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C 3 NGHltNClhl DITA GIAO DUG Kl NANG SONG VAO CAC T R O O N G SI/PHAM NHU CAU XA HOI, MO HINH VA LO TRINH TRIEN KHAI TS TRANANHTU^N O^lligceiiodgc BHQGHiNOi 1 Dat vin d l Giio due ki n ing sdng (GDKNS[.]
C NGHltNClhl DITA GIAO DUG Kl NANG SONG VAO CAC TROONG SI/PHAM: NHU CAU XA HOI, MO HINH VA LO TRINH TRIEN KHAI TS.TRANANHTU^N O^lligceiiodgc-BHQGHiNOi Dat vin d l Giio due ki n i n g sdng (GDKNS) dang l i mpt v i n d l xa hdi bQc xuc c i ddi sdng thQc t l v i gidi nghien cQu H i i n nay, Bd Giio due & D i o tao (GD&DT) dang g i p rQt chu^n b| chuong trinh GDKNS, da t i p h u l n g i i o v i l n (GV) v i t r i l n khai thf d i l m thuc hi^n chuong trinh GDKNS n i m hpc 2010-2011 niy Tuy nhi^n, mdt c i u hdi Idn d i l ra: D i y d i l i mpt giii p h i p GDKNS mang tfnh tdng t h i , cd du t i m nhin chiln lupc p h i t t r i l n g i i o dye (GO), hay mdi chl l i mdt g i i i p h i p tinh t h l Bii v i l t n i y n h i m khing djnh Dua GDKNS v i o chUOng trinh d i o tao g i i o V\in (OTGV) l i mdt hudng dl dung de d i p Qng nhu c i u x i hpi h\in ddng thPi se gdp p h i n t r i ldi c i u hdi tren diy G i i o due 1(1 nang song it Viet Nam: P h i n tich nhu cau xa hoi 2.1 Khdi nIem l(i ndng sdng Kindng song (Living skills Life skills, v i l t t i t KNS) va GDKNS {Life skills education) xuat p h i t tQ nhu c i u thfch Qng eua ngudi, trude het l i eua t h i hi t r i trUde nhQng thay ddi nhanh chdng v i manh me eua cudc sdng xa hdi duong dai va t d bat c i p cCia md hinh GD nha trUdng, eua ehUOng trinh GO hi&n trUdc nhQng thay doi ndi tren Thuit ngQ KNS dUoc UNESCO dinh nghia tai Hpi t h i o "Chat lupng GD v i KNS" (Hi Ndi, 2003) 'Id ndng luc ed nhdn de thuc hien ddy du cdc chQc ndng vd tham gia vdo cudc song hdng ngii/'[2]- Cd t h i coi KNS chfnh l i hinh vi tich cue va hpp IfcQasur/jeng/j/lmcdcg/d tri song {living Value) d moi c i n h i n KNS hinh t h i n h d moi ca nhan thdng qua sU tdng hpp tri thQc, t h i i dd, kinh nghiem cd duoc chu t h i tham gia v i o vile g i i i quylt eac van d l , eie tinh hudng cudc sdng b i n g nang luc c i n h i n DI nhien, cd nhieu dudng h]nh thdnh KNS: bdng trdi nghiim vd tich luy kinh nghiim song, gdm c i phuong thQc bj ddng, tQ p h i t v i phuong thQc chu ddng {hoc hdi dqc sdch bdo, tU rin luyin ); bdng dudng GDKNS, t i c ddng cd chQ dich hinh t h i n h d ngudi hpc nhOng g i i tri v i cic KNS chpn Ipc, d i m b i o cho hp thich Qng vdi cudc sdng v i d i p Qng yeu c i u p h i t t r i l n xa hpL Chu t h i t i e ddng d i y chQ yeu l i gia dinh v i n h i trudng 10 •KHOAHQCGIAGDUC Cho d i n nay, GDKNS d i trd t h i n h m^t xu t h i t i t y i u p h i i t r i l n GD t o i n c i u , hSu h i t cic nudc tiin t i l n , GDKNS dupc dua v i o chuong trinh GD qudc gia v i l i hoat ddng rdng k h i p cic t l chQc x i hdi 2.2 Nhu eSu xd hdi Viet Nam Di k h i i q u i t t o i n c i n h nhu cdu xdhdi vi GDKA/5 d Vi^t Nam hifen cdn mdt su nhin nhiin tSng thi khdng chi k h i o s i t riSng v l c i e hoat dpng GD trudng quy Dudi d i y l i mdt sd n h i n dinh ban diu v l nhu c i u xa hdi ddi vdi GDKNS: a) BQc tranh t o i n c i n h v l GDKNS d V i l t Nafii, vdi cie "ddng hoat ddng" dan xen,mdf mdt da khSng djnh nhu c i u x i hdi Vi&t Nam h i i n r i t Idn v l GDKNS cho t h i hi t r i Dd l i su-c sdng mgnh me da GDxd hdi Mat khic, n l u so v& nhu c i u x i hdi thi eic hoat ddng hi§n cung chl Id nhQng bildc di ban ddu md mdm vd mang ndng tinh tUphdt b) BQc tranh t o i n c i n h t r l n cho thSy rd sUchim t r i , t h i l u hut vai trd chu dao cua GD n h i trudng mi trude h i t l i cua Bp GD&DT Chu truong 'DUa GDKNS vdo cdc bdc hoc thdng' cua BP GD&OT l i dung d i n va viic chf dao thuc hiin thdng n h i t Idng g h i p GDKNS l i mdt vt^c lam c i n t h i l t nhi^n day mdi chE l i mpt su Qng phd c h i m tre v i thu ddng trudc nhu c i u xa hdi e) GDKNS thue chdt Id GD I6i s6ng v i gdp phin p h i t t r i l n n h i n eich t o i n dien cho t h i hStrl.GDKNS p h i i l i mdt cic myc tifeu h i n h ddng qudc gia, nhu UNESCO d i k h u y i n c i o : "Aid/qutfcg/apM/rfdm bdo cho ngudi hqc duac tiip cdn chuong trinh GDKNS phii hqp"{2\ Do viy, GDKNS khdng t h i chi b i n g m6t gidi phdp tinh thi, l i mdt phSn cQa d u i n GD nio dd mdt v i i nam m i p h i i dupc thuc hi&n bdi mdt chuang trinh hdnh ddng qudcgia cd du tSm nhin c h i l n lupc (ft nhdt cQng ngang tam vdi chuang trlnh GD ddn s6, chuang trinh GD mdi trudng dd tQng cd), g i n l i l n vdi cdng cudc ddi mdi GD toan di6n va trifit d l , sudt thdi kl cdng nghi&p h o i , h i i n dai hoi d i t nude d) Mdt nhQng van 6i co b i n cSn phii chl rd l i B$ GD&DT v i c i c d u i n mdi chi nhin thay nhu c j u bdi dudng (t$p hu6n) GV kiim nhiem cdng tdc GDKNS m i chQa tfnh d i n vi§c p h i i di/a GDKNS vio .NGHIENCOIUQ cic trudng sU pham nhuthi ndo d l ed t h i t d chQc DT mdt ddi ngu GV d i p Qng nhu c i u x i hdi v l GDKNS DUa GDKNS v i o c i c trUdng sU pham: Tfnh t a t yeu, m o hinh trien khai va 16 trinh thuc h i i n 3.1 Tinh tdt yeu Tai can dUa GDKNS v i o chuang trinh DTGV? Ciu t r i ldi x u i t p h i t t d hai t i l n d l : a) Di dua GDKNS v i o cic b i c hpc phd thdng, m i khdng tinh den "Oua GDKNS v i o chuong trinh DTGV"eic b i c hpc, thi nhu da ndi d tren, se chl l i g i i i p h i p tinh the v i se chf ed ket q u i "nQa vdi"; b) Da sd sinh vi^n eie trUdng (khoa) su pham cung can dupc GDKNS Trudc h i t , KNS c i n eho hp vPi t u eich l i nhQng ngudi Xri tudi B^n canh dd, GDKNS l i mdt sU c h u i n bj nang lue n g h i nghi&p c i p t h i l t d l hp tham gia GDKNS cho hoc sinh phd thdng sau niy 3.2 Mo hinh GDKNS cdc trui/ng suphgm Dua GDKNS v i o eie trUdng sU pham thUe c h i t l i trien khai GDKNS ddng thdi d e i hai phuong di^n: - Trudng sU pham t r i l n khai cic chuong trinh DTGV, chuan bj dpi ngu n h i n lUe chuy&n mdn td chdc cie hoat dpng GDKNS d trudng phd thdng v i ciccosdGDkhie; - Trudng su pham t r i l n khai cic hoat ddng GDKNS eho sinh vien su pham vdi t u each l i ddi tupng nien dang trudng thinh, Nhu viy, tr^n c i hai phuong di^n, md hinh DT truyin thong cCia cic trudng su pham can p h i i thay ddi v l mue tieu, chuong trinh DT va phuong thQc td chdc q u i trinh DTGV cung se can p h i i duoc dieu chinh dang k l - GV chuyin trdeh vi hogt ddng GD (trong dd cd GDKNS): Hien cic trudng phd thdng d i cd chuong trinh "hogt ddng GD ngodi gid lin Idp" GVCN kiem nhiem nhung thUe te hieu q u i GD khong cao chlnh la bdi ho khdng dupc DT de cd du n i n g luc d i m n h i n chdc nang n^y.Mdtkhdc, chung ta da, dang cd nhu c i u DT loai hinh GV "phi truyen thdng": c i n bp GD - chuyen vi^n t u v i n hpc dUdng; cin bp GD - g l i m thi; chuyen vien cdng t i e x i hdi trudng hoe; tong phy trich Ddi Bdi viy, sip tdi cac trudng sU pham se sdm c h i p nhan mdt sd chuonr trinh DT loai hinh GV chuyen trdch vi hoat ddng GD dd cic ndi dung v i phuong phip to chQc cac hoat ddng GDKNS la mpt mue tieu DT v i la bp phan quan trpng c i u n i n g Ipc sU pham - GVkiim nhiem: Loai hinh GV se phd hpp vdi yeu cau mpi GV v i tat c i cac mdn hpc d I u co t h i tham gia GDKNS; v l co b i n van theo mue tieu DTGV eho eic mdn hpc truyen thdng d trUdng phd thdng nhung chuang trinh DTgdm mdt so mdn hgc cd I6ng ghip vd tich hap vdi cdc ndi dung, phuong phdp dgy hqc cua GDKNS; Thdrbai, xdy dUng mpt sd mdn hqc (hqc phan, mddun) vd hogt ddng chuyin biit vi GDKNS 64 cd the lua chpn Idng ghep phu hop cho tQng loai hinh DTGV da ndi d tren, i d cau true lai eic ehuong trinhDTGVhien hanh.Trong dd, nhieu mdn khac, hoat dpng khac van thuc hien ddng thdi theo phuong thQc t h d nhat da neu tren; - GVgidng dgy song mdn: Chuong trinh DT dupe thiet k l (Vf du, t i le 70% -I- 30 %) di sau tdt nghi&p GV tuong lai cd t h i dam n h i n g i i n g day dupe mdt mdn v i chuyen t r i c h ve G DKNS d trudng phd thdng Chdng ta da tQng ed t i l n l | v i cd kinh nghi&m DT loai hinh GV song mdn n h u v i y (Vf du, Sinh+ Ki t h u i t Ndng nghiep, LI + KT t h u i t Cdng nghiep); se cd nhieu mdn chuyin sau v l GDKNS chuong trinh DT loai hinh "GV song mdn"; T/iii" ba, xdy dung mdi chuang trinh DT cho logi hinh "GV dgy song mdn" vd logi hinh "GV chuyin trdch vi hogt dpng GD" c) Cdc hogt ddng 6D/(W5 cdc nhd trudng sU pham Chuong trinh DTGV trinh dp dai hpc, cao dang he chinh quy vdi myc lieu chu yeu cho la DT dpi ngu GV giing day eic bd mdn trung hpc co sd, trung hpc phd thdng thudng dupe c i u trQc bdi nam b) Cdcphuang thQc dua GDKNS vdo chuang trinh DTGV:Chung ta da cd kinh nghiem Idng ghep (va tich hpp) GD dan so, GD moi trUdng vao chuong trinh GD phd thong v i vao chuong trinh DTGV TQ do, ed the lua ehpn, hoic ket hpp ddng thdi c i baphuan thQccabdn de dUa GDKNS v i o ehuong trinh DTGV: r/iu" nhat, long ghip (vd tich hqp) GDKNS vao myc tieu mdn hoe v i tQdd, thuc hien long ghep (va tfeh hpp) GDKNS vao ndi dung ehuong trinh mdn hpc, Moi mdn hpc (hoc phin, mddun) ehuong trinh OTGV hien h i n h d I u c i n va cd the ft, nhieu thuc thi dupe yeu cau n i y theo die thu mdn hpc Tuong tu, GDKNS cung se dupe nghien cdu de thuc hien Idng ghep (va tich hop) vao eac hoat dpng ren luyen nghiep vu sQ pham, cic hoat dpng GD khie (ngoal khoi, doan the ), vao cac khau khac eua qua trinh DTGV (thUe hinh - thUe t i p sU pham, kiem tra danh g i i v i thi tdt nghiep, lam b i i lap nghien cQu a) Mue tieu DT: Cdc loai hinh GV cdn DT tham gia GDKNS: se cd v i khoaiuan tot nghiep ) Phuong thQc ndy phu hap it nhat Pa/oa/c/n/ongrrinrtDTtuong Qng vdi baloai vdi md hinh DTGV hiin md khdng can xdo trdn nhiiu; hinh GV (myc tieu DT) sau day: SJl81-THAHG6y2ai2