiJng phuong phdp dpy hpe Xs • Vifc xde djnh dllu klfn nhu (PPDH) ed hlfu qud dupe nhllu gido vidn (GV) ^\xi-i si> dyng hifn noy td PPDH phdl hifn vfi gidi quvll vfy da Ifim mdt nghlfm x - -1 cuo PT vdn d l D l su dyng phuong phdp ndy, GV pndl Trong v( dy ndy, HS mdc sal ldm v l kiln ihOc tpo ro nhihig Hnh huing gpl vfin d l (THGVD) THGVD Id Hnh huing (TH) tin tgi mfl vdn d l gpi vd edeh hinh bdy; GV edn luu ^ eho HS: i'^^l' ro eho hpe sinh (HS) nliihig khd khfin md hp l^iv edn vd ed thi vupt qua bang ntf t qud hinh Hen eye hpc tfp, suy nghTdl blln ddi ddi tupng hofc dllu ehlnh kiln thue sdn ed Ttieo Nguyin Bd Kim (1), m^t THGVD thda Cdc budc k l THGVD cho HS thdo hifn mdn cdc diiu kl$n sau: tdn hpl vd'n di; ggd nhu hopt dfng Nm kllm vd si>a chuo sal Idm du nb0n thirc vd khol diy nlim Hn vido kbd ndng gidl h>dn bdn thdn cua ngudi bgc Trong qud hlnh dpy Sou nghldn cuu vd vfn dyng vdo thyc H§n, hpc gidl ede bdl tfp todn, hopt dfng phdt hifn chOng tfil d l ro budc thilt k l THGVD eho HS sal Idm hong Idl gidl mft bdi todn cOng tfi mft thdo Tufn hong hopt dfng Hm kllm vd sOa chita TH phdt hifn vdn « , efin Hm nguydn nhfin vfi sua sol Idm gidl todn nhu sou: chOo sol Idm dd Id TH gidi quylt vdn d l Cde TH Sudc 1: Lvo chgn Jbp/ binh sal Idm Khi thlH ndy ihudng hdp dfln HS, glup ede em thu k l THGVD cho HS, GV cdn efin nhdc vd tyo chpn vd Keh eye hon hong hpc tfp k>pl sal tdm nfio HS thudng mfie nhilu n h ^ vfi Di ede hopt dfng thdo luf n nhfim cOo HS dpt sua chOa sol ldm dd nhu i h l ndo d l glup cdc em kit qud coo, GV phdl thilt tfp dupe nhifng khdc sfiu kiln Hiuc dfi hpc THGVD, kich thieh dupe nhu edu hpp hie, hao fiudc 2:0ygn ndi dung di ihdo ludn Sou ddi vd honh tufn cOo HS dfi lyo chpn dupe topi sal Idm, GV edn xde djnh Nghldn ei>u vd tdng hpp mft sd sal tdm nfl dung sd thdo tufn d l khdc phyc sal Idm dfi thudng gOp cOa HS gidl Iodn Sudc 3: Thiit ki phliu thdo ludn pl hinh Budc 4: TichOe eha HS thda ludn Khi td chuc sal Idm Ifi: sal tdm v l kiln Hiuc, sol Idm v l Hnh thdo luf n, GV ydu cdu HS phdi h/ suy nghT vi logic vd edeh hlnh bdy Idl gidi cOo bfil todn vdn d l dft ra, nghldn ci>u cdc cfiu hd Idl, sou dd Vi dv: Khi gidl phuong trinh (PT): td chuc thdo luf n nhdm vd dpi difn mil nhdm sd hlnh bdy v l kit qud da thdo tufn GV sd nhfn •Jl^-^f^=x+l HS thudng xdt d l l u xdt sou phdn thdo tufn cOa mdl nhdm kidn d l PT cd nghla Ifi: \ , ^ „ « r , ** [*+l£0 [x+\ *TnMifB|ibfcJlieiH| Tgp chi filao due s6 292 I (ki a • t/x Budc 5: GVld'ng kii ik/Sn ihiic vira hc th6o lu nhOng sal ldm dd M $ t sd vl dg minh htfo VIdi/ 1: TH sol ldm cdc ph6p blln dd'l tucmg duong cOa phuong trinh (PT) fiudc 1: Chqn sal Idm (sal ldm wi logic ddn d i n sol kiln thuc) Budc 2: Chqn ndl dung d l thdo lu^n (PT chua cdn thi>c] Sudc 3: Thilt k l phllu thdo hi^n chua dyng THthdolu^n • Thlill^THlhdoluin: Bqn An dd gidl PT; V x - = i - nhu sou: Dllu kl|n d l bllu thiic cd nghto Id: VI dv 2: TH sal Idm xdc d|nh glao dllm cua hal dudng thdng khdng gion Budc U Chqn sal Idm v l kiln thuc (kiln ihiic v l hal dudrm thdng cdt nhou khdng glan) fiudc 2: d i q n n^l dung d l thdo ludn: «T1m gioo dllm cOo hal dudng thdng hlnh tt> di^n" Budc 3: Thilt k l phllu ihdo lu^n; Bdf Iodn: Cho hlnh binh hdnh ABCD vdl S Id dllm ndm ngodi mc quan trqng cho HS; bqn Binh Idm nhv sou: dllu kl$n d l hdm sd cd nghto Id 4-)r'20o-2s»s2 y = f(x) = x + l4-jc^ixi~2 ^/7.«< Khi dd: »min/(j:) = -2 }' = /(T) = ;t + r/4^S2+>/4=4 = ô/(ằ)=ãã {Xem flip Irang 4dl Tap clii Biao due so (ki a */»na\ d ^ ddl dogn thdng AB nhd nhit kbi A Id giao dlim cOa d vd b, B Id glao diim eOa d vd a; + HS phdt bllu djnh nghTo v l khodng cdch giOa hai dudng thfing ehdo nhou 3) Klim ha, ddnh gid: GV cd t h i dfinh g i d hifu qud td chuc dpy hpc (sy chudn bj cOo HS hude bdl hpc, tfnh Keh eye eOo HS hong hpe tfp, hifu qud hopt dfng nhdm vfi hopt dfng cOa cd nhfin, ) ihfing quo vifc eho HS thorn gla vdo hd ehol sou: « M f / HS dift hude ki cua mlnb d cdc vf hf khdc so vdi mSp bdn, m f / HS khde xde djnh dogn vudng gdc chung vd khodng cdch giifa bai dudng hdng dd' Trong hal vl dy d hdn, HS dupe chii dfng thorn gio vdo ede hopt dfng hpe l f p , ede em dfi khdm phd, kiln tpo dupe kiln thue mdl; cde flnh hudng dpy hpc diu gfin vdl thye Hin cufc sdng ndn bdl hpe diln rfi't sinh dfng, Ifii cudn, HS Keh eye hpe l f p vfi hi>ng thu vdi nhihig kit qud hpc l f p dfi dpt dupe • Thiet ke tinh huong ggi van de (Tiip heo trang 41) Bpn Binh Idm nhu v f v Ifi dung hay sol, nlu soi em hfiy sua kpl glup opn" Vdl cfiu hdl d f l ro, HS sd Hm dupe gid hj nhd nhdt euo hdm sd ifi - x » - 2, nhung khfing Hm dupe x d l hfim sd dpi gid hj Idn nhdt bfing Vi > ' « = ' ' * ' { l ^ ^ « { ' ! o C ^ ^ S »^" ^ ' ^ ihdo mfin hf PT) GV cd i h l ydu edu HS Hm Ipi gifi trj k ^ nhdl vd gpl •jr cho HS si> dyng bfi't ddng thue Bunhiocopxkl: x + V - j ^ s^(i + i)(:c*+4-j^) = 2V2 Ddu«-'xdyra » i - V ^ » : * = V V f y , f(x) = -2 x = -2 vd max / ( x ) 2V2 i = V Budc 5: Sou kit thOc thdo tufn, GV cdn luu y eho HS: tim gid hj k ^ nhdt vd gid hj nhd nhdt cOa mft bllu thuc, cdn tim gid hj cOo x d l b>dl dfing thuc dd xdy ddu dfing thik Vdi cdch thilt k l TH nhu hdn, HS dupe tham (1) J G Brooks & M G Broolcs In Search of Understanding the Case for Constructivist Classroom Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Publishers, 1999 (2) Ph^m Dite Quang ' T l chuc cho hpc sinh tmng hQC phi thOng Idln 190 ki^n thuc hpc t^p mOn Tofin" Tpp chi Gido dftc A Xd h^i, (70), Tr 17-18, 2001 TAI ll^u tham khdo Dofin Qu5'nh Hlnh hpc U (nang cao) NXB Gido di/icViftNam,H.10\0 http://www.thirteen.org/edoniine/concept2cia!i'j/ constructivism/index html SUMMARY Apply constructivist view of the teaching ond teaming of mathematics, teacher Is a mentor, a guide arrangements, teacher reminders to help student develop, understand and evaluate studwit learning Teacher often raise the Issues, the sltuatk>ns asks open-ended questtons andenccn^age acttv^ andgukJe tor students so that ttiey acttv^, explore tssuesand develop shate&es, slave problem gla vfio cdc hopt dfng thdo lufin nhdm d l phdt nlfn sol Idm, tim nguvdn nhfin vd siki chOa sal Idm dd hong qud trlnn gidl todn Trdn eo sd dd, HS sd rdn luyfn dupe hr phd phdn, hi logic, hr sdng tpo vd nfing cao kr nfing ldm vifc hpp h^c, phdt h l l n cdc kl nfing glao H ^ , h/ Hn vdo Ddn thdn minh D (1) Nguyfin Bfi Kim Phuimg phdp df y bpc m t a Tofin NXB Dgi h