NGHICNCOUIBOI TIEP CAN TiCH HOP CHUDNG TRINH GIANG DAY MON TOAN d TRUDNG PHO THONG 1 H i p can tich hpp chuong tr inh g l i ng day Tich hpp chuong trinh gi lng day l i mdt trong nhdng quan d i lm gi i[.]
NGHICNCOUIBOI TIEP CAN TiCH HOP CHUDNG TRINH GIANG DAY MON TOAN d TRUDNG PHO THONG TllS.NGUY£NTH£sdN Tnrtno THPT Hin Thuylo - Bic Ninh H i p can tich hpp chuong trinh g l i n g day Tich hpp chuong trinh g i l n g day l i mdt nhdng quan d i l m g i i o dye trd t h i n h xu t h i xiy dyng ehuong trinh gling day d n h i trudng phd thdng nhilu nude t r i n t h i gidi TheoTd d i l n Gilo dye hoc (Nhi Xuit b i n Td d i l n Bach Khoa - 2001, trang 383), tich hop gido due Id hdnh ddng liin kit cde doi tugng nghiin ciiu, gidng dgy, hgc tdp eua cdng mdt linh vUc hodc vdi linh vyt khdc cdng mdt ki hoach dgy hgc Day hpc tfch hpp (DHTH) d c khoa hoe duoe UNESSCO [3] cnnh nghTa \^:'m6tcdch trinh bdycdckhdi niim vd nguy&i ll khoa hgc cho phip diin dgt sg thdng nhdt cabdn cda tutudng khoa hoc, trdnh qud nhdn mgnh hodc qud sdm susai khdc giCta cdc linh vyt khoa hgc khdc nhau" Theo hudng tfch hpp, Xavier Roegiers [10] cho ring: Gilo due nha trudng phii chuyin don thuin t d day hpc k i l n thdc sang p h i t t r i l n d hpc sinh (HS) cic ning lyc hinh ddng, xem n i n g lye l i " k h i i n i l m cosd" Clia khoa su phgm tich hpp Trong dd, sU phgm tfch hpp l i mdt quan n i l m v l q u i trinh hpe t i p , n h i m gdp phin hinh thinh dHS nhdng n i n g luc cu t h i cd d y tfnh tafdc nhdng d i l u kiln d n t h i l t cho HS, n h i m phuc vu cho q u i trinh hpc t i p sau n i y tioie n h i m hda n h i p HS v i o eude sdng lao ddng Xavier Roegiers chf eich tfch hpp mdn hoc chia t h i n h nhdm tdn: Nhdm 1: Dua nhdng dng dyng chung cho n h i l u mdn hpe (dupc thyc h i l n d cudi mdi nam, mdi d p hpc hole thuc h i l n d nhdng thdi d i l m d i u dan nam hpc) Nhdm Phdi hpp q u i ft-lnh hpc t i p cOa nhilu mdn hpe khic (bing d e di t i i tfch hpp hole b i n g d c tinh hudng tich hpp) [10] V I vai trd cOa tdng mdn hpc rilng r l v i mdi quan h i tudng tie giito chiing, D>lainaut [4] d l chf quan dilm khic ddi vdi tich hpp mdn hpc dd ti don mdn, da mdn, liln mdn v l xuyln mdn Robin Fogarty d l tdng hpp v i chi 10 d c h tfch hpp khic chuong trinh gilng dgy (theo ba dang chfnh: chia thinh cic mdn hpc rilng re, tfch hpp xuyln mdn, bing v l thdng qua v i ^ hpc) [7], rJIm 2007, Susan M Drake da chira ring d e mdn hpc dupc x i y dyng ttieo mdc dd tfch hpp tang din, dya t r i n chuin, gdm: Taiyen thdng, k i t hpp Idng ghip, tich hpp da mdn, tfch hpp lien mdn, tfch hpp xuyln mdn [9] Nhu vly, den tren t h i gidi cd nhilu nghiin cdu, nhilu d c h t i l p d n ve tich hop chuang (r)n/j gidng doy.Tuy nhiln, cd t h i thiy mdt sd hinh thdc co b i n v l tfch hpp chucmg trinh dgy hpc mdn Toin l i : Tich hgp ndi bd mdn hgc (tich hop doe), dua trin ca sd liin kit hai hodc nhiiu phdn mdn thudc cOng mdt linh vyt hgc tdp, hodc mdt s6 linh vac gdn Khi t h i l t k l chuong trinh gilng dgy nhu truyin thdng, (dya t r i n mdn hpe, tich eic chO di v i cie khda hpc thinh eic mdn/nginh rilng bilt), thi v i ^ lilt k l v i sip x i p d e chO di, ndi dung kiln thdc v i ki ning d l cd t h i td chdc day hpc theo h i thdng thd ty uu t i l n vdi mdi chO di dd, dugc xem l i tfch hpp ndi bd mdn hpe T7c/i hgp xuyen mdn (tich hop ngang), daa trin ca sd liin ket cde doi tugng hoc tdp thudc cdc linh vutkhoa hoc khdc nhau, hogc tich hgp cdc kindng nhdn thCfc, cdm xuc; vdn dgng vd Ctng xd, Vdi md hinh niy thi d c chO d l v i cic b i i hoc/don vi hpc thudc cic ITnh vyc khoa hoe dupc day ddc tip, nhung chOng d\igc bd trf v i sip xIp theo trinh ty di cung elp mdt khung cho nhdng ndi dung (hoc van) cd liln quan, nhim dat myc tilu dgy hpc Theo d c h niy, giio viln (GV) d c mdn hpc/ITnh vuc hpc d n sip x i p d c chO d l cho d c b i i hpe cd ndi dung tuong ddng I n khdp vdi • Tich hop bdng va thong qua viec hoc, dya t r i n CO sd vile hpc cOa d nhln, b i n ngddi hoc Hinh thdc tfch tipp niy cd t h i thue hiln qua: dim minh, ( l i tap trung v i o tat e l d e ndi dung chuong trinh gilr>g dgy, dga tren suquan t i m v i y kiln eua gidi chuyin mdn, dd, tfch hpp dupc d i l n b i n ngddi hpc, cdn su can thiep ben ngoii ft hoac khdng cd); hole theop/iiAfti^p/idp n&mgng, (HS hoin t o i n la trung t i m , cd the tudinh hudng q u i trinh tfch hcfp, dd, ngUdi hpc hieu b i l t v l chO d i cOa hp v i ed t h i ty dinh hudng trpng t i m , dya t r i n ngudn dd lilu d n t h i l t cd c i mdn hpc v l xuyln d c mdn hpc) Tfch hc^ d c mdn hpe nhim hinh thinh v i phit triln ning lye chung cho HS nhy; ning lyc gill quylt v l n di, nang lyc thu t h i p v i xd If thdng tin, nang lyc sing tgo, die b i l t l i nang lye v i n dyng kiln thdc v i o ddi sdng thuc tien Vi vly, day I I v l n di d p t h i l t dgy hpe GV d n t i n g cUdng eic mdi liln h$ liln mdn (vf du mdn Toin vdi mdn Lf, Hda, Sinh hoc ) Xu hudng phd biln hon c l vile v l n dung tfch hpp chucmg trinh gilng dgy cOa d c nude t r i n t h i gidi II tfch hpp d e ndi dung khic mdn hpc thfch hpp v l dupc t h i hiln dudi d c hinh thdc nhu^ Mdt b i i / Sfi82*THANG7/2012*19 £ Q | NGHl£NC(iU_ muc rilng, Idng ghip, liln h i Di hd trp GV gilng day, ndi dung chuong trinh ehl rd dja chf Idng ghIp, quy djnh chuyin d l md rdng D i l u quan trpng I I GV d n ed y thdc v i n dyng linh hogt tdng d i l u ki|n cy t h i V l tfch hpp chuong trinh g i l n g day mdn J o i n trUdng phd thdng d nddc ta -dcdpfjlu/jpctrudc n i m 1981,mdn Hpc tinh dupc dgy xuyln sudt n i m cOa elp hpc vdi chd d l chinh, etiu ylu cung d p nhdng kiln thdc eo bin, h|thdng, sip xIp hpp 11 theo eic mdc dd td d l d i n khd, td cy t h i d i n tnflj tupng v i d i quan t i m d i n vi|c r i n cie kT ning thyc hinh, v|n dyng vio ddi sdng thyc tiln Tuy nhiln, ndi dung v l n cdn n|ng n l , chua thyc sy phd hpp vdi ddi tupng HS thdi Idpng cho phip, mdt sd ndi dung v l n cdn trung l|p, chug t h i hi|n dupc su t i l p ndi gida elp t i l u hpc v i tnjng hpc eo sd (elp II cu), ehua t i l p ein dupe vdi nhdng quan d i l m dgy hpc hi|n dgi, ddcdquandilmtlch hpp.Giai dogn 1981-2011, dTilu hoc mdn Hpe tinh ed t i n gpi mdi l i mdnToin v i khdng chia thinh d c phin mdn; cd mgch ndi dung chfnh (gdm sd hpc dgi lupng v i dai lupng, y l u td dai sd, y l u td hinh hoc giii b i i t o i n cd Idl vln) Vile xiy dyng ndi dung mdn Toin d t i l u hpc giai dogn n i y d l thdng nhit v l quan dilm v l cd sd khoa hpc chuin bj cho tich hpp ndi bd mdnToin Giai dogn td n i m 2002 d i n nay, mdn Toin cd mgch ndi dung (gdm sd hpe vdi sy tich hpp cOa mdt sd y l u td dgi sd v l mdt sd y l u td thdng k^ dgi lupng v i dgi lupng, y l u td hinh hpc, giii b i i t o i n cd tdi vin), y l u ^ sd hpc l i hgt nhln cOa t o i n bd chaong trinh, d c mgch ndi dung cdn Igi dupe sip xIp xen k l tdng "vdng sd"; trd thinh chddng trinh ddng t i m , hpp II gdm d c "vdng sd" ndi t i l p nhau, md rdng d i n theo kilu ' x o l n dc" Hiln nay, nf>dn Toin d d p tilu hpc d l tdng bude t i n dung nhdng t h i mgnh ciia mdn hoc, dd c d d c kiln thdc ban d i u v l tiidng k l , die b i l t l i cic b i i t o i n ed Idi v l n ti-ong sich giio khoa (SGK) Toin, nhim gdp phin cOng d c mdn hpc khic giio dye cho HS ning lyc phit hiln v i gill quylt nhdng v l n d l eude sdng thyc g i n gOi, nhu; giio due d i n sd, b i o v | mdi trudng, an toin giao thdng, giio dye sdc khde, gidi tinh.- Cd t h i xem d i y l i sy chuin bi tfch eye d l ' t i e h hgp xuyln mdn: Tuy nhiln, cho d i n vile "tfch hpp xuyln mdn' cdn nhilu hgn ch^ m i nguyin nhln chfnh l i ehua cd sy phdi hpp glOa cie mdn hpc sogn t h i o v i bUn sogn SGK v i ngudn tu lilu phyc vy cho tfch hpp xuyln mdn cdn nghlo n i n v l d ndi dung l l n hinh thilc b i n t h i n GV cung ehua thyc sy chO ddng vile t i l p nh$n v l elp nhit d c ndi dung v l tfch hpp xuyln mdn - 6cdp tnjng hoc casd, giai dogn trudc n i m 2006, mdn Toin dope chia t h i n h cic p h i n mdn, ndi dung chUdng trinh ehua t i l p c i n nhilu vdi quan d i l m h i l n dgi, tich hpp, chO y l u I I t i n g cudng dng dyng thyc 20*KHOAHgCBUlODVC t i l n , Illn mdn thdng qua eic vf dy v i b i i t|p Giai doar sau n i m 2006, nhilu ndi dung d l t i n g cudng tfiic hinh dng dyng, t i n g cUdng thyc tiln, liln mdn ChSnj hgn;Trong SGK mdnToin Idp 9, t i p 2, d tilt - Phuong trinh b|e hai mdt I n , b i i t o i n m d d i u cd ndi dung thul: t l l n n h i m x i y dyng tinh hudng d i n tdi phuong trinh b|e hai, Myc "Cd t h i em chUa b i l t " (trang 46) d i chi d e eich gill phuang trinh b|e hai cOa: ngUdi Ba-bl-k)ri ngddi Trung Qudc; gidi t h i | u n h i t o i n hpc Bra - magup - ta v i n h i b i c hpc An Khd-va-ri-zmi, chtnh I I ddi n i n g cao v l n hda Toin hpe qua b i i dpc cQng d l tidi hpp mdt sd ndi dung Ljch Sd, Dja IIcho HS Nhuv|y,i;6 t h i t h i y mdn Toin d l budc d i u tilp c i n quan d\^ tich hpp; chO y l u thdng qua cie vf du v i b i i t|p, vitIA hpp ndi bd mdn hpe ^ - d cdp trung hoc phd thdng, giai dogn tnidc r n 2006, chuong trinh mdn Toin v l eo b i n gdm c ^ p h i n mdn chinh (Sd hpc Hinh hpc Lupng giic) Sv tfch hpp dupe t h i hi$n chd y l u qua tfch hpp giOick p h i n mdn dd v i ddi ehiit dng dyng v i o thyc tUn, l&i mdn tgi mdt sd thdi d i l m Ching hgn, dng dyng l u ^ giic hinh hpc (khi tinh t h i tfch, d i l n t(ch);i^ dyng lupng giic chimg minh b i t d i n g thdc^S phucmg trinh, b i t phucmg trinh; Nhdng ndi dungn^ dupc dgy chfnh khda, theo chuong trinh v i SGK hi^ hinh Giai dogn t d sau n i m 2006 d i n nay, biSn soan SGK d c t i c g i l da tich hpp p h i n mdn Lupng gft v i o hai p h i n mdn Dgi sd v l Hinh hpc Ngoii ra, oDii x u i t hiln t h i m mpt sd mgch kiln thdc khic nhuQSi tfch, Xic suit - T h d n g k^ Sd phdc P h U ( ^ phip tpa dd mat p h i n g v i khdng gian NhUv^ ngoii nhdng ndi dung tich hpp dupe k l thdatn/dcd^ mdt sd chO d l d i dupc tfch h