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THIET 4 T l i H M DM HOC Wk TlNG m HOAT DiG HOC TiP CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC MON TOAN O TS H O A N G Le IVIINH'''' 1 Quan n i fm v l tinh hufi''''ng dqy hpc (THDH) nhdm tfing cudng hopt d fng hpc tdp cOa[.]
THIET T l i H M DM HOC Wk TlNG m HOAT DiG HOC TiP CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC MON TOAN O Q u a n n i f m v l tinh hufi'ng d q y hpc (THDH) nhdm tfing cudng hopt d f n g hpc tdp cOa hpe sinh (HS) Trong lit d i l n Hdn -Vift, «tfing cudng" ed nghTo Id Idm mpnh thdm, cung ed thdm THDH nhdm tfing cudng hopt dfng (HD) hpe t f p eOa hpc sinh (HS) Id THDH phdt huy vol hfi chO dfng cuo HS hong hpe tfp, HS dupe suy nghT nhllu hon, dupe HD nhllu non, dupe honh luf n nhllu hon vd dupe hinh bdy quon dllm nhllu hon Quo HD vd bdng HD, HS sd ndm chdc hon v l mft kiln thuc, ihdnh thpo hon v l mf t kr nfing, nhanh nhpy hem v l mft tu Nhung nlu gifio vidn (GV) duo ro nhung ydu edu HD qufi sue vdi HS ihl ede em sd mdt nilm tin vd khfing gfiy dupe hi>ng thu d l hpc tfip V] vfy, de tfing cudng HD vd phdt huy vol hd cho dfng hpc tfp cuo HS, tde gid thilt k l THDH dya hdn cdc dfic dllm eua Hnh hudng gpl vdn de, dd Id nhDng tinh hudng gpl nhu edu nhfn ihuc vd h?o nllm Hn d l HS hpc tfp Cde budc thilt k l THDH nhfim tfing cudng HD hpc tfip cua HS Dyo hen eo sd li luf n vd thyc tlln cCing vdi quon nifm v l THDH theo hudng tfing cudng HD hpc tfip cuo HS, ehung tfil duo ro quy trinh thilt k l THDH gdm budc nhu sou: BudK 1: Xdc djnh mge tiSu Ngofii mye hdu v l kiln thuc, cdn xdc djnh mye hdu v l cdc dpng HD cdn tfing cudng Cd t h i chpn mft hong cdc HD hong day hpc mfin Todn Id: nhfn dpng vd t h i hifn, HD h>dn hpc phue hpp, HD hi h>f chung, HD hi h>f phd blln, HD ngfin ngO Cd t h i phdl hpp efic dpng HD nfiy vdi Budc 2: Chgn n f / dung: ndn chpn nhOng nfi dung cd t h i khoi thdc dupe nhilu HD dong d l HS dupe HD nhllu hon Chdng hpn: d l tiip cfn djnh nghTo phdp quay, cd t h i thilt ke THDH hdn rd't nhilu hinh nhu hinh lam gidc, hlnh chCt nhft, hlnh vufing, Nhung nlu to chpn hinh tyc gidc d i u thi CO t h i khol thde dupe nhllu HD cOa r^dp TS H O A N G Le IVIINH' quay Cdc HD nfiy phy thufc vdo gdc quay, tfim quay, ehllu quay mfi ede y l u td nfiy dfi cd sdn trdn liinh tyc gide d i u Trdn hlnh lye gide nfiv ta ed i h l d f t ro nhllu cfiu hdl bdng ngfin ngO phdp quay: Phdp quoy tfim O vdl gdc quay dO", 120°, 180°, 240°, 300°, -60°, -120°, - ° , - 240°, - 30Cfi, hay ihay ddi tfim quay to cd ede phdp uay tfim A, B, C ,D, E, hofc F, To cung ed thi ipn nfi dung euo THDH n>d vdn d l d f t ro ed thi gidl quylt theo nhilu edeh theo nhllu hudng HD h; khde nhou Vifc lyo chpn n f i dung nhu vfy HS sd dupe HD nhllu mfi hit kifm thdi glan hong vifc tim hllu d l bdl Vi dv: Di cOng ed phep vj h/ thfing quo r ^ luyfn HD xdc d\nh finh cua phdp blln hlnh dd, ta cd thi dua thdm hd hye lpa df HS cd ihl t l ^ hdnh xdc djnh dnh bdng edeh vd hlnh hofic cdch xdc djnh tpa d f h>ng d i ^ dnh hdn hf tpo d f d6 Sudc 3: Thiit ki HD hgc lip cho HS: Trong phllu hpc t f p Id nhung cfiu hdl, bdl tfp hoy hd ehol todn hpc Cfiu hdl vd bdl t f p dupe thilt k l dudi dpng hdc nghlfm hofc h/ tufn Vi dv Nhdm cho HS HD thyc hdnh cde phep blln hlnh, G V ed t h i thilt k l hfi choi «dodn h> nhanh" GV duo eho HS nhOng «h/ ihfing dyng" dfi b| thay ddi su dyng cdc phdp b i ^ tilnh Chdng hpn cho E ngupc, HS cdn thoy d l l vj hi cho dd d l dupe chO E dung D l dot dupe dllu dd, HS da ihyc hdnh HD dfil xiing liinh E ngupc quo mft hyc (cd t h i chpn nhidu hvc khdc nhau) HS sd Hm ro ddp dn v f n dyng phdp dd'l xung trvc d l tpt ngupc Ipi Bu&c 4: Dv kiS'n HD cOa HS: G V cdn dy dodn cde dpng HD md HS sd thyc hidn hong THDH dfi thilt k l Chudn bj each hudng ddn HS HD soo eho ed hlfu qud Chdng hpn: nlu cd HD ngdn ngO thi cdn tpo dllu klfn cho HS phdt bilu )f kiln hong nhdm hpc t f p thoy vl HD hpc tfip mft minh *TnNi|l9ib9cstfpMaUN4i Tap chi filao due so (ki a • i/aonj N l u cdn tfing cudng HD hi hjf fhl ndn eho HS tu d f e If p hude thdo lufin Budc 5: Ti chvc HD phv ihuic vdo Hnh chit cOa HD dvgc thiit ki Cd the cho HS thi gidl todn, hpc tfp theo nhdm, hpc tfp cd nhfin, Ndn td chuc HD nhdm HS cdn HD d l hofin thfinh cong vlfe tdn nhllu thfil glan vfi nhi/ng tinh huing c6 nhllu y kiln hanh luf n l^tdc nhou Vdl nhung tinh hufi'ng phfin tich Hm hudng gidl bdl Iodn, to ed ihe id ehue gioo luu giuo GV vd HS thfing quo HD ngfin ngO vfi'n dfip phdt hifn vdn d l Bvdc 6: Kit ludn kiin ibvc dgt dvgc Sou m i l HD hpe i f p cuo HS, GV vd HS cdn tdng kit vfi'n d l dfi hpc dupe thfing quo HD hpc tfp dd HS dupe tfing cudng HD hi hjf ehung, d i n g thdi chllm trnh dupe kiln thuc fiudc : Ggl ddng ca cho HD tiip theo Gpi dfng CO kit thuc cdn nhfin mpnh hlfu qud cuo nfl dung hofic HD dfi vdl vlfe gifil quylt vfi'n d l dfit N d cd tfic dyng nfing coo Hnh h/ gidc hong HD hpc tfp Dfil vifc gpi dfng eo kit thue ndy edn Id sy chudn bi gpi o f ng eo md ddu eho nhihig HD H ^ theo d l lal Hip h/e d ^ mfit mye dfch hpe tfp wide Ngodi nhi/ng khd nfing gpl dfng eo xudt phdt h/ nfl dung DH, cdn cfi nhung khd nfing gpi dfng co khfing gdn vdl npl dung tren nhu: khen, chd, cho diem, hudng nghidp, Tliyc t l , mufi'n phdt huy tdc dyng kfch thich, thuc ddy HD hpe tap, edn phdl phdl hpp nhihig cdch gpl dfng eo khde nhou Tuy nhidn cdn cho •^ din nhung y l u id nhu: ldm quon trpng cOa n f l dung HD, khd nfing gpl dfng c a d nhihig nfl dung dd hofic HD dd, klen thue ed sfin vfi thdi gion cdn ihlift vr dy: Day hpe gidi BT v l «Tim gid hi Idn nb^, nhd nhit cua mdt bliu thuc' Gidl bfil todn sou: «Cho > = x - V ^ « Hm gid hj nhd nhfi't cOoy" GV cd Hil td chuc hpc hpp h3c kll hpp vdi hpc cd nhfin nhu sou: HDJ; GV phdt phllu hpc t f p cho h>ng HS vfi ydu edu m i l cd nhdn phdn Heh BTvfi HmTdi gidi Phliu hge tdp: Gidl cdc BT sau: 1) Chung minh Bfi'tddng thuc sou: x-^fx^^- 2)Tim mdl x-Vr^>m+l vdl mpl x s l 3) Tim m d l PT sou ed nghlfm: x-^ir^+m=4 4) Tim m de Bat PT sou vfi nghidm: x Jx^^m +l Tap chifilaodue s6 (id a e/aoip 5) Tim m d l Bfi't FT sou ed nghlfm: x e [i;3): x-^x-\^m HD2: Cdc nhdm ghdp (vd/hof c) d i n g nhd'l ede ^ kiln d l Hm ro Idl gidl vd ede cdch gidl khdc cua BT Cd i h l ed ede edeh gidi sou iheo cdch phfin Heh vd nhfn dpng BT Cdch 1: Col y Ifi bllu thOc bilu thj mft hdm sfi', tfp xde djnh td Z? = [1;-MO); r = ^ ^ ^ ' , Ifp bdng biln thidn, ta c6 y - / , x = / Cdch 2: Dfit ^ ^ = / , d l l u klfn t^O; y = r' - / +1 Hudng ?; Biln ddl ^=[f~J+^^J Hudng 2: Lfp bdng biln thidn cOo hdm sd y = r^-r + i trdn [0:+oo), y = 2t-i Hvdng 3: Dyo vdo D l ihj td mfl phdn cua Porobol HD3: Cd nhfin hinh bfiy Idl gifil vdo philu hpc l f p HD4: Nghidn cOu sfiu Idl gidi (phdn ndy Hin hdnh thdo tufn theo nhdm) Cfiu hdl //)do lu$n: 1) Kll qud eOo BT hdn cd i h l ung dyng gidi efic BT nfio?; 2) Cfi i h l gidl cde bdi luong h/ nhu t h i nfio?; 3) Hay sdng tfic vfi gidi cde bfil todn luong h/ hofic ede bdl h}dn khde cd vfn dyng kiln thuc vd phuong phdp gidl eOa bdl todn hdn • TAi li$u tham khdo Gronlund N.E Phuong plidp so^n ttido vd sdrdyi^ c^c mifc (Uch ddo tao New York: Macmillan; 1993, Dv 4n Vifit-Bi, 2000 Nguyfin BA Kim HQC tfp bo^t dfng vd b^ng h09t dfng NXB Gido due H 1998 Villa A, Thousand J & Nevin A Creativity and Collaborative Learning Baltimore, Paul H Brookes Publishing co; 1994 SUMMARY Ttie artk:le mentions cixiut one Importont measure to promote active ofstudents h mathematics learrang It is about how to design a lesson which Includes learning situations Author offers seven steps of designing teacNng sltuatk^ns to entic^ice the learning experience of students In each design step, the auttior analyzes the basic of theoretical and provides examples This article contntxitespractk:al orientation for teachers, helps them design practical lectures wWi high efficiency