JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2015 0032 Educational Sci , 2015, Vol 60, No 2, pp 67 75 This paper is available onUne at http //stdb,hnue edu vn BIEN PHAP GIUP DO GIAO VltN M 6 I RA[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2015, Vol 60, No 2, pp 67-75 This paper is available onUne at http://stdb,hnue.edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2015-0032 BIEN PHAP GIUP DO GIAO VltN M I RA X R U N G DANH GIA QUA XIUNH HOC XAP CUA HOC SINH XRONG DAY HOC MON XOAN TRUdNG P H X H O N G Chu Cam Thd Khoa Todn - Tin, Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm Hd Ngi Tom tat Danh gia la mot ttong s6 nhflng khSu ttpng yiu Kit qua cua danh gia tac c6 the dpng trd lai ndi dung, each thflc td chflc viec day va hpc h Trong day hpc mdn Toan, ngoai vi€c nam vflng ehuyen mdn sU pham Toan, ngUdi giao vien can cd nang lUc chan doan, danh gia hpc sinh mdt each toan dien Nhflng giao vi£n mdi trUdng gap nhieu khd khan ttong cdng tac Hp vfla thieu kinh nghifim thtfc ti, vfla chiu ap luc phai c6 trach nhiem tien phong ap dung cac cai each Bai viit ban vi cac bien phap ma nhdm nghi€n cflu da giup dd giao vien mdi rattUdngttongdanh gia qua trinh hpc tap ciia hoc sinh Til nghien cflu c6 nhflng khuyen nghi giup viec boi dUdng, thtfc hanh sii diing cac ki thuSt danh gia qua trinh hpc tap dat hieu qua in khda: Ddnh gid qud trinh hgc tap, ddnh gid ldp hgc, gido vien tri phuong phdp dgy hoc mon Todn Md dau Danh gia la mdt ttong sd nhflng khau ttong yeu, nd cd tac dung nhu banh lai ngUdc khdng nhiJng dd ddi chiiu vdi muc tieu giao due va kit qua hpc tap cua ca nhan, ma nd cdn tac ddng ttd lai ndi dung, each thflc td chflc viec day, viec hoe De xac dinh tdt nhit mue tieu giao due vi md va phUdng phap day hoc phii hdp vdi hpc sinh, ngUdi giao viSn cin danh gia ban dau hay cdn goi la chan doan ve nang lUc hpc sinh, kinh nghiem thai dd nhflng yen td tac ddng vao qua ttinh giao due hoc sinh Vi thi, ttong day hpe mdn Toan, ngoai viec nam vflng ehuyen mdn sU pham Toan, ngudi giao vien cdn can cd nang lUc chan doan danh gia hoc sinh mdt each loan dien Nhflng giao vien tte gap niiieu khd khan ttong cdng tac Hp vCta thieu kinh nghiem thflc ti, vfla chiu ap lUc phai cd trach nhiem tien phong ttong ap dung cac cai each vi ehinh ho la nhflng ngudi dupe cap nhat nhflng kien tiiflc nghien cflu mdi va dac diim tudi tte ho c6 diiu kien de thuc hien nhiing bien phap ddi mdi Trong dd qua ttinh dao tao d eac ttudng sU pham sinh vien dfldc ren luyen, hinh ki nang quan sat, danh gia qua ttinh Hdn nfla, nhflng yiu td ve the chfi, qua ttinh sinb boat ehuyen mdn, dfldc bdi dudng va tU bdi dUdng tiong nha trudng phd thdng eiing dang thiiu hut nhflng bien phap giup ho danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap cua hpc sinh [3] Bai viet ban vi cac bien phap ma nhdm ngbidn cfltt da giup dd giao vien mdi ttUdng ttong danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap cua hoc sinh Cu the la nghien cflu trfldng hdp giao vien cdng tac tai Ha Ndi, tdt nghiep khoa Toan Tin, tiidng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Ndi cae nam 2011, 2012, 2013 Ngay nhan bai: 10/10/2014 Ngay nhan dang: 15/01/2015 Li€n he: Chu Cim Thd, e-mail: camtho@hnue.edu,vn Chu Cam Thd Noi dung nghien cu'u 2.1 Nhiing kT thuSt danh gia qua trinh hoc tap cua hoc sinh Danh gia qua tiinh hpc tap dUdc dien irong sudt qua tiinh day hoc nham hd tid cho day hpc cd hieu qua diiu se dam bao cho viec danh gia toan diSn hdn, diy du hdn, giup hpc sinh cd nhiiu cd hdi hdn de the hien minh va giam bdt sflc ep tU viec kiim tta danh gia, tao cho hpc sinh nhu cau tu danh gia Mat khac, giup cho giao vien dieu chinh kip thdi phUdng phap giang giang day cho phii hdp, giup hpc sinh dieu ehinh each hpc, thuc day hoc sinh c6 gang, tich cUc hpc tap, ddi hdi danh gia hudng vao muc dich la giflp cho hpe sinh tiin bd hdn (Western and Northern Canadian Protocol, p 42-43 bttp://www.edu.gov,mb.ea) Danh gia qua timh hpe tap nhan manh vao viec hpc sinh van dung kiin thflc da hpc vao tiiUc tiin nhu thi nao xem ngUdi hpe lam dupe gi, chung dUdc ti'ch hdp ttong cac boat ddng day hpc Hudng tipng tam vao danh gia qua ttinh hoc tap nhung Id nang tdng hdp chfl khdng chi la nhflng ki nang rieng le cac sU kien Nhin manh din kl nang tu duy, thai dp hpc tap, danh gia qua tiinh hpc tap tao dieu kien de hpc sinh hdp tac tiong hoe tap, phat ttien cac ki nang giao tiep, kich thich dUde tinh tich cUc va ddng cd hoc tSp [1.12] Danh gia can dUa tien thdng tin da dang tU nhiiu phia, giao vien danh gia hpc sinh, hoc sinh tu danh gia, hpc sinh danh gia lan nhau, danh gia ca nhan, danh gia theo nhdm,v.v tCiy theo dieu kien va dac diem cu the ciia day hoe Cac phUdng phap va ki thuat danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap da dang nhu vin dap, cau hdi ddng clu hdi md, thuc hanh, hoan nhiem vu, san phain theo nhdm va ca nhSn, giai quyet tinh hudng thuc tiln, sii dung eac cdng cu quan sat chinh thflc, khdng chinh thflc de danh gia Id nang, thai dp (Dr, Lorna Earl and Dr Steven Katz (2006), Rethinking classroom assessment with purpose in mind Western and Northern Canadian,Protoeol for CoUaboration in Education), l i t ca cac loai hinh danh gia neu tten deu sfl dung mot sd phUdng phap kha quen thudc sau day: Van ddp: hdi va tta Idl, thdng qua ddi thoai ma danh gia ttinh dd - Quan sdt: thdng qua cac hanh vi, cfl chi, thai dp va cac bieu hien cu the ciia HS ttong qua ttinh hoc tap ma nhan xet, thudng la danh gia dinh tinh Kiim tra (thi) viit: Day la phUdng phap danh gia bien nhit, bao gdm hai dang thflc: Trac nghiem khach quan va Tu luan - Ddnh gid sdn phd'm cua hgc sinh: thdng qua bd sd (pdrtfoUos) tieh liiy eua HS nhU: kit qua sUu tam, bai lam d nha bai bao, bai tap nghien cflu, - Tu ddnh gid: Hpe sinh tu nhan xel va xac dinh ttinh dp, ciia chinh minh - Ldy y kiin ehuyen gia: Thdng qua ngUdi cd trinh dp cao, am hieu ve Unh vUc ehuyen mdn ma xac nhSn ttinh dp cua ngudi hpc Vdi cae chUdng ttinh giao due theo dinh hudng hinh va phat ttien nang lUc ngUdi hpc de danh gia chinh xac cdn CO nhflng phUdng phap bd sung, dd la phUdng phap thdng qua thuc hanh thuc hien, ttinh diin (Performance Assessment) nhu ySu ciu sfl dun^ cdng nghe, chdi cac loai nhac eu, sfla chfla may mdc, sfl dung ngoai ngfl, thuyet ttinh vi mdt cuon sach [2] Trong viSc danh gia de cd nhflng xac nhan, phan quyit chinh xac, ngudi ta thudng kit hdp nhieu phUdng phap va nhieu hinh thflc khac Bien phdp giup dd gido vien mdi trUdng ddnh gid qud trinh hgc lap cua hoc sinh Phirong phap/cong cu Ihu thap thdng tin Hoi Quan sdt Bdi tap vi nhd Hoi thoai va phong vdn Trinh dien trinh bay Trac nghiim nhanh, bai hem tra, thi viet Cdc nhiim vu ddnh gid giau thong tin Ddnh gid dita tren may tinh Bdt chudc/mo dong lach phong, Nhdtkihpc tap Du dn vd Dieu tra/nghien ciht | Mo ta Trong 16p, hoi nhiing cau hoi c6 tam de lam cho ngtibi hoc hiSu bai ThUc liien nhOng quan sac mfit each he th6ng tren ngUfti hoc ho tU va dua cac y kien Giao bai/nhiem vu de ngudi hoc on luyen hieu bai Thuc hifn cac cuoc thao luan mang linh "dieu tra" vdi ngitdi hoc v^ nhan ihilc ciia ho va nhihig vdn dl ho cam thay vif6ng mnc Tao nSn cO hfli cho ngiibi hoc the hien ket qua hoc lap, thong qua nhiing buoi trinh bay, irinh diln, trien lam iritc tiep hoac sil dung phuong ti^o iruyln ihdng Tao nen nhiing cd hoi cho agifdi hoc the hien k^t qua hpc tap thong qua hlnfa thiic viet Giao cac nhiem vu phiic hgp, cd kha nang khuyen khich ngudi hoc the liien nhan ihifc cua ho ve sU ket n6i giiia cac khai niem ma ho dang/da dUdc hoc Ung dung nhOng phan mem mang tinh he thong va thich ling, gan lien v6i kSt qua dau cua childng trinh dao tao Giao cac nhiem vu mo phong hoac dong vai nham khuyin khich ngudi hoc the hien difdc nhan thUc ciia ho ve sU ket noi giiia cac khai niem ma ho dang/da hoc Nhihig ghi chep, mo ta cua ngUdi hgc ve qua trinh ngUdi hoc to chdc hoat dong hoc tap Tao ngn nhCtng co hoi cho ngUCfi hoc the hien nhdn thiic ve nhiing sir kSt n6i qua uinh hoc tap, thong qua dilu tra, nghien ciiu va vilt bao cao hoac san pham tao tie Dien gSi thong tin " Su lien tuc phdt trim Bang kiem Bang mo td tieu chi ddnh gid Bdi phan dnh Tuddnh gid Ddnh gid iSi Ho sd mo ta hoc tap cua sinh vien de xac dinh miic dd ciia viec hoc, cac bUdc tiep theo va bao cao tien va U'ch dat dUdc Md ta cac tieu chi de xem xet tueu biei viSc hoc ciia ngi/di hoc Ban md ta cdc tieu chi, vdi tCfng cap nang liic duoc mo ta va xac dinh Nhiing bai viei phan anh va phong doan dUOc ngudi hoc tri vS hoai ddng hpc tap dang dien va nhiing viec ho can lam uep theo La qua trinh dd ngudi hoc tU phan anh ve hoat ddng hpc lap cua nunh, su; dung nhiing tieu chi da cd de xac dinh tinh trang hoat ddng hoc tap ciia minh La qua trinh ngudi hoc tU phan anh ve hoat ddng hoc tdp ciia minh va ciia cac ban eiing hoc, sii dung cac lieu chi da cd dl xac dinh dnh trang host dong hoc tap cua niiau Glu lai - Lim Kiu Ghi chep Ho sd ngitdi hgc Video, bang tieng, hinh dnh Ho so hoc tap Nhiing gtu chep irong tam, mang tinh chat mo ta quan sac boat ddng hoc tap ciia ngUdi hoc ca mdt qua trinh Thdng tin vl ch3t lUdng san phSin hoc tap ciia ngUdi hoc, c6 hen quan den ket qua dau ciia chUdng irinh dao tao hoac kl boacb hoc tap ca nhan cua ngudi hpc NhilQg binh anh, am ghi lai nhiing san pham ve hoat dong hoc tSp cua ngudi hoc Mdt tap hdp he thong cac san pham ciia ngudi hoc, the hien mdi su hoan su phat tren va phan anh ca qua trinh hoc tap ciia ngUdi hpc Giao ti^ Trao doi ttiong tin Tnnh diin, trinh bay Hoi ihdo phu huynh - ngudi hoc - gido vien Ghi chep ve lich The bdo cdo (Report cards) Ban tin hpc tap vd ddnh gid Trinh bay cua ngudi hoc dfi the hien hoat dong hoc tap ciia ho vdi cha me, cac ban danh gia hoac nhiing dSi tUdng khac Tao nen nbvmg cd boi cho giao vi^n, cha me, va ngudi bpc thao luan va danh gia qua trinh bpc tap cua agudi hpc va kl hoach cho cac giai doan uep theo Ghi chep chi uSt vS nhiing nhiSm vu hoan ciia ngudi hoc, cd hen quan dSn kit qua diu ciia chUdng tnnh dao Cao La cac bao cao hoc lap dinh ki: vdi diem sd (hoac mdt lunh tUdng die hien ket qua hoc tap) va thong tin van lat vl hoat ddng hoc tap ciia ngudi hoc, giii cho cha me Thdng tin vdn tat hang giii cho cha me, de cap ket qua dau ra, hoat ddng ciia ngudi bpc va cac vi du ve hoat ddng hoc tap Chu Cam Thd 2.2 Bien phap giiip giao vien danh gia qua trinh hoc tap cua hoc smh TVong mtic nay, chiing tdi tong hdp cac bien phap, ki thuSt danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap cua hpc sinh, ttong dd bien phap 2.2.4 dUdc riit tU kinh nghiem ciia chinh chung tdi 2.2.1 Lap ke hoach sue dung cac ki thuat danh gia Lap ke hoach cdng tac hay ki hoach s& dung cac ki tbuSil danh gia cung dUde coi la mot biin phap giup giao viin cd the lam cho cdng viec eiia minh hiSu qua hdn Li giao vien dUdc ttang bi rat nhieu kiin thUc ttong qua ttinh dao tao, nhimg thuc te, giao vien ehi ddng mot hoac mdt so ki thuat phii hdp vdi thdi quen, kinh nghiem ban than va ca thUc tien day hpc Cin luu y cac nguyen tSe dUdi dSy su: dung cac ki thuSt danh gia [1] Khdng suf dung bat ki ki thuat nao khdng phai la yiu cau ddi hdi eiia viec danh gia diJa tten kinh nghiem va ttUc giac ciia giao viSn Khdng lao sU tU danh gia sU tu ap dal mdt each ddn thuan hay tao ganh nang cho giao vien va hpc sinh Phai chpn cac ki thuat cd Idi cho ca giao vien va hpc sinh Khdng dUdc yeu cau hpc smh sii dung bit ki ki thuat nao ma giao vien ehua thil trude Can phai nhd rang viec thUc thi mdt ki thuat danh gia va phan tieh sU phan hdi se cd the se mat nliiiu thdi gian hdn dU kiin Vice biet rd diiu g? gjao vien dang tim kiim se giiip cho viic xac dinh ki thuat nao dUdc chpn, va giai thich cac kit qua nhu thi nao Bang gdi y sau day gdi y nhiing ndi dung de giiip giao vien cd the lap dUdc ki hdac sti dung cdng cu/ki IhuSt danh gia phu hdp [1,9]: Ban ki hoach sur dung ki thuat danh gia n, Giao vi§n muon biet diiu gi? Ki thuat nao giao vien se sit dung de nhan thdng tin do? Tai sao'' Giao vien se gidi thieu ki thuat cho hoc sinh nhu the nao? Cin bao nhieu thdi gian di thuc hien Id thuat nay? Lam thi nao de giao vien biet ki thuat cong hay khong? Giao vien se tao su thay ddi naottonggiang day sau nhan dUdc kit qua tten? 2.2.2 Svt dung cac ki thuat danh gia Idp hoc qua trinh to chu'c hoat dpng giai quyet v^n de diA hoc sinh day hoc D i nang cao chat lUdng day hpc ciia minh giao vien can phai xac dinh rd rang muc dich va mue tieu day hpe; c ^ phai nhan dUde sii phan hoi rd rang va loan dien ve mdc dd dat dUdc muc tieu va muc dich day hpe [2] Viec nghien cUu de nSng eao chat lupng day va hpc cd hieu qua nhat dupe thiie hien bdi giao vien dUa tten cac cSu hdi chinh giao vien xSy dirng tU cac cSu tta Idi cho cac van de hay npi dung ttong qua ttinh day hpc SU thach thiic de tim tdi, nghien ciiu la nguon goc manh me cua ddng cd, sU phat trien va ddi mdi cho giao vien va sU nghien cUu ldp hpc cd the cung cap nh0ng thach thUc dd Vi thi, de thtJc Men t6t vai ttd t6 chUe, dinh hUdng kiem tta boat dong hoc cua hoe sinh, giao vien can phat ttien cac ki thuat danh gia ldp hpc de cd th^ sii dung cho viec danh gia qua trinh hpc lap ciia hpc sinh Vdi viSc ap dung cac ki thuat nay, giao vien cd the gan nhu tUc thdi xac dinh dUdc hoc sinh da hpc dupe gi va diiu ehinh ttong bai hoc tiep theo [8] Neu nhu eac phUdng phap danh gia ttuyen thing ve viec hpc ciia hpc sinh thudng diln vao cuoi ki hpc (khi da qua mudn de diiu chinh) tlu ngUdc lai, d ^ gia ldp hpc la phUdng phap danh gia viec hpe eua hpc Bien phdp giup dd gido vien mdi IrUdng ddnh gid qud trinh hgc tap cua hgc iinh sinh va nhSng phan ling ciia hp d6i vdi phUdng phap day hpc cua giao vien Mue lieu cua danh gia ldp hpc la cai thien ca ngUdi day va ngUdi hpc Trong qua ttinh to chiJc hoat ddng day hpc, giao vien can su: dung da dang cac ki thuat danh gia ldp hpc Cac ki thuat dUdc gidi thieu sau dSy dUdc Phan Thanh Hdi tong hdp gidi thieu [1] gidi thieu mdt s6 ki thuat danh gia ldp bpc cu th^ ~ a Diem md nhat Ki thuat se giiip giad vien xac dinh dUdc cac diem quan ttpng ciia bai hpc ma bpc sinh da bd Id bang each yeu can hoc sinh ghi diiu ma hpc sinh chUa nhan thiic dupe, khd khan ttdng bai hpc Ap dung ki thuat sau bai giang hoac bai hpc: - Giao phiiu cho hpc sinh va danh cho hpe sinh khoang phiit di tta Idi Tuy mue tieu sU dung, giao vien cd the yeu eau hpc sinh tta Idi nae danh hoac khdng nae danh - Khdng sil dung ki thuat sau tat ea cae bai hpc, neu khdng nd se ttd nen ddn dieu va thdng tin thu dUde se khdng ed ich b Phieu mot phiit Ki thuat rat hiiu ich vi nd khuyen khich cae hpc sinb ft ndi dat cau bdi Phiiu mdt phiit (hoae nhiiu hdn niu can) cd the su( dung sau bai hoc hoac bat diu bai bpc mdi de dn tap bai trUdc Hpc sinh tra Idi cau hdi cho biit muc tieu bai hpc cd dat dUdc hay khdng Hpc sinh tta Idi cSu hdi cho biit phan nao eua bai hpc cd the can phai dn lai c Phiiu Hit ke - Sd dung Id thuat ta muon danh gia su ghi nhd eua hpc sinh Hay liel ke 5-7 tUhoac ngfl de dinh nghia hay md ta — | - Sii dung ki thuat sau bai hpe hoae mudn hdn vdi muc dich dn tap - Can han che sd tieu chi, thdi gian cho phep hoae ea hai - Khi xem lai phieu, hay so sanh cac diem ma hoc sinh het ke vdi cae diem ma giao vien mong ddi Niu cd nhflng sU bd sdt dang ebii y nao dd, giao vien se biit can phai dn lai cai gi cho hpc sinh - Chii y rang Id thuSl chi cho phep giao vien kham pha xem hpc sinh nhd lai dUdc 0.; nd khdng the hien hpc sinh cd hieu hit nhUng dieu dd hay khdng d Phiiu dp dung - Ki thuat giiip giao vien xac dinh xem hpc sinh cd thuc su hieu ndi dung kien thflc vCca hpc bay khdng - Ki thuSt ed the dUdc sfl dung sau bai hpc Giao vien phat phiiu va cho hpc sinh 10 phiit de tta Idi - Thdng tin thu dfldc se cho giao vien biit hoc sinh mdi chi nhd ndi dung kien thflc hay biet chung ed the dUdc sfl dung nhu the nao - Neu cd nhflng van di hay khuynh hUdng ttai ngUdc, giao vien cd the thao luSn ve chung vdi ca ldp e Ma tran ghi nhd - Giao vien cd the sfl dung ma tran vdi bao nhieu hang va cdt liiy y diin ttudc tiiu de eua cac hang va cae cdt de hpc sinh dien npi dung phu hdp vao cac d ttong, Mue dich cua ki thuat la danh gia sU nhd lai thdng tin va kha nang phan loai thdng tin eiia hpc sinh - Ki thuat cd the dUdc sii dung sau bai hpc hoac muon hdn vdi muc dich dn tap Nd cung cd the dUdc sfl dung nhu la mdt cdng cu tiin danh gia - Viit tieu de thich hdp vao eac cdt hoac hang roi de tt6ng cae - Dat gidi ban thdi gian (vi du la 10 phut) va hUdng dSn hpc sinh dien vao d ttong eac tU ma hoc sinh cho la cd the chinh xac Giao vien cd the gidi han ve so lUdng tii (Vi du tfl ttong moi d) Chu dm Thd - Khi xem lai phieu, giao vien can xac dinh xem hpc sinh da lam tot d chd nao? Chd nao lam khdng tdt? / Tdm tdt mot cdu - Tdm tat mdt cau cd the xac dinh xem hpc sinh ed hieu diy du y nghia eua chii de hay khdng Bang each tta Idi eau hdi hpc sinh ed th^ viit mdt cau tdm tat ehu di Cac cau tdm tat se giiip giao viin danh gia sU hieu cua hpc smh va cung se giup hpc sinh phat ttien kha nang tu eiia minh - Lua ehpn mdt chii di quan ttpng ma ban muon hpe sinh tdm tat va cho hpe sinh 10-15 phiit de thuc bien d cuoi bai hpc g Phieu tong ket Ki thuat tdng kit cho biit hpc sinh da hpc dUde gi tit bai hoc Nd cung giup cho viec phat ttien ki nang giao tiep ciia hpc sinh - Ki thuat dUdc sfl dung hieu qua nhat ttong ldp hpc, nhUng cung cd thi dUde sfl dung nhu la mpl bai tap vi nha liiy nhien, lipc sinh ed the khdng sieng nang lam bai tap vi nha niu hpc sinh biit se khdng dUdc chim diem - Giao viSn can phai luyen tap ki thuat vai lan cho hpe sinh trUdc hpc sinh cd ki nang sfl dung nd - Hpc sinh cd the dUde gifl lai ban eua phiiu de nghien ciiu tiep 2.2.3 Vilt nhat ki Idp hoc va tao diln dan chia se kinh nghiem Theo nghien cflu ciia James H Sttonge [17] nhflng pham chit cua ngudi giao vien giang day hieu qua bao gom: Su quan tSm; Biel lang nghe; SiJt thau hieu; Hieu rd hpc sinh; Su cdng bang va tdn trong; Giao tiip thSn mat vdi hoc sinh; Ldng nhiet tinh va ddng lUc hpc tap; Thai dp eua giao vien vdi nghi day hpc; Thuc hanh chiem nghiem De giam bdt nhflng khd khan cung nhu tang ed hdi chiem nghiem vi ban tiian, thi viec viit nhat ki la mdt bien phap tot giiip giao vien tu diiu chinh Bien phap dUde khuyen nghi sfl dung cung vdi tU tudng va cac ki tiiuat dUdc ap dung biin ttong md hinh nghien cflu bai hpc (Lesson study) [3,12-14] Bang Bang gpi y suy ngdm vd thao ludn ve gid hpc viet nhat ki buoi day Noi dung hoat ddng Hoat dpng - 'Rn hoat dong - Noi dung ciia hoat ddng, nhi§m vii, cau hdi, bai tSp Hoat dpng Bieu hien cua hoc sinh - Cam xiic, thai dp, hanh vi, tta Idi c§u hdi - B a i tap, san pham Nguyen nhan, bien phap Vl Nen Co the la Vdi sU phat ttien manh me cua cdng nghe thdng tin, mang xa hdi, giao vien thudng danh nhiiu thdi gian chia se tten mang hdn la doi thoai ttuc tiep Khuyin nghi cua bifin phap la giao vien cd the ISp/ tham gia eac nhdm kin, nhflng hop thu chung de chia se va hoe tap ISn 2.2.4 Diiu chinh hoat dong hoc tap cua hpc sinh thong qua danh gia bai kiem tra Dua tten cac nghiin cflu dUdc ttinh bay ttong [6,8], giao vien elm lap ttung vao nghien cflu cae bai kiem tta ctia hpc sinh tan dung tdi da gid ttd bai Khi cham bai gap Idi sai cua hpc sinh, giao viin can tSp ttung vao eac vSn de sau: (1) Danh dau Idi sai (2) Giai diich (3) Sfla vao bai, (4) Ghi nhat ki l6i sai va c6 gang chi nguyen nhan, (5) Chfla nhflng Idi sai dien hinh tten ldp Giao vien can xem lai (4) de thiit ke nhflng boat ddng du kien sai lam de mac cua hpc sinh Tiif dd giup hpc sinh ttudng hdn Bien phdp giiip gido vien mdi trudng ddnh gid qud trinh hoc tap eua hgc iinh 2.3 Binh luan kit qua nghien cihi Trong bai nam 2012, 2013 va Ihang dau nam 2014, chung tdi da tien hanh thfl nghiem giiip dd giao vien tte vi viec sfl dung cac ki Ihuat de nang cao hieu qua cua danh gia qua irinh hpe tap ciia hpc sinh Cac giao vien tham gia thfl nghiem bao gom Phan Kim Chi, Nguyen Hflu Hai (lot nghiep 2011), Nguyen Quynh Anh, Vu Anh Tuin (Tot nghiep 2012), Hoang Thanh Binh, Dang Thi Minh TSm (Tdt nghiep 2013) giang day tai ttUdng Nguyen Tat Thanh, Alpha school (theo md hinh ldp hpe ttuyen th6ng), ttung tam Topper, ttung lam POMATH (theo md hinh nhdm nhd vdi sU phan hda eao) Sau giao vien cung tu nguyen tham gia nhdm ngiiiin cflu va ho ttd lin ttong qua trinh gjang day Cac budc nghien cflu bao gom: Dao tao bd sung de nhan thflc dung vi vai ttd cua danh gia qua ttinh bpc lap cua hpc sinh, cd the biet them nhflng ki thuat danh gia hieu qua (bien phap lap ke hoach, sfl dung ki thuat [7]) Chiing tdi da chia se va ren luyen cho cae giao vien cac ki thuat, bien phap dUdc neu d muc 2.2 de tang hieu biet cho GV ve danh gia qua ttinh hpe lap GV tu luyen tap va luyen tap theo nhdm bang phudng phap vi md de ren luyen ki nang Thuc hanh, ap dung: chia se ttong nhdm sinh hoat ehuyen mdn vdi sU giup dd cua ehuyen gia (viit nhat ki, chia se, ) Trong ndi dung nay, chung tdi dong hanh vdi GV ttong cac bai giang hoae qua cac video ghi Wnh Chiing tdi ap dung md hinh nghien cflu bai hpc (Lesson study) de gjup GV lam quen va ren luyen md hinh sinh hoat ehuyen mdn Kit qua cho thay, dUdc dao tao cae giad vien deu cd bien ehuyen nhan thflc ve vai ttd eua danh gia hao hflng thuc hanh sfl dung cac ki thuat (thdng qua chia se nhat ki dao tao) Nhflng bien phap giao vien thudng sfl dung dd la: lap ke hoach va viit nhat ki, chia se tten dien dan tten nhdm Giao vien thudng dung ki thuat: Cau hdi mdt phut va phieu hpc tap TUy nhien, klii sang giai doan (2) giao vien gap nhflng khd khan sau: - Ki vpng qua mflc dm dom eac ki thuat ma khdng hinh dung sU cin thiit cua phoi hdp kl thuat hoae chi ap dung tfl tfl (6/6 GV gap khd khan nay) Khi lap ke hoach, giao vien tiiUdng ehua tra Idi dUdc: vi sfl dung ki thuat ma khdng phai la sfl dung ki thuat khac nhflng ban chi cua ki thuat, ham sfl dung nhiiu ki thuat, bi "chay thdi gian" vi hpc sinh ehua cd thdi quen (5/6 GV gap khd khao nay) - Lung lung lUa chpn ki Ihuat Dieu xay ttong thang dkn doi vdi ca giao viin Mot so giao vien nhu l i m [6], vl li chiu ap lUc tfl hidu qua day hpc theo tieu chi ttuyin thong nen giao vien chUa thUe sU thSy can thiel phai thao mdt so ki thuat mdi Khi dd, chung tdi phai giiip Tam sfl dung cac ki thuat de viec danh gia ttuyin thong cd iiieu qua hdn (cham bai va chfla bai) - Chua sfl dung hieu qua kit qua danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap Giao vien Hai, Quynh Anh, Tuan thue hanh sfl dung cac ki thuat kit hdp vdi doi mdi hinh thflc to' chflc, day hpe bang du an, to chflc nhdm hdp tac Ho liing tiing quy ddi vi kit qua ttuyin thong Trong ciiia se, hp ban khoan vi tinh uu viet cua kl thuat neu cac tieu chi danh gia dd khdng dUde quy diem Ben canh dd, vi ham sfl dung nhiiu ki thuat nen chinh hp gap khd khan bi lin Ion, lam loang muc tieu day hpc - Thay khd khan, gan nhU khdng ap dung Dd la ttUdng hdp ciia giao vien Chi Do mue dich day hpc la "luyen thi" nen nhflng ki thuat nham diiu chinh qua ttinh bpc tap khdng thay cd nhieu hieu qua (irich nhSt ki va chia se) Ket luan Tfl eac nghiSn cflu thuc nghiem d6i vdi giao vien, cung vdi tham khao cac tai lieu [8,10] chiing tdi cd the rut cac kit luan sau: Danh gia vdi tu each la mdt khSu mot bd phan khdng the thiiu cua day hpc, dUdc thuc 73 Chu dm Thd hien sau mdt qua ttinh hpc tap nhal dinh, dd la qua ttinh thu Ihaip xfl li thdng ttn vi ttinh dp kha nang ma ngUdi hpe tbtle hien cae mue tieu hpc tap da xac dinh, nham tao cd sd cho nhflng quyit dinh sU pham diing dan eua giao vien, eua cac nha quan li, cua chinh ban than hpc sinh de giup hp hpc tSp tien bd hdn Kit qua eua kiem tta, danh gia gitip cho cac nha quan li cd cd sd di din nhflng quyit dinh de cai tiin va hoan thien ndi dung day hpe, ehi dao doi mdi phUdng phap day hpe, xac dinh hieu qua boat ddng day bpc va giao due eiia giao vien hay mdt chUdng ttinh cu the nad dd De khuyin khich giao vien lam tot danh gia qua ttinh hpc tap cua hoc sinh tiii ddi bdi cd sU th6ng nhal ve the chi cua nha ttUdng Vdi stf ddi cua cac cdng van hudng din sU tu chu ciia chUdng ttinh nha ttUdng ve doi mdi kiem tta danh gia eua Bd giao due va dao tao thi can them mpl budc nfla de giiip cac nha quan li nha giao biit each sfl diing ki thuat danh gia qua trinh, dac biet la sU "quy doi" kit qua danh gia tUdng flng vdi nhflng danh gia truyen thong Khi sfl dung mdt phUdng phap danh gia nao dd deu cd anh hUdng din each day cda giao vien each hpc cua hpc sinh Do dd viec yeu cau giao vien sfl dung cac ki thuat danh gia cu the la rapt vice can thiit Tliy nhien l§n suSt sfl dung la mdt vin de dUdc quan tam Su phong phii eiia ki thuat dupe sfl dung mdt mat lam giao vien phai linh hoat, ehuyen mdn vflng vang, mdt mat lai lam hpc sinh khdng the chu quan theo kieu "hoc gi thi nay", "biet dUdc danh gia gi de hpc doi phd" Tao mdi ttUdng va khuyen khich giao vien TrUdc hit giao vien can nhan thflc diing dan vdi tinh than khoa hpc vi vai ttd y ngbia eua kiem tta, danh gia; dong thdi coi kiem tta danh gia la ddng lUe thay doi cai tien tflng budc chat lUdng cac hdal ddng giang day giao due ciia minh Giup hp dUdc tu chu tham gia eac ldp boi dUdng kien thflc ki nang ve danh gia ndi chung va kiin thiic, ki nang soan cae loai bai kiem tta ndi rieng Mdi giao vien giang day cac bp mdn phai dUdc hpe tap ttang bi du kien thflc va kl nang de tu mdi ngUdi lam chii qua ttinh giang day gan qua trinh giang day vdi viec danh gia kit qua hoe tap cua tflng hpc sinh; mdi giao vien can nang cao kha nang danh gia dung thUc chat nang lUc cua tflng hpc sinh Viec sinh hoat ehuyen mdn, can tao mdi trUdng de giao vien dUdc ciiia se, hpc hdi kinh nghiem va ren luyen cae ki nang: lUa chpn phUdng phap danh gia phu hdp vdi mue tieu day hpc, giao due; phat ttien cac phUdng phap danh gia phu hdp vdi muc tieu giad due; quan U cham diem va giai thieh cae kit qua dat dupe tfl cac phUdng phap danh gia cua giao vien va cac yiu t6 khac; sfl dung cac kit qua danh gia cd nhflng quyit dinh vi hpc sinh ki hoach day hpc, phat ttien chUdng ttinh va doi mdi ttUdng hoc; phat ttien nhflng nang luc da cd cua hpc sinh sfl dung eac phUdng phap ki^m tta danh gia; thdng tin nhflng ket qua danh gia den hpe sinh, phu huynh hpc sinh cac nha giao due va nhflng ngUdi quan lam khac; nang nhan biet va ttanh sfl dung bat hdp phap cac phUdng phap va thdng tin lam sai lech kit qua kiem tta, danh gia; v v TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Phan Thi Thanh Hpi 2012 Ddnh gid ldp hgc T^ lieu sinh boat xemina vi doi mdi dong bd PhUdng phap day hoe, Kiem tta danh gia TtUdng Dai hpe Su Pham Ha Npi [3] Le Dfle Ngpc, 2013 Dinh hudng ddi mdi cdn ban, todn diin kiim tra ddnh gid gido due dao tgo Ki ygu Hdi thao Doi mdi dong bd phUdng phap day bpc va kiem tta danh gia kit qua giao due ttong nha trudng thdng Bp giao due va dao tao, tt 43-57 [4] Tran Trung Ninh, 2013 Sinh hogt to ehuyen mdn theo hudng Nghiin cdu bdi hoc Tai heu lap huan to ttudng ehuyen mdn Bp Giao due va Dao tao [5] Chu Cam Thd, 2013 Mot so trao doi viphuong phdp dgy hgc, kiim tra ddnh gid mdn Todn phd'thdng Ki yeu Hpi thao Doi mdi dong bd phUdng phap day hpe va kiem tta danh gia kit qua giao due ttong nhattUdngpho thdng Bd giao due va dao tao, thang 12, tt 83-89 [6] Chu Cam Thd, 2014 Ren luyen ndng lytc quan sdt hanh vi hgc sinh cho sinh viin sUphgm Tap ehi khoa hpc ttudng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Ndi Tap 59, so 2A, tt 29-35 Bien phdp giiip dd gido viin mdi trudng ddnh gid qud irinh hgc lap cua hoc sinh [7] Chu Cam Thd 2014 Bien phdp kiim tra ddnh gid cila gido viin giiip diiu chinh hoat ddng hgc tap cua hoc sinh day hgc mdn Todn d THCS Tap chi giao due, so 335, tt 32-35 [8] Kathleen Stupupf Jongsina, Northside schools, San Antonie, 1989 The reading teacher Proquesl centtal, pp 264 [9] Margaret E Mcintosh, Formative assessment Mathemattcs 1997 The clearing house Proquesl centtal, pp 92 [10] Margaret Imhof, Chiristin Picard, 2009 View on using portfolio in teacher education Teaching and teacher education, pp 149-154 [11] NUS, 2001 Learning to teach, teaching to learn: a handbook for NUS teachers, 4^^ National University of Singapore [12] Rulhven, K 2005 Improving the development and warranting of good practice in teaching Cambridge Journal of Education 35(3), pp 407-426 [13] Sailo, E., Harim, I Kuboki, I., and Sumar H., 2007 A study on the partnership between school and university to improve mathematics and science education in Indonesia International Journal of Educational Development, 27 (2), pp 94-204 [14] Saito, E., Harun, I., Kuboki, I., and Tachibana H., 2006 Indonesian lesson study in practice: Case study of Indonesian mathematics science teacher education project Journal of In-service Education, 32 (2), pp 171-184 [15] Saito, E., Sumar, H., Harun, I., Ibrohim, K I., and Tachibana, H., 2006 Development of school-based in- service training under an Indonesian mathematics and science teacher education project Improving Schools, (1), tt 47-59, [16] Sphilemon Nlenza, 2006 Education studies in Mathematics Springer, 61: pp 321-345 [17] James H Sttonge, 2007 Nhiing pham chdt cua ngUdi gido viin hiiu qud Dich gia: Le Van Canh, Nxb Giao due Viet Nam ABSTRACT Measure that could help young teachers assess formative learning Assessment is the important part of the teaching process and assessment results can affect tiie content and the method of leaching mathematics Mathematics teachers need not only specialist knowledge but also tiie ability to assess thek students comprehensively Young teachers often have difficulties in the teaching process They lack experience and they feel that tiiey are under pressure This paper focuses on ways lo carry out assessments as learning that study groups helped young teachers and gives them some advices to implement measures effectively Keywords: Assessment as learning, classroom assessment, young teachers, mathematics teaching methods ... hpc ma bpc sinh da bd Id bang each yeu can hoc sinh ghi diiu ma hpc sinh chUa nhan thiic dupe, khd khan ttdng bai hpc Ap dung ki thuat sau bai giang hoac bai hpc: - Giao phiiu cho hpc sinh va danh... liiy nhien, lipc sinh ed the khdng sieng nang lam bai tap vi nha niu hpc sinh biit se khdng dUdc chim diem - Giao viSn can phai luyen tap ki thuat vai lan cho hpe sinh trUdc hpc sinh cd ki nang... danh gia dinh tinh Kiim tra (thi) viit: Day la phUdng phap danh gia bien nhit, bao gdm hai dang thflc: Trac nghiem khach quan va Tu luan - Ddnh gid sdn phd''m cua hgc sinh: thdng qua bd sd (pdrtfoUos)