ffi NGHlCNCIilU THUC TRANG VA BIEN PHAP NANG CAO MUfC DO SANG TAO CUA SINH V I £ N TRONG B A I THI HOC PHAN I D i t v l n d l Trong hpe t ip, sing tao eua sinh v i ln (SV) dUpc t h l hien khdng chi d[.]
ffi NGHlCNCIilU THUC TRANG VA BIEN PHAP NANG CAO MUfC DO SANG TAO CUA SINH V I £ N TRONG B A I THI HOC PHAN TS DANG TH| VAN • n s NGUTSN HUY£N THIRING DfltivcNAnonghltpHiNOI I.Ditvlndl Trong hpe tip, sing tao eua sinh v i l n (SV) dUpc t h l hien khdng chi d cic khiu hpc If thuylt, thpc hinh, thye t i p m i c i cie b i i thi hpc phin Hi|n nay, cieh d l thl cua k h i nhilu giing vien (GV) v i n theo kiiu kilm tra trf nhd cua ngudi hpc, npi dung kiln ihQe liln quan d i n c i u hdi d l thi ehl gidi han sich giio trlnh, b i i giing VI t h l , quan ni^m chi cin hpc thudc kiln thdc se dupe d i l m cao l i t i m II chung dupe hinh thinh d h i u h i t SV, Chlnh nguyen nhin CO b i n niy d i cin trd tinh sing lao cOa hp hpe t i p ndi chung v i b i i thi hpe phin ndi rieng D i l m sd thi hpc p h i n cfla SV cao hay t h i p lien quan d i n nhilu y i u td chi phdi nhu t h i i dp, phuong phip dn t i p cua SV, cieh hudng d i n dn t i p , eich d l thl, cieh dinh g i i cfla GV Tuy nhien, cieh l i m b i l thi mdt eich sing tao eua SV cung gdp mdt phin Idn ning cao dilm s6 eua hp Bilu hiin sing tao cua SV bii thi h i t hoc phin t h l hien n h U t h I nio, mdc dp cao thip l i v i n d l chung tdi quan t i m pham vi b i i v i l t niy Phuong p h i p n g h i i n cfliu PhQong phip chfnh dupe sd dung l i nghlln cQu sin phim, Chung tdi nghien cdu v i p h i n tfch 460 b i i thi cua 460 SV Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep H i Ndi (DHNN HN) MQc dp bilu hien sing tao cda SV b i i thi hpe phin dupe danh g i i theo mQc dd v i dUpc quy udc bing d i l m sd (xem b i n g 1) Vile dinh g i i mUc dd sing tgo cua SV b i i thi hpe phin dua v i o nhflng b i l u hien cu t h l m i SV the hiin b i i thi, dupe d i n h g i i qua hai t i l u chf CO b i n la tfnh m(^ v i tfnh g i i trj (bdi d i y l i hai tieu chf CO b i n cda sing tgo) TU d c h trlnh biy, d i n nhOfng ]> tudng mdi l i l n quan den cic c i u hdi d l thl, phit hien cic m i u t h u i n cQa v i n d l dupe d l c i p ciu hdi v i giii quylt chung mdt eich sing tgo Trong dio tao d dgi hpc, GV cd t h l dupc xem l i nhQng chuyin gia linh vpe chuyin n g i n h m i hp giing dgy VI viy, nghlln cQu niy, d l d i n h g i i tfnh mdi v i tfnh gii trj cda nhQng y tudng, eich g i i i quylt v i n d l qua tflng b i i thi cua SV, chflng tdi dpa v i o d i n h g i i cfla GV.Cdn eie b i l u hi^n sing tgo eua SV b i i thi hpc phJn d mQc n i o l i ngUdI nghlln cflu d i n h g i i d\fi vio thang d i l m d i n h g i i nhu sau: MUc cao ( - dilm), mQc k h i (3 - c^n dilm), mQc trung blnh (2 - c ^ dilm), mdc t h i p (1 d i n c i n dilm) Phucmg p h i p d i l u tra b i n g hdi, phdng vin siu cung dupe sQ dung d l thu t h i p them thdng tin cho q u i trinh p h i n tfeh k i t q u i b i n g phuong phip nghl&i cQu sin phim Sd lilu dupe xfl If b i n g chuong trinh phin mIm thdng ke SPSS mdi trudng VWndow, philn bin 13.0 Ket q u i n g h l l n cihi Sd lilu b i n g (trang 33) cho thiy, bilu hi|n sing tao cua SV qua b i i thl h i t hpc p h i n mdi chl dgt d m * dp trung binh (DTB 2,66) Oilu n i y chUng td phin nhilu SV chua t h l h l l n rd tfnh sing tao hpc t i p cfla mlnh qua b i i thi, M i c dfl, p h i n Idn SV d i u mong mudn dgt dilm cao, nhung sing tgo cfla hp Igi chua dupc p h i t huy Bilu h i | n sing tgo cfla SV t i p trung nhilu nhit mfle Mge du chua p h i i l i sing tgo d mflt cao nhiAig SV di^n nghiin cdu d i b i l t t$n dyng uu tfil cOa SV ndng nghi|p, cie mdn hpc thudc d c nginh nghi Sdng /; Quy Udc dlJm cho cdc blju hljn sdng tgo bdi thl hgc phdn Diimt^uyildc NhQnq biiu hiin sdng tgo bdi thi hit hoc phdn Hinh thdc trinh biy v i ndl dung t r i ldi dua theo ^ hilu c i nhin, khdng 1$ thudc thy dpng v i o 1dilm sich, bii qiinq, cd v i i y dunq duoc GV cho dilm Chpn Ipc eie kiln thQc U thuylt d i hoc v i kiln ihfle thUe t i l n khii q u i t thinh d u t r i \tA dilm Ndi dung ciu t r i IPI cd suphin lich, dinh g i i iQgdc nhin ei nhin, tdng hpp kiln thdc If thuylt 3dflm • da hpc, lien he vdl nhilu hoin cinh thue t l khic qua cic vf du, d i n chflnq minh hoa Qua vio kiln thdc li luin, kit hop quan sit v i trii nghl|m thyc tfin, SVrQt dUpe nhOhg b i l dilm hpe kinh nghiem thue t l , dupe GV ghi nhin nhu mpt sing Win nhd^ bd sung kfin thfle dd v i o b i i qlinq, t i l lieu qiinq day dilm < SV dua du bio xu t h l phit t r i l n cfla npi dung kiln thdc d l cip ciu hdi dupe GV quan t i m vl d u bio dd cd co sd khoa hoe 32>KHO«HgCGlAOIlVC NGHIEHCOUI Bdng 2: MQe dd biiu hiin sdng tgo cOa SV bdi thi hit hqc phdn % NhCtng bi^u hl^n sdng tao bdi thi hSt hoc phdn 1- Hinh thijrc trinh bSy Vtl n6i dung trk ldi di;a theo y hi^u cS nhSn, kh6ng 1^ thu6c thu donq vho s3ch, b^i qiSnq, c6 v^i y dunq duac GV cho di§'m 2- Chon Ipc cac kiln thlJc If thuyet da hpc vS ki^n thijrc thuc ti§n khSi quit thSnh ciu t r i ldi 3- NSi dung cSu trA I6i c6 sUphan tich, danh gi^ tf/g6c nhin c^ nhan, tfing hop kiln thijc li thuylt da hpc liln h i vdi nhilu hoan cSnh thuc t l khac qua cac vE du, dSn chijfnq minh hoa A- Dua vao kiln thijfc ii luan, kit hop quan sat va trai nghiim thuc tiln, SV rut dudc nhtJng bai hpc kinh nghiim thuc t l , duoc GV ghi nhan nhumdt sang kiln nhd, h6 sung kiln thut dd vao bai gianq, tai lilu qiang day 5- SV dua r a d y b a o x u t h l p h a t t r i l n c u a n d i d u n g kiln t h i j c d l cap cau hdi dUdc GV quan tam vidu bao ddcdcdsdkhoahpc % TheoC fC=50H TheoN IN = 4601 20,0 15,6 21,7 16,9 42,5 46,3 22,0 23,9 0,0 0,0 BTB 2,66 Ghi chu: % theo C (sd cdu hdi duqc gidi quyit), theo N (tdng mdu khdch the) t h l hien Cd t h l d i l u kien hpc t i p d tren Idp v i thpc hinh chua tao cho SV mpt nen t i n g kiln thdc day dO, phong phu, hoic SV chua du manh dan de dua y tudng sang tao hay quan diem mdi la cua c i nhan? Hay t i m II sp bi danh g i i vi khdng dung hay chua hoan hio? De ed them minh chQng 6i cip d i n bleu hien sang tao cQa SV bai thi h i t hpe phan, chiing tdi tim hilu xem sinh vien thudng lUa chpn hinh thQc lam bai nhu the nao thi? Kit q u i bSng philu hdi eho thay, 24,1% sd SV chpn each an toan 'Theo dung nhQng kiin thQc vdghi" (hay qua b i i giing cQa Bilu hien cd sd SV the hien nhieu ihU 2, nhung cung chi chilm ti le 23,9%, l i bieu hien (mQe 4), Mac GV); 62,8% lUa chpn cieh lam b i i thi tren CO sd'T/ieo du l i mQc dp sing tao cao, nhung neu ed dieu kien nhQng y ehinh qua bdi gidng cua GV, tQ dd phdt trien thuin Ipi thl v i n dupc p h i t huy d SV NhQng chuyen theo cdch hieu cua bdn thdn" Phuong phip "Tong hap nginh ma SVTnJdng DHNN HN dupe hpc phan Idn la kien thQc qua bdi gidng cCia GV qua tdi liiu tu hqc vd nhflng nganh n g h i lien quan den ndng nghiep Trong dien dgt theo y eua minh" ed 60,4% SV lUa chpn; 15,4% dd, da sd SV cua trudng xuat t h i n d cae vung ndng sd SV lua ehpn hinh thQc"DUa vdo Qng dung thuc tien tfidn, du cic em cung dUpc quan sit, dUpc nghe, de khdi qudt vdn di dugc hdr v i 27,8% sd SV lam t h i m chl edn duoc tham gia sin xuat trpc tiep vdl gia b i i thi "Tong hgp kien thdc li thuyit kit qud Qng dung, dinh nen tfl nhQng kiln thfle If thuylt n i n tang, SV ed khdi qudt thdnh cdu trd ldi" t h l liln h i den thuc t l mdt cieh thuan Ipi v i d l dang Nhu viy, cd mpt sd dang ke SV trung thinh vdi hon Tuy nhien, bieu hien n i y chl t h l hien d mdt sd ft SV kiln thQc b i i giing cQa thiy cd lam b i i thi, khdng chu ddng biln kien thfle dd thinh cieh lip luin cfla Cd mdt sd lupng SV d i n g k l (21,7%) ed bilu hien (mfle 1) la nhflng bieu hien so d i n g cfla sing tao rilng mlnh Cdn phin Idn SV lua chpn cie cieh khie Trln thuc t ^ nhflng SV khdng thudc If thuyet, tham gia de ed t h l l i m b i i thi mpt cieh hieu q u i n h i t Cd thpc h i n h mdt cieh ddi phd, n i n gap cic ciu hdi t h l thudc v i o dp khd de eua tQng hpc phan, hay 6i thi, hp budc phii l i m theo suy nghi c i nhin yeu ciu cfla tQng GV m i SV biet lUa chpn phuong phip m i khdng hoan t o i n dua v i o co sd khoa hoc d i dupc l i m b i i phu hpp vdl cieh danh g i i cho diem cfla tflng nghe giing hay dupc trlnh b i y giio trlnh Tuy GV Mpt thuc t l l i , cd GV cho diem tdi da SV trinh v i n ed nhflng ^ t r i ldi ddng dupc GV cho dilm, mac dfl bay d i y dQ kiln thQc sich hay bai giing Nhung chua cao thuc hien b i i thi theo eich niy, nhUng hp cung cd GV cham, hp quan t i m den eich dien dat, lien h i thfle t i l n hay quan d i l m rieng cfla SV v l v i n 6i v i n cd b i l u hien sang tao dupe hdi, chfl khdng don g i i n ch! trinh biy lai nhflng gl Bleu hien dupe xem l i cd sing tao d mQc dd cao da cd qua sich vd, qua nhQng gl GV d i de cap n h i t l i b i l u hien thfl (mfle 5) khdng dUpc SV nao d i u g i n vdi thue t i l n cao Ngoii nhQng budi thuc hinh tgi khoa, SVcdn cd t h l t h i m nhip thpc t l n g h i nghiip d dia phucmg, gia dinh, cie khu vUdn thuc nghiem tai trudng, Do dd, SV cd t h l h i thdng v i bd sung them kien thfle tQ thuc t i l n giii quyet cic c i u hdi eua d l thi, dupe GV ghi n h i n v i cho diem Vi vay, bilu hiin m i chung tdi dUa thi bilu hien thQ (dng vdi mdc 3) cd sd SV the hien nhieu hon c i , chilm tl II 46,3% D i y l i cieh l i m b i i t h l hien tfnh linh hoat cua SV viec k i t hpp kiln thQc If luin v i thuc l i l n de giii quylt v i n d l SJf81-THANGG/2012*33 E Q NGHltNCOU4 K i t l u i n v i mdt sd d l x u i t Mfle dd bilu h l l n sing lao b i i thl h i t hpe phin cua SVTrUdng DHNN HN thupe dien nghien cQu ehl dat d mQe trung blnh, b i l u hien sing tgo cfla SV b i i thi hpc p h i n chua rd n i t v i t o i n di|n, sing lao eua SV l i p trung nhilu d b i l u hi|n 3, Phin Idn GV d l thi theo kiiu kilm tra tri nhd, tfnh Qng dpng cfla kiln thfle If thuylt, nhflng ciu hdi dgng p h i t h l | n v i n d l ehua dupe gpi md hay Idng g h i p v i o eic c i u hdi thi nen ehua phit huy linh sing tao cua SV, VI viy, vl|c nghiin cdu v i td chQc d l thl dudi dgng tdng hpp, cic c i u hdi giin tilp, nPi dung c i u hdi g i n nhilu vdl thpc t l mdn hpc, nginh n g h i se kich thich de tim tdi v i nhu ciu khim p h i cii mdi cua SV hon Die biet, cic c i u hdi dang phit hien v i n d l nen dUa v i o thudng xuyin d cic b i i k i l m tra, b i i thi d l r^n cho SV k h i ning hpc t i p theo phuong phip tim tdi, k h i m p h i ; cd n h u v i y sing tao cfla hp hpc t i p ndi chung, t i l n hinh cic b i i thi hcK phin ndi rieng se dUpc p h i t huy d mQc dp cao hon, Ngoii ra, dUa If luin t i m II hpc sing tao v i o chuong trinh d i o tao giup SV cd phuong p h i p luin sing tao phue vy cho hpc t i p v i cdng t i c n g h i nghiip sau cua ho, Viec ddi mdi eich k i l m tra, d i n h g l i k i t q u i hpe t i p cfla SV c i n thuc hien thudng xuyIn v i ddng bd cung vdi sU cii l i l n phuong p h i p day gid hpc If thuylt, v i hudng d i n thuc hinh, cd nhu viy tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii chflng ta mdi tao eho SV mpt mdi trudng hpe t i p tfch cpc, tQ dd sing t^o cfla hp mdi d i n dupe p h i t huy, TAILI$UTHAMKHAO Nguyin Thj Lf Anh (2008), Bdi gidng Cdng nghi s/n/j/)pc,Trudng DHNN HN Cao Viet H i (2008), Bdi gidng Dia chdt m* rrudnp, Trudng DHNN HN Phgm Thj Ngpc (2008), Bdi gidng Ti bdo hgc, Trudng DHNN HN Huynh V i n Son (2009), Tdm IIhqc sdng tgo NXB Giio dye H i Npi Taylor D.W; Barron F; Torance, E.P (1964), Selena Creativity Its Recognition and Development, John Wilej and Sons, New York SUMMARY The author suggests that the level of creativity manifested in the course exams of students ofAgricultural University Hanoi only reaches the average point Tfte creativity manifested in the course exams among studet^ is not clear or comprehensive None of students can show a high degree of creativity One of the most signiHeant reasons for this status is attributable to the inapproprlats design of test items by lecturers iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiitiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiiinininiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJ XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUOC DO TU DUY I (Tiip theo trang 27} thfle khie d i dupe hpc chuong trinh nhU d i y dien hda cua kim logi, kim logi k i l m , kim loai k i l m thd, nhdm Ket l u i n Sfl dyng LDTD dgy hpc cd tinh Qng dyng cao vl cd t h l i p dung b i l ki d i l u k i l n co sd v i t chat n i o cfla trudng hpc, cd t h l t h i l t k l LDTD i r i n giay, bia, b i n g phy vdi chl m i u , bfli, tiy hoic t h i l t k l tren m i y tfnh vdi cie p h i n m I m hd trp Qua k i t q u i thuc nghiem sU pham cho thiy, sQ dung LDTD day eie b i i luyen tap giflp hpc sinh sing tgo hon, hflng thu hon, tfl dd tfch cue v i dat k i t q u i cao hon Ngoii viee t h i l t k l LDTD cho cic b i i luy^n t i p , g i i o vien ed t h l hUdng d i n hpc sinh lap LDTD cho b i l mdi, ghi c h i p k i l n thfle t r l n Idp, dn t i p thi cii lap ke hoach c i n h i n , minh hpa cie y tudng, q u i n II td, ldp,., LDTD thUc su l i mdt cdng cu tU h i | u q u i mang lal nhQng Ipi fch to Idn hoat ddng day v i hpe, gdp p h i n ddi mdi phuong p h i p , n i n g cao c h i t lupng g i i p due, hudng hpe sinh d i n s p p h i t t r i l n t o i n d i l n l i eo sd 6i x i y dpng mpt n i n g i i o due t i l n t i l n v i b i n vflng dflng vdi chfl truong cOa 34*KH0AH9CGlAODVC D i n g v i N h i nudc ta TAIUEUTHAMKHAO Nguyin X u i n Trudng (Tdng chfl biln), Sddi gido khoa Hda hqc 12, NXB Giio due, 2011 PGS.TS N g u y i n Thj Sflu (Chfl biln), Phuang phdp dgy hgc hda hqc NXB Khoa hpc v i Ki thu^t, 2009 Bui Phuong Thanh H u i n , Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hqc hda hqc d trudng trung hgc thdng vung ddng bdng sdng Cdu Lang, Luin i n Tiln si giio dpe hpc, 2010 Tony Buzan, Sodd tUduy NXB Tdng hppTP.Hfl Chf Minh, 2008 SUMMARY The article has presented several suggestions to help teachers use thinking paradigm in order to desigr\ and deliver grade-l chemistry exercises, espedaliy^ relation to sections on metal elements and groups^, metal elements in consonance with active tead^ing approach ... sd dang ke SV trung thinh vdi hon Tuy nhien, bieu hien n i y chl t h l hien d mdt sd ft SV kiln thQc b i i giing cQa thiy cd lam b i i thi, khdng chu ddng biln kien thfle dd thinh cieh lip luin... chQng 6i cip d i n bleu hien sang tao cQa SV bai thi h i t hpe phan, chiing tdi tim hilu xem sinh vien thudng lUa chpn hinh thQc lam bai nhu the nao thi? Kit q u i bSng philu hdi eho thay, 24,1%... NGHIEHCOUI Bdng 2: MQe dd biiu hiin sdng tgo cOa SV bdi thi hit hqc phdn % NhCtng bi^u hl^n sdng tao bdi thi hSt hoc phdn 1- Hinh thijrc trinh bSy Vtl n6i dung trk ldi di;a theo y hi^u cS nhSn,