PHAT TRIEN CHl/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC DAI HOC THEO HUONG T I C H HOP O ThS D O TH^ HUNG Chuong frinh (CT) Id sy i h l hien tdp frung quon nigm, Kr Krdng vd npi dung gido dye; qudn frigt phuong chdm, myc H[.]
PHAT TRIEN CHl/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC DAI HOC T H E O HUONG T I C H HOP O ThS D O TH^ HUNG C huong frinh (CT) Id sy i h l hien tdp frung quon nigm, Kr Krdng vd npi dung gido dye; qudn frigt phuong chdm, myc Hgu ddo Ipo, qua dd quylt dinh chd't lupng gido dye Tuy nhien, nhilu ndm quo, edng tdc nghien ciiu vd irng dyng frong phdt triln chuong frinh gido dye (CTGD) ehua dupe quan tdm dung mire, edn thilu dpi ngu chuygn glo ed nghl Cdu hdi dat ro dd'l vdl cdc frirdng dpi hpc vd ede nhd nghign ciiu Id «cdn phdt triln CTGD nhu t h i ndo cho phii hpp vdl xu t h i ddi mdi gido dye hien nhdm ddp iing nhu cdu xd hdi?" Bdi viet ndy d l edp mpt quon dilm djnh hudng hien dpi, frd thdnh mdt xu t h i mdi dupe nhllu nude frgn the gidi (trong dd ed Vigt Nam) quon Idm nghien eiiu, irng dyng - dd id phdt triin CTGD theo hudng tinh llgn thdng giira ede chuygn ngdnh, cdc frinh dp vd sy «mlm dgo" ciia qud frinh ddo tpo Ddc h'nh quan frpng cOo CTGDTH Dien hinh ciio quon dilm tich hpp frong phdt friln chuong frinh gido dye kT thudt Id md hinh «CDIO" [Conceive: hinh thdnh y Krdng; Design: thilt k l ; Implement frien khoi; Operate: v^n hdnh) Id mpt nhirng edeh Hip edn hi^u qud, dang dupe triln khai van dyng d hon 50 frudng dgi hpc trgn the gidl nhdm ddp ling nhu cdu eiia cdc doanh nghiep vd ede bgn llgn quon khde frong viee ndng coo khd ndng tilp thu cdc kiln thiie co bdn Clio SV, dong thdi ddy mgnh vl§c hpc cdc kT ndng cd nhdn vd gloo tilp, kT ndng kiln tgo sdn phd'm, quy frinh vd he thdng Ddy Id mdt phuong phdp lugn giup gidl quylt dupe hai vdn d l then tlchhqpm chdt Id: dgy SV vd'n di gi (kiln thire, kT ndng vd Theo Ti> dl^n fllfng Vl§t, TH (Intergated) id thdi dp, ) vd Idm thi ndo diSVtlnh hgi dugc tri «sy gdn kit ede vdt thi nhd li thdnh mdt khdl thuc Md hinh «CDIO" dya trgn chud'n ddu ro thdng nhdt; si/k^ nil cdc thdnh phdn mdt hi thdng ciia moi ngdnh nghl, mdi frudng di thilt k l cdc tgo nin hi thing todn bg" (1); edn Ti> dl^n Anh chuong trinh gido dye ed tinh TH, khuyin khieh - Vl$t djnh nghTo TH Id «kit hop edi gi dd dind phuong phdp TH, chii ddng, hpc frdi nghiem eiia hodn todn trd thdnh mdt bd phdn eua cdl khde: SV nhdm dpi dupe ygu cdu eua ngdnh ddo Igo D l xudng «CDIO" da gidi thieh cy i h l co sd li hgp nhdt, hda nhdp" (2) TH khdng phdi id «ddt cpnh nhau", ilgn kit vdi md id sy «xdm iudn eho mdt CTGDTH, ngu Ign nhirng ddc tinh nhdp, "^on xen' cdc dd'l tupng hoy cdc bp phdn quan cOa mdt chuong trinh gido dye TH cuo dd'l hrpng vdo tgo thdnh mdt chinh i h l (4),(5) Dd id: Trong gido dye thudng ed hoi kilu tich hpp: TH - CTGD dupe to chiic xoay quanh cdc chuygn dgevd TH ngang xung quanh mdt ehii de (3) ngdnh; tdi cdu fruc soo eho cdc chuygn ngdnh ed Theo chung tdi, phdt friln CTGD dpi hpc theo t h i kit nd'l vd hd frp Idn hon, khdng tdeh rdi hudng TH Id thiet k l mpt chuong trinh cd cd'u vd ddc ldp vdi true ndi dung dupe xdy dyng trgn co so ciia - Cdc kT ndng ed nhdn vd glao Hip; ki ndng chud'n kiln thiic, kT ndng, thai dp phu hpp vdl kiln tpo sdn phd'm; quy frinh vd hg thdng dan ygu cdu Clio edng viee, dupe cy t h i bdng nhung xen chdt che vdo ede mdn hpc mang tinh hd frp module/mdn hpc vd nhung dy dn hpc tdp ed sy Idn nhdm gidi quylt mdu thudn «Hlm dn" TH vd chuyin tdi duoc he ihd'ng ndng lyc cdn giira chuygn mdn kT thudt vd nhirng kr ndng ndy hinh thdnh d ngudi hpc mpt cdch hg thdng, frpn - Mdi mdn hpc (hodc frdi nghigm hpc tdp) ddt ven Sy TH ndy ddm bdo vira khde phye dupe sy ro ede wchudn ddu ra" cy i h l v l : kiln thiic chuygn rdi rge, ddc lap eiio vi^c frang bj hg thdng kiln thiic vdl kTndng, thai dp nghl nghigp; vuo hao * TntMK B^i kK »r pka* Id tli««t Nng Yti Tap ehi Glao due so (ki a • >/aoia) ngdnh; ede kT ndng (ed nhdn vd giao Hip, kiln tgo sdn phd'm); quy frinh, hg thdng, nhdm ddm bdo SV CO dupe nIn hing phii hpp vol frd ngudi kT su Krong lai Trong qud frinh phdt friln CTGD dpi hpc hign nay, ede nhd nghign ciiu vira chu frpng vdo ndi dung vd cdu fruc CT, vuo quon tdm d i n ddi mdi qud frinh ddo tpo vd dd'l mdi PPDH, ddng thai d l edp d i n phuong Hgn dgy hoc cung nhu quy frinh ddnh gid, xdc nhdn kit qud hpc tdp Nhu vpy, Hnh TH ciio CT se i h l hign d cd ndi dung, cd'u fruc vd phuong thiie ddo tgo - cy i h l : - Nhdn mgnh d i n vigc tgo ro cdc dy dn hoc tgp md d dd cd sy TH kiln thiie, kT ndng llgn ngdnh, da ngdnh vd ed nhirng kT ndng ed nhdn Thdng quo vige tham gio vdo cdc dy dn hpc tdp, ngudi hpc dupe phdt triln bdn thdn, dupe frdi nghiem vd rgn luyen di hinh thdnh chud'n kien ihiie, kT ndng ddp iing ygu cdu cuo ngdnh ddo tgo vd eua xd hdi - Ngudn tri thire se khdng «ddng khung" frong khudn khd ciio cdc hpc phdn/mdn hpc md ludn cd xu hudng vupt ro ngodi sdch gido khoa, tgo ro tinh md hogt ddng nhdn thi/e - hge tap - CTGDTH giup cho vl$e nh^n thue - hgc tdp eua ngudi hge trd nin llnh hogt, mim dio han Ngudi hpc ehii ddng tham gia cdc nhdm gidi quylt ede dy dn hpc tgp, ede nhiem vy hpc tdp vd dupe ehu ddng sdng tpo thdng qua ede nhiem vy ed tinh «md", TH ede kT ndng chuygn mdn, nghl nghl$p ilgn ngdnh, ngdnh vd nhung kT ndng ed nhdn Ngudi hpc dupe khuyin khieh y thiie h/ idp gidl quylt vdn d l , ung dyng kien thiic thye l l vd xd hdi vdo qud trinh hpc tap, dupe tham gio vdo mpt qud trinh gido dye todn dien - Tgo dilu kign eho ngudi hpc dupe tham gia vdo cdc nhdm SV nhu: nhdm «cung chuygn ngdnh' gidl quylt cdc nhiem vy chuygn mdn hep, sdu; nhdm «llgn ngdnh" gidi quylt ede nhiem vy ddi hdi sy TH kiln thiic, kT ndng cua nhilu ngdnh; nhdm «da ngdnh" (nhllu dd hrdl, frinh dp) gidi quylt cdc nhigm vy dupe sy quon ldm vd each Hip cdn eiia nhieu ngdnh khoa hpc khde Cdc phuong phdp tig'p cdn frong phdt Min a C D T H 1) Phuang phdp tlip cdn da ngdnh (The Mulndisclpllnory Approach) nhdm xdy dyng mdt CTGD ed sy TH ede ngdnh/Hg'u ngdnh xung quanh mpl vd'n d l md nhllu ngdnh khoa hpc cCing quon tdm; hodc nhOng chu d l hpc top Tap ehi Gl^o due so (kt a 9/aoia) chung eho nhilu ngdnh md ngudi hoc cd t h i gidl quylt ehu d l trgn eo sd ede gdc dp khoa hpc khde (xem hinh 1) [6) Theo quan diem tig'p edn TH ngdnh (Multidiseiplinary IntegroHon), ngudi to eung ed the Igo nhirng ngdnh hoc song song frong mot CT DT (vi dy: ngdnh Vdn - Su; Vdn - Dja; Todn Ll; Co - Diin lu; Hda - Li, Hda - Sinh, Hda - Ddu, Tgi MT, hpc sinh thudng Hm hilu vdn hpc vd lich su nude nhd nhu ngdnh song song vdl vIgc nghign ciiu Krng giai dogn cy the ciio ijch su vd doe vdn hpc frong thdi ki dd (chdng hgn, cdc em se doe The Red Badge of Courage iDdng Hing Anh frong nghign ciru cude ndi chiln frong ljch su) Hinh Phuong phdp tlip can da ngdnh Trong TH ngdnh, ngudi to xdy dyng nhifrig ehii d l dya fren cdc iTnh vyc mdn hpc khde (thudng Id Kr mdn hpc frd Ign); cd t h i thu hut ngudi hpc d ede dp tudi khde nhau, ede Idp hoc khde hodc ed frudng eung tham gio thye hien frong cdc sinh hopt ngodi gid ign Idp Hogt dpng ndy dem lgi nhllu Ipl ich eho SV, giup cdc em dupe: idm viec vd cdng Idc vdi mpl ngudi frong mdt tap t h i da dpng ve nhdn thiie vd dd Kid'i (ede nhdm mulH age); frdi nghigm vd the hien sy hilu bilt sdu sdc vdn de mdi qud frinh khdm phd idu ddi ciio hp thdng qua nhCmg sdn phd'm frinh bdy dgng minh hpo eho ehii d l : video, md hinh, tranh iudn ; hpc tdp Idn vd hao ro hang hdi, hiing thu frong qud frinh kam viec cdng ddng 2) Phuong phdp tlip edn Ilin ngdnh (The Interdisciplinary Approach) nhdm xdy dyng mpt CT ed ddi tupng nhdn thuc - hpc top id nhirng chud'n k i l n thiic, kT ndng ehung eho n h i l u ngdnh/Hlu ngdnh cd llgn quon md friln khoi edn su dyng cdc chud'n kiln thire, kT ndng ehung da dupe TH frong CT (vi dy: TH sii dyng mdy tinh vdo CT gidng day eiia nhllu ngdnh llgn quon chir khdng phdi Id xdy dyng CT d l su dyng mdy tinh) CTTH llgn ngdnh (Interdisciplinary Integration) cd nhirng ehii d l , dy dn hoc tgp ygu cdu ngudi hpc phdi sii dyng kiln thiie cuo nhilu ngdnh/Hlu ngdnh d l gidi quyet, thiet lap sy kit ndi fri ihiie ciio nhllu ngdnh vdi vd tgo md'i quan h^, gdn kg't ehdt che giira tri thiic khoa hge vdl t h i gidi hi^n thye (7) (vi dy, ngudi to thudng TH kT nang dpc, vilt, gloo t i l p khoa hpc ngdn ngir hodc TH kiln thiie ijch su, djo li, kinh t l , hoy mpt CT nghign ciiu xa hdi, hoy TH sinh hoc, vdl li, hdo hoc, khoa hpc v l frdi ddt) Trong TH ilgn ngdnh edn xdc dinh nhirng kT ndng, khdi ni^m, ehu d l md vi^c rgn luygn, iTnh hdi ehiing ddi hdi ngudi hpc phdi su dyng kiln thiie, kT ndng cuo nhilu ngdnh khoa hpc Khi dd, CT dupe to chiic xung quanh nhOng ehii d l , dy dn hpc ldp ed tinh ilgn ngdnh (8) (xem hinh 2) (2) Tdrdi^n Anh Vift NXB Thudn Hod, 2002 (4) H6 Tin Nhyt - E)oin Thj Minh Trinh Cii cich vi xiy dyng chumig trinh dio t^o kl thuit theo phmmg phip tiip c#n "CDIO" NXB Dpi hpc qude gia, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2010 (5) Edward F Crawley - Johan Malmqvist - Sren stlund - Doris, Brodeur Retliinking Engineering Education The "CDIO" Approach, 2007 (6), (8) Susan M Drake - Rebecca C Burns Meeting Standards Through Integrated Curriculum, http:// www.ascd.org 2(X)4 (7) Http://cost.ua.edu SUMMARY How to develop education curriculum suitably to the educational innovation trend and to meet the demands of the society? That Is the question for all universities and researctiers with the foremost and impcxtant answer is tofindoutmore effective approaches in developing curriculum This article focuses on clarifying what Is integrated educational curriculum development, outstanding characteristics of an integrated educational curriculum and approaches in developing It Phat trien hanh vl (Tlip theo trang 17) dd lya chpn nhung HV de phdt triln eho HS, GV edn gidl thigu cho HS cdc HV ndy mdt edeh ed hg thdng • Hinh Phuong phdp tlip edn Ilin ngdnh Thye hign chii fruong doi mdi edn bdn vd todn dign nen gido dye nude md Dpi hdi Ddng Idn thii XI da d l ra, vigc qudn trigt, vdn dyng quon diem TH frong td chirc day hpc vd phdt frien CTGD id xu t h i Id't y l u hign Gido dye dpi hpc cdn col dd Id nhigm vy hdng ddu d l cd i h l thilt ke dupe nhung chuong frinh phii hpp vdl nhu cdu xd hdi, gdp phdn khdng ngung ndng cao chd't lupng gido dye todn dien ciio ede nhd frudng • (1), (3) Tiy diin tang Vift NXB Vdn hod, H 1993 Tii lif u tham khio I.M.N SacdacOp Tir cda hpc sinh NXB Gido due,H 1970 Robert - Marzano Nghf thuit vi khoa hpc d?y hpc (Nguyin HOu Chiu dich) NXB Gido difc Vi(t Nam, H 2011 Edward de Bono Teaching thinking Penguin Books, 1991 Danton J Adventures in thinking Australia: Thomas Nelson, 1985 Fisher R Teaching children to think Brazil, 1990 SUMMARY This article mentions some of ways of the teachers to develop the student's behavior to create a thinking ckjssroom Tlie artkle while confkmlng wtien teactiers have had ways to develop their teaching strategies as well as ways to develop the student's t>ehavk>r appropriately, and students to practice their acts In a sustainctity manner then the thinking classroom win tie realty formated and developed Tap ehi Glao due so cin a - 9/aeia) ... ngdnh md ngudi hoc cd t h i gidl quylt ehu d l trgn eo sd ede gdc dp khoa hpc khde (xem hinh 1) [6) Theo quan diem tig''p edn TH ngdnh (Multidiseiplinary IntegroHon), ngudi to eung ed the Igo nhirng... 2002 (4) H6 Tin Nhyt - E)oin Thj Minh Trinh Cii cich vi xiy dyng chumig trinh dio t^o kl thuit theo phmmg phip tiip c#n "CDIO" NXB Dpi hpc qude gia, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2010 (5) Edward F Crawley... an integrated educational curriculum and approaches in developing It Phat trien hanh vl (Tlip theo trang 17) dd lya chpn nhung HV de phdt triln eho HS, GV edn gidl thigu cho HS cdc HV ndy mdt