einne onv THOfBinrnG TROAG TRinrnn PHO THOOG BANG CACH TIEP CAN VAN HOA T[io Dudng Id dinh cao eiia thi eo nhdn lopl, frdi qua non liXX) ndm, vdn giir nguygn sire lay ddng sdu xa trong dn tupng ciio n[.]
einne onv THOfBinrnG TROAG TRinrnn PHO THOOG BANG CACH TIEP C A N O T [io Dudng Id dinh cao eiia thi eo nhdn lopl, frdi qua non liXX) ndm, vdn giir nguygn sire lay ddng sdu xa dn tupng ciio nhirng ngudi quon tdm vd ygu thieh nghg thudt tho ea Dgy tho Dudng trudng phd thdng cho hoy ed t h i ndi Id mpt thdch thirc vdl nhilu gido vign (GV) dpy vdn Nhllu nhd nghign ciru, GV ed tdm huylt dd duo cdc edeh Hip can khde nhau: theo quan dilm ngir vdn, ehu nghTa dn tupng, tir gdc dd xd hpi hpe, tii gdc dp thi phdp hpc Mdi cdch Hg'p edn ed nhifrig uu diem vd hgn e h l rigng, song, d l hieu tho Duong frpn v^n, khoa hpe vd ehinh xdc, edn trd tdc phdm v l vdl cdl ngudn vdn hdo (VH) cy the dd sdn sinh ro nd, Hm hilu md VH rigng bigt da tpo ldp ngn nd, hoy edn tlip cdn tha Dudng tu gdc VH VH Id tdng t h i ede gid frj vdt chd't vd Hnh than eon ngudi sdng tpo ro qud trinh lich sir ddi Idu Mdi edng ddng ddn tpc ed mdt nIn VH rigng, i h l hi^n dl^n mgo etio cpng ddng ddn Idc dy Vdn hpe chju dnh hudng tryc Hip tir khdng gian VH eiia mdt thdi dpi vd truyin thdng VH ddc ddo eiia mdt ddn tdc Tu tudng frilt hpe, tdn gido, phong tyc, t^p qudn, ngdn ngir, tu diu thude ve VH vd d i u dnh hudng d i n vdn hpe, vdy Hip egn van hpc ciio ddn toe ndo phdi dya trgn md VH ciio ddn tpc dd Tilp cdn VH dd'l vdl tho Dudng Id gidi md VH Trung Hoa frong tho Dudng; Idm ndi bdt nhung sdc thdi VH phong phii dupe t h i hign frong tdc phd'm, khdm phd tdng i h l Idc phd'm fren nhllu binh dien, nhilu gdc d$; tu dd ddnh gid hit cdl hoy, cdl dep ciio tdc phd'm vd y nghTa vdl cudc sd'ng nhdn lopi Ttio Dudng frong chuong trinh phd thdng, tu THCS Ign THPT, dupe thilt k l theo Id'l vdng frdn ddng Idm d kip 7, hpc sinh (HS) dupe hpe vd dpc cdc bdi Vgng Lu san bde bd, TTnh dg hi eua Ly Bgch, Phong Kliu dg bgc ciio Truong K l , Hal huong ngSu mucua Hg Tri Chuong, Mao 6c vj thu phong sd phd ea ciio Dd Phu a ibp 70, HS dupe hpe vd dpc cdc bdi Hodng Hgc Idu tdng Mgnh Hao Nhlin ehl Quang Ldng cuo Ly Tap ehi Glao due so (ki a • >/aoiai VAN HOA ThS D O THI HA G I A N G ' Bgch, Thu ciio Dd Phij, frich T? bd hdnh cuo Bgch Cu Dl, Hodng Hpc Idu ciia Thdi Hieu, Khui odn Clio Vuong Xuong Linh, Diiu minh gidn eua Vuong Duy Bdng edeh tiep edn VH, GV phdi hilu dupe ehllu sdu 5000 ndm ciia nIn vdn hod Trung Hoa t h i hien nhung hai tho dy d l li gidi, phan tich edi hay mpl each trpn ven, tu dd, gpi dupe hirng thu, khdl khao mudn Hm hieu, khdm phd eua HS Ma ngdn ngi/ Khi fim hilu tho Dudng, phdi gidi md ngdn ngir tho Dudng Ngdn ngirld hinh thiic edm nhdn vd li gidl t h i gidi ciio ede thi nhdn Id noi ehuyin tdi, frinh hien vd ngung ty nhirng Idp VH dn tdng frong ndi dung vdn bdn Id ehia khdo md cdnh Clio di vdo t h i gidl nghe thudt cuo Idc phdm N l u khdng tilp xue vdl vdn bdn tdc phdm tCr ngdn ngir da tgo ldp ngn nd, chiing to se khd Idng edm nhgn hodn chinh, sdu sdc dupe Vdl thye trpng day hpc (DH) d trudng phd thdng hign nay, ddi hdi GV vd HS tilp xue vdl vdn bdn tho Dudng h> fling Trung Id dieu khdng thi Vi vgy, DH tho Dudng phdi k)dm vdo vdn b>dn phien dm Hdn Viet frong SGK chii khdng phdi Id bdn dich tho eua ede djch gid Vigt Nam N l u GV ehi hudng cidn HS bdm vdo cdu chu cuo bdn djch tho d l phdn tich, binh gidng se khdng thd'y hit edi hoy eiia tho Dudng, bdi ngdn ngO tho Dudng hdm sue, ed dpng, tinh tupng trung coo, dd khdi qudt k5n De hieu tho Dudng, Hep egn vdi vdn bdn phign dm Hdn - Viet khdng don thudn ehi gidi nghTo tu dya vdo ehu thieh frong SGK, GV edn hudng dan HS phdn tich, edm tny, binh gid ve dep eiia bdi tho quo he thdng h> ngir, kit cd'u ngir phdp, he thdng hinh Krpng dupe hinh thiie ngdn ngir chuyen tdi Vi dy, khdm phd bdi Hodng Hgc Idu eiia Thdi Hieu, rd rang nhd tho dd ed dyng y nghe ihudt phd edeh Iudt tho Dudng frong bdn cdu ddu: Tich nhdn dl thira hodng hgc khu/Thu dja ' Si Glao d*c - Bao t^o B k Giang khdng du Hodng Hgc Idu/Hodng hgc nhd't khir bdt phye phdn/Bgch vdn thien tdi khdng du du (Ngir vdn 10, tap 1) Khdng gidng vdi ddc trung ed dpng, hdm sue cua tho Dudng thdng thudng, ddc biet id sy chpn Ipc nghiem khde v l ngdn hi, ijd'n cdu tho ndy ed sy xudt hien trimg ldp tdi bo Idn Clio hoi chir hodng hgc, theo dd Id hoi chir khdng, hoi chir fc/ii/ Vd hoi cdu 3, hodn todn khdng Kidn thii Iudt ddi thanh, ddi y md ed cd'u true ddc biet mdt lopt trde rdi den mdt loot Isdng Vdy dyng y ciio thi nhdn Id gi? Quo nhung y l u td hien hien ve ngdn ngir, giup ngudi dpc nhdn ro, chii t h i frir Hnh dang bde Id noi nllm tile nudi den ngdo v l mdt dilu gi dd tdt dep dd mot di khdng trd lgi; dd Id edm nhgn mong tinh chu quon ciia chti t h i trir Hnh v l nhdn thi; Td kit qud ciio nhung suy ngdm gidu tinh frilt li quan he ddi sdnh vdl ty nhign N l u Igi ehi cdn c(r vdo Idi djch Hoc vdng al cudi dl ddu/Md ddy Hodng hgc rling Idu cdn tra/ Hgc vdng dl mat tir xua/Ngdn ndm mdy trdng bdy gid cdn bay (Tdn Dd djch) thi khd edm nhdn trpn ven dn y eua thi nhdn Cdn khdng djnh rdng, gidi md dupe ngdn ngir mdi bdi tho Id dd ndm chde frong fay ehia khda md ro mpt f h l gidl nghe thudt phong phii Clio Dudng thi Tdn gido vd frilt hpc Trong Ijch su tu tudng Trung Qude, Dpo gio id mpt frilt thuyet Idn, ed tdm dnh hudng rdt sau rdng Dpo gio eho rdng, frgng thdi Hnh thdn fdf nhat eiio ngudi Id frgng thdi hu H'nh, dpm Theo dd, eon ngudi that vpng, ehdn ndn, dau khd thi chi bdng hda minh vdi fy nhien, flnh tpi thudng thire cdnh dep h; nhign d l ed f h l gidi tiiodt minh khdi trpng thdi ehdn ndn md ndy sinh nilm vui Hda hpp vdi thien nhign, duo ngudi vdo eon dudng vui vg fy nhign Id dl theo hudng fhl v| hda nhdn sinh, dilu ndy bleu hien ddm net nhdt frong tdm fhiie ede thi nhdn son thiiy diln vign ddi Dudng Trd v l vdl sdng nui rudng vudn de dl dudng tinh Hnh, muon cdnh sdc fy nhign Idm lieu thude an thdn, fruy cdu sy an nhign fy tpi, mong udc sigu fhodf, xa rdi the tyc Ipl danh vd'n Id dm hudng chu dgo ciia thi nhdn son thuy diln vign vdl nhirng ten tudi frir danh nhu Mgnh Hpo Nhien, Vuong Duy, Ly Bach Vpng Lu san bdc bd, Phong Kliu dg bgc, Thu hung, Diiu minh gidn id nhung bdi tho minh chirng eho sy dnh hudng ndy Ciing vdl sy dnh hudng etio tu tudng frilt hpe Dpo gia, Kr tudng Dpo gido cOng tdc ddng khd sdu sdc tdi truyen thdng VH Trung Hoa De dot Dgo, ngudi phdi hda hpp vdi K/ nhien frdi ddt, Ipc tdm tinh, quen di tdt ed d l diem dpm hu fTnh, giir ipi sy chd't phde Nhd vdy md glu Igi dupe frpng thdi tam li can bdng, thudn fTnh, fy gidi fhodf khdi nhifrig dung tyc gidng xg, vuon tdi nhung dilu tdt dep, ed y nghTo Dieu ndy dnh hudng khd sdu sdc tdi tdm thiie cdc thi nhdn ddi Dudng Hodng Hgc Idu cuo Thdi Hi^u f h l hien net VH ndy, tir cdu tho ddu fhl nhdn da bdc Id ndi niem dau ddu vdi cdu chuyen ngudi xua Kl luyen thdnh Hgn Vpng Lu son bdc bd, Diiu minh gidn eung chung khdf vpng dd Bgn cpnh vi fri eua Dpo, Phdt gido cOng ed dnh hudng sdu sdc tdi/ighe thudf fho Dudng Phgt gido cd xud't xd Kr An Dp (fhl ki VI - V trude Cdng nguygn), dupe truyin vdo Trung Qude khodng cudi Tdy Hdn ddu Ddng Hdn vd ed dnh hudng khd sdu sdc vdl cdc hinh thdi VH khde ciio Trung Hoa Cd y kiln cho rdng, nlu khdng ed sy truyin Ixi eiia Phdf gido, sg khdng ed tho Dudng, bdi nlu khdpg ed viec chuyen dich kinh Phdf fCr ngdn ngir An Dp sang Hdn ngi/ thi Thdm Lfde (441 -513) sg khdng f h l duo ro thuylt «tu bdt binh", idm eo sd eho edeh Iudt fho Dudng Phdt gido khdng djnh niem fin ddi sd'ng the tyc chi Id tudng, phuong tign nhd't d l ngudi fhodf khdl ndi that vpng v l edi vd thudng Id phdi dpt den gide ngd Cdnh gidi tinh ihdn ndy thudng thdng qua thudng ldm cdl dep ciia ly nhign d l dpi d i n sy on nhign frong npi tdm tdc gid, hodc tii frong sy phdn tinh quan sdf hign tupng nhdn sinh hoy Iv nhign d l td bdy edm xiie Cd t h i fim thdy net bilu hien ndy frong ede Isdi fho: Tinh dg tu, Vgng Lu san bgc bd, Hodng Hgc Idu, Thu hung, Diiu minh gidn Trong y cdnh ciia sy dpm, dilm fTnh, hdi hod, edi f h l gidi Hnh thdn chju dnh hudng sdu sdc bdi fhlln li Clio ede thi nhdn dupe bilu hien Hnh t l hit miic, tgo ngn t h i gidl nghg thudt cuo sy hdo dieu gluo tho vd ihiln khiln ngudi ddi sau mdi mdi phdi suy tudng Pnong tyc, tdp qudn Trong truyin thdng vdn hod cuo ngudi Trung Hoa, «ddng cao" Id tgp audn mang nhilu y nghTa tdm linh Dd id mdt cdch eon ngudi hdnn ddng de giao Hip vdi f h l gidi thdn llnh, d l hi^n thye hda khdt vpng hod ddng vdi f h l gidi h/ nhign Vdl ngudi Trung Hoa xua ihi viec t l frdi ddt niii sdng da frd thdnh nghi thiie ehinh thdng vd quon Tap ehi Glao due so (kt a • 9/aoia) frpng md cdc Isdc d l vuong iudn quon tdm vd ttidn frpng Chdng hpn, le te Trdi Ddt (Phong Thien) id le te Idn nhd't md ede d l vuong Trung Hoa xua thye hien, le t l ndy thudng dupe eu hdnh frgn dinh cdc ngon nui; eii hdnh II t l tren nui Id each d l ngudi flip egn dupe vdl thdn llnh, ddng thdi vigc di Ign nui eung Id cdch bilu hien Idng thdnh kinh Ngodi l i t e , tdp tyc I I Tit ciio ngudi Trung Hoa eung Id mpt sy f h l hign nhu fhl Ngodi Tit Trimg Duong vdo ngdy 9/9 dm ljch (edn gpl Id Tit thu du Tit hoa cue) Id ngdy Tit ddc biet quon frpng Trong ngdy ndy, ngudi to ed top hjc dl choi frgo nui, ngdm hoo cue, deo thu du (iogi dupe thdo huong mom ddm dd), udng rupu hoa cue, dn bdnh ngpl Theo truyin thuyet, dupe thdn llnh bdo frude, vdo / , mdt ngudi ndng ddn hiln Idnh ehd't phdc dd kjp thdi duo ed gio dinh Ign mdt dinh nui coo de frdnh dupe mpt frdn dpi hod hoan dudi ehdn nui Vi vdy, ngudi Trung Hoo ed tdp tyc frgo nui frong ngdy ndy, mong frdnh dupe mpl tai hog, hon nira, viec frgo len dinh nui vdo ngdy Trung Duong cdn gpi din khdng sum hpp gio dinh dm cimg Tir dd md «ddng cao vgng vien", «ddng cao nodi ed" dupe duo vdo thi CO nhdm bilu hign ngt vdn hod etio ngudi Trung Hoa Cd f h l li gidl dilu ndy qua Hodng Hgc lau tdng Mgnh Hga Nhlin ehl Qudng Ldng Clio Ly Bpeh, Hodng hgc IducCia Thdi Hlfu, Khui odn eiia Vuong Xuong Llnh Tdm thi/c VH Bdn ehdt cuo VH Trung Hoo Id VH ndng nghiep, ngn eon ngudi phy thude rdt nhllu vdo thign nhign; Kr dd, ngudi Trung Hoo ed edeh ting xu rdt hdo ddng, ddn hinh thdnh tdm ii sd'ng hdo thudn, nuong fyo vdo thign nhign Dilu dd li gidi vi frong fho Dudng, thign nhien vd eon ngudi ludn dupe dijf frong mdi quon he tuong glao hdi hda, vd cdnh gidl coo nhd't eua nghg thudt tho Dudng Id dgt tdi sy thdng nhdt Krygf dd'l glOa eon ngudi vd thign nhign Trong tho, tinh cdnh ed f h l Krong sinh (giup nhou eiing ndy nd), gloo dung (Idng vdo nhau), khd tdeh rdi vd dieu hpp vd hpn Trong tho Dudng, t h i gidi ciio cdnh sdc thien nhien hda digu eiing the gidl ciio tdm finh edm xue frpng thai thi nhdn Thdi dp cuo eon ngudi vdi the gidi khdeh quan khdng phdi Id thdi dp cuo ehii the vdi khdeh f h l , dd Id fim thd'y bdn than minh t h i gidi bgn ngodi, edm thy vu fry nhu Id ehii thi Cdch ling xu cua eon ngudi vdl thign nhign frong tho Dudng mong ddu dn sdu sdc ciia ldm thuc Dqo gia - Dpo gido frong fruyin thdng vdn hod Tap ehi Glao due so (ki a 9/aoia) Trung Hoo Vi vdy, fho Dudng, thi nhdn thi «ditdm tiip vdt, td vdt bleu tdm" (Id'y tdm d l Hep vdt, mupn vdt de bleu tdm), edn cdnh sdc fy nhign thi hinj linh, hiru tinh, hiru finh Chung to cd the khai thdc tdm thiie ndy frong todn bd cdc isdi tho Dudng dupe duo vdo chuong trinh Tu nghg thudt Todn IDO nIn vdn hod dae sdc ciia Trung Hoa ludn chju dnh hudng eiia fruyin thdng Kr tfid'm mT phuong Ddng, khde biet hodn todn vdi truyen thdng fu thdm mT phuong Tdy, tpo ngn sy ddc sdc nghg thudt phdi cdnh ciio thi nhdn md tpo thdnh «thi trung hOu hga, hga trung hifu thi" (frong tho ed hpo, hoa ed tho) Cdc fhl nhdn dd tpo dyng nhirng khdng gian chieu, vira coo, vira sdu, vuo rdng md, vira frung diep nhdm thdu tdm cdl todn ven, hodn chinh ciio cdnh sdc thign nhien frong mdi biie tranh tho, f h l hien khdf vpng chilm Ifnh ehinh the todn ven ciia khdng gian vO try - bilu hien sdu sdc cuo tinh hodn ehinh frong Kr nghg thudt phuong Ddng Dudi ddi mdt Clio ede hpo gia - fhl nhdn ddi Dudng, nui non sdng sudi ehinh Id sy sdng vd ehuyin ddng Clio vu fry khdng eung, todn ven md ngudi ludn khdf khao chilm tinh Dilm nhin hiru linh, hiKi finh, hiKi y ciio hp cd the too nen nhi/ng khdng gian hodn ehinh sinh ddng, rye rd mdi Ip, ddy hop ddn vd gpi nhieu llgn Krdng phong phu Chdng hgn, frong Vgng Lusan bdc bd- Ly Bgch - Ngir vdn 7: «Nhdtchiiu Huong Ld sinh luyin/ Dao khan bgc bd'qudl tiin xuyin/Phl luu true hd tam thlin xlch/Nghl thj Ngdn Hd lgc cuu thien" Djch nghTo: «Mdt trdi chliu nui Huang Ld, sinh Idn khdl tla/Xa nhin ddng thdc treo trin ddng sdng phia trudc/Thdc chdy nhu bay dd thdng xudng tir ba nghin thudc/Ngd Id sdng Ngdn rai ty chin tdng mdy) (Tuong Nhu djch) Vg mgnh mang, hiing vTcua nui vd nude frong bdi tho khiln eon ngudi frd ngn tjg nhd, nhung ehinh eon ngudi be nhd dy Igi ehl ngu dupe edi f h l cuo nui sdng Todn ven than thdi eiia thign nhien d ddy da dupe thu vdo tdm mdt cuo thi nhdn, mong frong minh nhung udc vpng khdn eung, ehi quo vdi net ve, eon ngudi bdi tho dd ddm dy phdn vdo too tdc vu fry Vu fry dy chi ed f h l dupe thy edm qua sy hod nhap thdng nhd't eiia nhilu gide quon chii khdng chi Id gdc nhin Clio mpt thj aide Vd kit qud ciio sy hda nhdp, thdng nhd't den cao dp giira fdm finh ngudi vdi khdng gian vu fry Id nhCrng y cdnh nghe thudf frong fhl CO # Trong thi co, y cdnh nghe thudf dupe xem Id myc dich thdm mT tdi coo md ede fhl nhdn theo dudi, nen md'l quon he gluo finh y ehii quon vd cdnh vdt khdeh quan thudng dupe quon tdm sdu sdc Cho ngn, thdm binh eho thdu edi hoy cuo tho Dudng Id viee khdng he don gidn, ehi ed sy Hnh te edm nhdn vd phong phu ilgn tudng mdi phdf hien dupe nhung Tign kit ngdm md nhd fho kin ddo giii sou edi vd cuo ngdn h> Nhpn djnh rdng, fho Dudng cd't neu len tinh thdng nhd't, md finh thdng nhd't ehii y l u Id thdng nhd't giira ngudi vdi thign nhien Id mdt nhdn djnh ed cdn cii vd khd chinh xdc Song dgt d i n finh thdng nhd't dy khdng h i don gidn, thi nhdn phdi ed duyen vd tdi frong viec sii dyng nhirng phuong thirc nghe thudt hinh thdnh ngn sy hod ddng fir the ddi ldp, mdu thudn ciio cdc hinh tuong fho Cdch too dyng nhung cd'u fruc hdi hda dy ehinh id edeh cdu hi Clio fho, ede fhl nhdn hit sue d l eao tuong quon giira thyeva hu, dgngvd fTnh Cdu tu ehung Clio fho CO (cd cdc ngdnh nghe thudf khde nhu hdi hoa, thu phdp, digu khde, am nhge, vu dgo ) d i u diing cdl hu finh d l ndm bdt thdn khi, phong cd't vgn vdt Vdi cdc thi nhdn nghg sT, hu chinh Id thye, md ddng chinh Id flnh, ddy Id hoi kilu cd'u fir f h l hien rd nhirng ddc frung nghe thudt fho Dudng TTnh dg tu, Vgng Lu san bgc bd, Phong Kliu dg bgc, Hodng hge Idu, Hodng hge idu tdng Mgnh Hga Nhlin chi Qudng Ldng, Khui odn, Diiu minh gidn Id nhirng bdi tho cd kilu cdu hi Ng* vdn 10 (t9p 1) NXB Gido diic Viit Nam H.20I1 Tdi li^u tham khdo Trdn Le Bao Gidi mi vSn hyc tdr md vdn hda NXB Dpi hpc qude gia Hd Ndi, 2011 D6 Thi Hi Giang "Tha son thuy deri Dirtlmg" Lu$n vSn lh?c si Trudng Dpi hpc suphpm Hd Ndi, 2001 ^ Ng* vdn (tap I) NXB Gido d^c Viit Nam, H.20il iviind maps help grade students studying well the subject of Vietnamese writtlng The program of grade Vietnamese composlslon includes kinds of sessions: getting new knowledge and revision Using IVIind mops, students brainstorm and think creatively, to be Interested in practice, then the capacity of expression and quality of writing Improved SUMMARY Approaching culture to teach the TANG POETRY is to put the works in cultural space of the TANG and the cultural traditions of China, to highlight the copious culture aspects in the works, to exploit the works In various angles In order to access all the beauty of the works and their Important meanings In human life With some Tang poetries In secondary school, we should decode the cultural traditions of China In several aspects: linguistics, philosophy, religion, manners and customs, culture, art thoughts to find out special (strong) points of the Tang poetry, the uniques of bards' thoughts and to confirm the complete value of each work Day hoc phan mon (Tlip theo trang 34) Tdi lifu tham khdo Tony Buzan Sa dd tir NXB Tdng hpp TP HSCht Minh 200S Tony Buzan Sa dd tu NXB Tdng hpp TP H6 Chi Minh 2009 Tony Buzan Ldp bdn 66 tir NXB Lao ddng Xd h0i.U 201 \ Trdn Dinh Chdu - D$ng Thj Thu Thiiy "Sir dyng ban d6 tu g