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GOP PHAN NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOG TROYfN NGAN VIET NAM 1930 1945 (CHOllNi; TIlNH H G O V A N H ) O NGUYEN THI THU H I 6 N * Bdu fh l ki XX, nen vdn hgc phdt trien mgnh me fheo hudng hien dgi hda, Idm[.]
GOP PHAN NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOG TROYfN NGAN VIET NAM 1930-1945 (CHOllNi; TIlNH O du f h l ki XX, nen vdn hgc phdt trien mgnh me fheo hudng hien dgi hda, Idm nen nhifng thdnh tyu rye ro gioi dogn 1930-1945, dgc bift vdi the logi truyen ngdn Ddi voi gido vien (GV) Ngu vdn, viec tgo dugc «dn fugng" sdu sdc cho hge sinh (HS) tiet hge ve fruyf n ngdn thye sy Id mgt thu thdeh, nhd't Id dd'i vdi nhifng fruyf n ngdn kit tinh cd ve gid frj ngi dung Idn gid trj nghf thudt nhu truyfn ngdn hifn dgi Vift Nam giai dogn 1930-1945 Bdi viet d l xud't mdt vdi bifn phdp cy the nhdm gdp phdn ndng coo hifu qud dgy hgc truyfn ngdn Viet Nam gioi dogn ndy Phdn dgc, tim hieu v l tdc g i d , GV thudng cung cd'p eho HS nhung kien thifc co bdn ve tieu su, ngudi, sy nghifp vdn hgc, quan diem nghe thudt, qud trinh sdng fdc vd tdc phdm chfnh cuo fdc gid dy Tuy nhien, ed mgt thyc te Id sou ede bdi hgc v l fdc phdm hay tdc gid , so HS khdng neu dugc nhifng net chfnh ve sy nghiep vdn ehuong, net ndi bdt ve phong cdch nghf thudt cuo tde gid dd Vd'n de dgt ro Id GV edn ldm gi de phdn gidi thifu tde gid sinh ddng, de nhd hon? Kinh nghiem cho thdy, su lien hf, suy ludn mang tinh logic giifa fdc phdm, thdi dgi, hodn cdnh sdng tdc, cudc ddi, cd finh nhd vdn vdi quan diem sdng fdc vd nhi/ng ddng gdp nghf thudt cua nhd vdn Id rd't quon frgng Chdng hgn, vdi tde gid Thgch Lam, GV cd the dgt edu hdi: Cd tinh Thgch Lam ed tdc ddng, dnh hudng din ngi dung sang tac vd phong edeh nghi thudt eua dng khong? HS se lien tudng vd suy ludn fu tde phdm, hodn cdnh xud't thdn, md'i quon hf gia dinh, ngudi thdn cua Thgch Lam, nhd't Id ed tinh Thgch Lam: «ngudi ddn hdu vd rd't ddi finh t l " ( ; fr.94) de Idm sdng Id ndi dung sdng tde vd dgc trung phong cdeh eiJa tdc gid: «fruyfn khdng ed chuyfn, ehu yeu khai thdc the gidi ndi tdm cuo nhdn vgf vdi nhifng edm xue mong manh, mo hd cudc sdng thudng ngd/", «Mol fruyfn cua Thgch Lam nhu mdt bdi B HGOVANH) NGUYEN THI THU H I N * tho trif finh, gigng dieu diem dgm nhung chuo dyng biet boo tinh edm men yeu chdn fhdnh vd sy nhgy cdm cua tdc gid " (1; tr.94) Nhu vgy, bdng cdch neu vd'n d l , hudng HS khoi thde kien thifc CO bdn ve cudc ddi, sy nghifp vdn hgc, quan diem nghf thudt cuo fdc gid, GV giup HS rut nhirng nhgn xet neu bdt dgc trung sdng tdc cua nhd vdn dy Vdi cdch Idm ndy, HS bilt van dyng kiln thuc dd cd, biet lien hf fodn difn (cd tinh - eon ngudi - sy nghifp vdn chuong ) d l hinh thdnh d'n h/gng cd dgng, sdu sdc ve fdc gid D l tgo chd't tinh vd dgng eho tirng fdc gid, GV cd the su dyng thoo tdc so sdnh Vi dy, so sdnh Nguyen Tudn vdi Thgch Lam, neu Thgch Lam sdng don hdu, tdc phd'm Id nhifng bdi tho trif tinh ehua ddy nhifng rung edm tinh ti', thi Nguyen Tudn mang net cd tinh «ngdng", «ham me xi djeh", say me tim cdi dep, van phong ihe hifn sy trou ehud't kT ludng, tfnh uyen bdc Trong phdn fim hieu v l fdc gid, GV ciing cdn van dyng phucmg phdp ljch su, tue Id dd'i chilu tifng giai dogn Idn cuo cudc ddi, dde diem sdng tdc cuo fdc gid vdi hodn ednh Ijeh su dd't nude de thdy nhifng thay ddi ro net ve quan diem, ndi dung sdng fdc cuo tdc gid dy Vi dy: dgy hgc v l fdc gio Nguyen Tudn: Trude Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, hodn cdnh dd't nude bj thyc ddn Phdp dd hd, thdn phdn ngudi nghf sT khdng thodt khdi finh cdnh chung cuo ngudi ddn mgt nude nd If Buc cdnh trude hodn ednh, Nguyin Tudn «ed' y lay cdi «tdi" tdi hoo, ngdng nghf nh ciia minh d l dd'i ldp vdi xd hdi tdm thudng, phdm tyc" (1; tr.108) Nhung sou Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, ciing vdi chd't nghe sT, tdi ndng dde ddo, khdng lap Igi, dng di vdo khdm phd net nghf sT, fdi hoa o nhung ngudi lao ddng (Ngudi Idi dd Sdng Dd) Hoy, vdi nhd vdn l^lom Cao, «eudc ddi cdm but Nam Coo ludn suy nghT v l vd'n d l «sd'ng vd vilf" Trong hodn ednh xd hdi Vift Nam trude ' Tnaig TIPT Npjrea Hjii Thp, TP 116 Chi Minh Tap chi Glao due s6 9 (kt i la/aoiai Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, ngdi but Nam Cao hudng vdo cudc sdng ddy bi kich cua ngudi ndng ddn vd tri thuc nghio Nhd vdn y thifc rdng: «Mdf tdc phdm thdt gid trj phdi vugt len ben fren td't ed mgl bd cdi vd gidi hgn, phdi Id mdt tdc phdm chung eho cd lodi ngudi " (I;fr.l39) Sou Cdeh mgng thdng Tdm, Nam Coo «sSn sdng hi sinh thir «nghf thudt coo siSu" cuo minh vdi y nghT: Lgl ich cuo ddn fdc Id tren het" (1; fr.139) Oi sdu tim hieu tdc phd'm, GV thudng chu trgng phdn tich ndi dung, tu dd riif ro net dde ddo v l nghf thudt hodc phdn tfch ngi dung, nghf thudt rdi duo ro nhdn djnh, ddnh gid v l gid trj hifn thyc, nhdn dgo cuo tdc phdm Bdi hge kit thuc, nhilu HS vdn khdng nhd duge nhdn vdt vd y dd nhd vdn gt/i gdm quo nhdn vdt, tde phdm Cd mdt nguyen tde tdm li Id mudn nhd Idu v l mgt oi, mdt dilu gi dd phdi ed nguyen ed, dd Id sy dm dnh Tgo ro sy dm dnh Id tgo mdt d'n fugng mgnh me, nhd't, tgo sy lien tudng sdu dgm, du bo Khi dgy hge «Hai dua tre", d l HS edm nhdn duge buc tranh hiin thyc phd huyen nghio ndn, tdm tdi, sd phdn nhung ngudi ddn nghio bi nhd, bi' tdc, GV edn tgo duge d cdc em dilm «nhd'n" tdm li Chdng hgn, phdt hifn su lay ddng ft/ ddi mdt cuo nhdn vgf Lien Ody cung chinh Id «dilm nhin" cua Thgch Lorn tde phdm GV ed f h l nf u edu hdi: 7t> cdp mdt quan sdt eija Uin, ta bStgdp duge nhi/ng gi thi' gidl tdm trgng ct/o nhdn vgf vd tinh cdm eua Thgch Lam? HS suy nghT, phdt hifn vd nhdn xft Chdng hgn (dy kiln HS trd Idi): Ddi mdt eua nhdn vdt ehi/a dung mgi cung bdc cua tdm trgng: budn, vui, ddng edm xdt thuong, noi dau nen Idng, mong dgi khdc khodi, tham sdu, yen finh vd chju dyng Hdu het cdc edu vdn hudng ngogi cd vi nhu td cdnh bin ngodi nhung cap mdt quan sdt kf ludng dy Id sy dien dgt eua mat thi gidi tdm hdn da edm, dgt ddo nhifng rung ngdn Cap mdt Uin vdl nhi/ng gdc nhin tinh ti', phdi chdng Id biSu hiin ciJa mgt tdm hdn dep, trdn ddy yiu ihuong, ddy tinh nhdn vdn cua Thgch Lam? Ddy chinh Id Thgch Lam, vdn Thgch Lam hudng ngi, chan ehua mdt tinh yiu, tinh yiu qui huong, tinh yiu ddnh cho ngudi ddn ngheo a Idng qui, Dgy hge truyfn ngdn Vift Nam 1930-1945, bfn egnh thoo fdc gltjp HS tiep nhgn tde phdm d cdc phuong difn cdt fruyfn, nhdn vdt, kit cd'u, ehi tilt, finh hud'ng, GV cung cdn giiip HS ed cdi nhin bao qudt v l truyfn ngdn gioi dogn ndy Tap chi Glao due s6 299 (h i la/aoia) nhu: Hodn cdnh xd hdi, khuynh hudng sdng tde, quon niem nghf thudt, sdc difu fhdm mT khuynh huong Vdn hge Idng mgn vd Van hge hifn thyc Viet Nam gioi doan 1930-1945, Kf phong cdch, but phdp den gigng difu, d l u ed nhung edeh tdn GV nen dgt vdn d l ndy de HS cdm tht/c, chiem nghifm Chdng hgn, ed f h l neu cdu hdi: Nhirng thdnh cdng rye rd cua ede tde phdm truyen ngdn hien dgi Viet Nam 1930-1945 dd Idm eho anh/chj cd suy nghT gi ve sue sdng vdn hgc ddn tde? Du kiln ket ludn: Dien bien lich su vd hiin thye euge sdng nhiiu bien ddng Id cdi «nin" cho nhifng ngdi but dieu luyin, cho sy nhgy edm cua nhd vdn trude thdi dgi mdi Chuo bao gid vdn ddn toa sdng nhu giai dogn ndy Ki't tinh eua sy tuong Idc, giao thoa giifa nhd von hiin thyc Ijeh su Id nhifng tin tudi, nhifng thdnh hru vdn hgc rye rd HS cd sy phdn tich, dd'i sdnh mdi tuong quan giifa nhd vdn - tde phdm trdo luu nghe thudt vd fhdi dgi hay khdng Id phy thugc d GV Dgng cdu hdi md; Sd phdn, euge ddi nhdn vat tde phdm dd phdn dnh xa hdi duong thdi nhu thi' ndo? Anh/chj ed thi' tudng tugng ddi sdng vdt chdt, vdn hda tinh thdn eua ngudi ddn Viet giai dogn ndy, sau hge tde phdm khdng? Diiu gi khiin nhdn vdt thdn thugc, gdn gui nhung cung ddy si/c cudn hut ddi vdi anh/chj? giup HS tdi hifn chdn dung qud khif (sy kifn Ijeh st/, ngudi, quon hf xd hdi, gioi cd'p, ); kheu ggi bdn khodn, ddnh thue h/ duy, tinh edm cuo ngudi hge tu finh chdn thye ljch st/, tinh nhdn vdn vd sy Idng dgng d tdng mgeh vdn hdo md nhd vdn d l Igi frong fdc phdm *•* Oe HS ed d'n fugng v l tdc phdm dugc hge, nhd nhifng net ehinh v l euge ddi, sy nghifp tdc gid, ndm dugc hf thd'ng nhdn vdt, dyng y nghf thudt ciio tdc gid, GV cdn ddu tu thdi gion, tdm fri eho bdi gidng, chgn cdeh flip edn vd khoi thde vdn bdn hgp li; ve phio HS, edn phdt huy tinh thdn tich eye, chu ddng vd sdng tgo frong hge tdp • (1) BO GD-DT Ngu- van 11, tap NXB Gido due, H 2009 Tai li^u tham khao BO GD-DT Chuong trinh giao due phd thOng mon Ngu-van NXB Gido due, H 2005 Nguyen Viit Chif Phmmg phap day hpc tac phim (Xem tiep trang 41) gido DTTS hgc TV, nguyen tdc, ndi dung, phuong phdp chudn bj TV cho trf em DTTS Ode bief, cdn hudng ddn GV edeh xdy dyng ke hogch gido dye tdng ctrong TV cho trf mdu gido DTTS d mdi chtj de frong thuc hifn chuong frinh gido dye mdm non, cdeh xde djnh mye tidu phdt trien ngdn ngif phii hgp vdi khd ndng eua tre DTTS vd myc tieu edn dgt ciio chu d l theo Chuong frinh gido dye mdm non, cdeh fd chife mdi frudng Idp hgc, xdy dyng k l hogch tudn vd td chife thyc hifn cdc hogt dgng frong mdi ehu d l • chuan bi tieng Viet cho tre miu giao viing dan tdc thieu so (mau giao be 4-S tuS'i) NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H low Pham Ngpc Thudng (chu bien) - Lpc Bich Kiem Trieu Thj Kim Van Hpc tieng Niing NXB Dai lioe Thdi Nguyen, 2009 Pham Ngpc Thirang Li thuyet xung h6 va cac each xung ho tieng Niing NXB Dai hoe Thdi Nguyin, 2009 SUMMARY Like many other mountainous provinces of the country, in Lang Son the preparation of Vietnamse Tdi lifu tham kh^o language for preschool children from ethnic minori1 Trin Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuytfn HutfngdSn ties before the first grade having a lot of obstacles, ttie chu^n bi tifng Vi$t cho tre miu giao viing dan t6c efficiency is limited This paper explores ttie status and thi^u stf (mSu giao be 3-4 tuoi) NXB Gido due Viet proposes a number of measures to strengthen the Vietnamese language for preschool children from ethtom, H 2011 nic minorities in the mountainous areas of Lang Son TrSn Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuyen Hinrng dan province Motsovanaellluan Gop plian nang cao (Tli'p theo trang 43) (Tli'p theo trang 49) vSn chmmg theo lo^i th^ NXB Dai hpc suphpm, H 2003 NguySn Thanh HDng - Le Th j Di$u Hoa Phuimg phiip day hpc ngii viin trung hpc phit thOng - NhOng vSn d£ cap nh§t NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2007 Phan Trpng Lujn VSn chinmg - b^n dflc s^ng tao NXB Dpi hpe qudc gia Hd N^i, 2002 NguySn Dang M^nh Nhirng bai giang vi tic gia van hgc NXB Gido due, H 1999 Trdn Dinh Sir Dpc vSn hpc vSn NXB C/do(/(/c,H.2001 Trjnh XuSn VQ Phinmg phdp day hpc vSn dr b$c trung hpc phd thtfng NXB Dpi hpc qudc gia TP Hd CM lUinh, 1997 nuuc ta hien va'n de va giai phap NXB Vdn hod thdng tin, H 2007 Trufitng Luu Van htia - mOt stf va'n de li luan NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H 1999 SUMMARY Study culture behavioral education for tertiary students has a significant meaning to form teacher's personality in the future This well-performed work not only forms positive behavioral system and habit of students in study but also forms a firm foundation for the universities of education to build a healthy, scientifk:, friendly, well-disciplined, highly pedantic academic environment, contributing to the character of educational institutions This writing mentions to basic theoretical issues concerning such study culture behavioral education as: meaning, objective, content, method and principle of study culture behavioral education for educational tertiary students Hirirng din lioc sinli trung ligc (Tli'p theo trang 52) tra loi cau hoi va bai tap Lich sir 12, tap NXB Dpi hpc To purpose of exchange and discus- qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh 2008 sion with colleagues to improve teaching SUMMARY modem short story Vietnam period 1930For the students to study well the history subject is a difficult 1945 the following article proposes some specific solutions which are described in requirement to teachers today: for students to really love, pasthis article is: 1) Focus elicitation methods sionate and study history is even harder In addition to teaching to rcBse issues rather than lecturing or mak-and learning in class with many different teaching methods, ing qoesfiOn directly: 2) Highlight "positive', teachers guide students to extra-curricular exercises of the 'creative" activities of students during history through exploration of documents on the Internet is an reading time: 3) Train students for having effective form of education helping students positive, active, the habit of reading on the specific types initially approach to participate in scientific research and pasand ttie time axis sionate to subjects SUMMARY Tap chi Glao due s6 9 (ki i la/aoia) ... tinh yiu qui huong, tinh yiu ddnh cho ngudi ddn ngheo a Idng qui, Dgy hge truyfn ngdn Vift Nam 1930- 1945, bfn egnh thoo fdc gltjp HS tiep nhgn tde phdm d cdc phuong difn cdt fruyfn, nhdn vdt,... niem nghf thudt, sdc difu fhdm mT khuynh huong Vdn hge Idng mgn vd Van hge hifn thyc Viet Nam gioi doan 1930- 1945, Kf phong cdch, but phdp den gigng difu, d l u ed nhung edeh tdn GV nen dgt vdn... hgn, ed f h l neu cdu hdi: Nhirng thdnh cdng rye rd cua ede tde phdm truyen ngdn hien dgi Viet Nam 1930- 1945 dd Idm eho anh/chj cd suy nghT gi ve sue sdng vdn hgc ddn tde? Du kiln ket ludn: Dien