THirC TRANG VH MOT SQ BIEN P H A P T S N G C I I O N G T I I N G VItT CHD TRE EM m NDN NGDDl OAN TOG THIEO SO TS PHAM NGQC THLTONG* TtiS VI THI GIAO* Cung nhu nhilu finh miln nui khdc cua nude to, d L[.]
THirC TRANG VH MOT SQ BIEN PHAP TSNG CIIONG T I I N G VItT CHD TRE EM m NDN NGDDl OAN TOG THIEO SO TS PHAM N G Q C THLTONG* - TtiS VI THI G I A O * ung nhu nhilu finh miln nui khdc cua nude to, d Lgng Son, vife chudn bj tieng Vift (TV) bho fre mdm non ngudi ddn tdc thilu sd (DTTS) trude vdo Idp gdp rdt nhilu frd nggi, hifu qud cdn hgn c h l Bdi viet fim hieu thyc frgng vd de xuat mdt sd bifn phdp tdng cudng TV cho fre em mdm non ngudi DTTS (Tdy, Nimg, Dao, ) fren djo bdn miln nui finh Lgng Son Thue trgng vife dgy vd hgc TV ciio tre mdm non n g u d i DTTS tren djo bdn tinh Lgng Son Khi den trudng, Idp mdm non, hdu hit tre em DTTS cd thdi quen giao tiep bdng tilng me de frong mgi hogt ddng Tre chi su dyng dugc mgt sd fu don gidn, phdt dm ehua chudn cdc dm TV, ndi nggng, ndi ldp - Khd ndng nghe, hieu Idi ndi vd su dyng Idi ndi frong giao tiep ciio fre edn hgn chl Hdu het fre ehua ndi duge ddy du ten cuo minh, nghe hiiu vd thyc hifn dugc tif -2 hdnh ddng fheo chi ddn, ndi cdu chuo ddy du (ndi, hdi trdng khdng) Tre ryt re, nhut nhdt, so ehi bief chdo khdeh sou duge gido vien (GV) nhdc; frong ede hogt ddng d Idp, tre ehu yeu hogt ddng don le, choi mdt minh vdi dd diing dd choi vd chi fhom gio hogt dgng nhdm cd sy ggi y, ddn ddt cuo GV - Tre 5-d tudi ngudi DTTS thudng gdp nhifng Idi phdt dm nhu: + Phdt dm sai cdc nguyin dm (ki' cd nguyin dm ddi): d thdnh u, a: nhd tifng (tdng), d day (ddy) ; e = ie: Dirng liin (len), liin (len) nhd ; d = ua, ud, dd, o: Siia mudt (so mgt), cuo (ed) gido, bua (bd) me, Lge (Lye) Yen , khodng (khdng) biet ; uy = ue, e, i: Bgn Quin (Quyen), k l chuin (chuyfn), bgn Nghen (Nguyfn), qud fc/'t(Quyt) ; ue = e: V I /ce(que) ; + Phdt dm sai cdc phy dm ddu: q = c, k: Cd (qud) no, v l ki (que), cdi cgt (qugt) ; g = ng: Con ngd (gd),'gh = ngh: Cdi ng/ie (ghe); kh = h: C hdng (khdng) biet; c = eh, f: Chon xin eho (eon xin ed), ton (con) chd ; + Dgc sai dieu: Tre hay sol ede egp: Ddu ngd = ddu sdc: ve (ve) tranh, bgn Nghia (NghTo), bj ngd (ngd) ; Ddu hdi = ddu ndng: nhgy[nhay) quo, di ngy (ngu), lgn yn jn (tin in) Sd GV khdng bief tilng ddn fdc gdp nhieu khd khdn frong td chife cdc hogt ddng hgc tdp, vui choi vd gioo tiep vdi fre Nhifng hgn che phuong phdp truyin dgt nhu: ndi qud nhanh, dien gidi, ddn ddt qud nhilu, su dyng nhilu tif TV md fre chuo hieu dugc khien GV gdp nhilu khd khdn dgy tre - Dilu kifn eo sd vdt chdf ctia nhdm, Idp mdm non vung DTTTS edn nhilu khd khdn Od diing, dd choi cdn thieu, chtj yeu GV h/ Idm Kf nguySn vdt lifu sdn ed Vi vdy, hogt dgng phdt frien ngdn ngif (Idm quen vdi chir cdi, tdp to ) edn don dieu, ehua sinh ddng, ehua thu hut dugc sy chu y eiia fre Ben egnh dd, fdi lifu, sdch tham khdo cuo tre vd GV edn ngheo ndn Odi vdi trf ehi ed nhdt cudn Be Tdp td, GV chi cd cudn Hudng ddn thuc h i f n chuong trinh gido dye mdm non - Mdi frudng sdng vd giao tiep TV cuo tre em mdm non DTTS hgn che ed v l khdng gian vd fhdi gion Tre em DTTS sdng mdi frudng tilng me de tif luc lgt Idng, ngudi Idn frong gio dinh vd xung quanh ehij y l u giao tilp vdi bdng tieng ddn tde nen cdc em if cd mdi trudng giao tiep bdng TV Them vdo dd, d mdt so don vj, sd ddng cdn bd, GV, nhdn vien trudng Id ngudi dja phuong, bief tilng ddn tdc nen thudng giao tiep vdi nhou, vdi phy huynh, fhdm ehi ed vdi trf bdng tieng ddn fdc Do dilu kifn eo sd vdt chdf chuo ddp irng dugc vife hge bdn fru budi/ngdy nSn thdi gion 'S« Giao due n Bao tao UigSoi Tap chi Glao due so 9 lut i - la/aoia) dinh cung nhu d trudng mdm non; - V I the gidi tu nhien nhu mua, bdo, ndng, gid, mdt trdi, mgt trang, ede vi ; the gidi vd sinh nhu dd't, cdt, sdi, nude ; the gidi huu sinh nhu cdc vdt, ed cdy, hoc Id ; - Ve ddi sdng xd hdi nhu fen Bdc Ho, cdc anh himg lief sT d dja phuong, ede djo danh each mgng, ede nghe nghifp frong xd hgi vdi mdt sd cdng cy, sdn phdm; ede ngdy hdi, ngdy 11 Phdt trien vd'n tif cho fre khdng chi Id vife cung cdp fir mdi md edn giup fre md rgng nghTo ctia tif Chdng hgn, frudc ddy, fre hieu tif «ngu" Id ehi mdt ngudi dang ngu, gid ddy GV edn giup tri hieu khdi qudt hon «ngu" ehi td't cd cdc sinh vdt dang ngu (em be ngu, meo ngii ), eOng nhu vdy, tif «dn" diln dgt eho nhieu ddi fugng: b d / em be/thd/meo dang dn * Dgy tre ndi diing ngif phdp Tre em ndi chung vd tre em DTTS thudng mde mgt so Idi ngif phdp nhu ndi khdng du cdu (cdu cut, thieu chti ngif, vj ngif), cdu ghep thieu quon hf Kf Khi phdt hifn ldi, GV cdn sua ngoy Tren thyc t l , hdu het GV ehi chu y st/o cdu fre ndi sai ehi/ ehua ehu ddng cung cd'p mdu cdu cho tre Dieu ndy ldm hgn che rd't Idn din khd ndng ndi dung cdu ctia tre Oe khde phye, GV cdn xdy dyng ke hogch, chud'n bj cdc mdu cdu h/ don gidn den phi/c tgp phii hgp vdi khd ndng ctia fre, finh chd't hogt ddng, bdi hgc Trong giao tiep hdng ngdy, frong fd ehi/e cdc hogt ddng cho fre, ngudi Idn phdi luyin tap eho tre biet ndi diing cdu triic cdu: ed chtj ngif, vj ngif, st/ dyng frgng ngu, bd ngif phii hgp; kjp thdi st/a soi de tre khdng ndi cdu cyt, ndi nhdt gifng, ddo Idn vj trf tir frong edu Vife phdt trien vdn ti> vd ndi dung ngif phdp cdn phy thugc vdo finh tich eye gioo flip ciio tre Thdng quo hogt dgng gioo flip hdng ngdy nhu frd chuyen, ke chuyen, choi frd choi GV cho tre hgc nhu'ng edu ngdn, don gidn, ed ndi dung d l hiiu, gdn gui vdi kinh nghifm sdng vd ngdn ngif hdng ngdy ciio tre giup fre fy fin, ht/ng thu hgc TV Mgt khdc, cdn tgo d i l u kifn de tre gioo flip, bdc Id y mud'n, hieu bief cua minh, nghTo Id ' Phdt trien vdn hi thugc ede tinh vyc eua ddi khdng ehi ndi cho fre nghe md edn nghe fre ndi, sdng sinh hogt vd thi'gidi xung quanh, boo gdm; ggi cho tre ndi chuyfn, giao tiep vdi nhou 3) Xdy dung mdi trudng hgc TV cho fre em - Vdn h> v l bdn thdn vd cdc quan hf gio dinh, be bgn nhu fen ggi, dio chi nhd d, cdch xung hd ; DTTS ' Tgo mdi trudng TV d trudng, ldp mdm non - V I cdc dd vdt, dd diing dd choi xung quanh gdn bd vdl cudc sdng sinh hogt cuo fre gio Vife h30 mdi frudng ehu viet phong phu d frvdng fre dugc hge d trudng mdm non, diwc tham gia vdo cdc hogt ddng rd't it, chi chiem khodng 2,53 gid/ngdy Cdc Idp mdm non vung DTTS chu yeu Id ede Idp le, dde ldp, dd dd'i h/gng d l fre gioo tilp bdng TV cdng hgn che Mgt so bifn phdp tdng cudng TV cho fre mdm non ngudi DTTS fren dja bdn finh Long Son 1) Luyin nghe - ndi vd rin phdt dm cho tre Cdn ehu y luyfn cho tre nghe hieu, phdn bief dugc cdc tie'ng, tif gdn gidng nhau, chi khde dm vi hoy difu nhu: gd - ngd, tay - tai, quen quyin, ed - Id, ghi' - nghe, mui - mui Luyfn eho fre nghe hieu cdc tii', cdu don gidn d l ehi vd md td dd diing, dd choi qua dd tgp cho fre cdch nghe, hieu vd thye hifn dugc mgt so hdnh ddng ed sy ehi ddn fhdng quo vife cho fre dugc choi trye tiep vdi dd vdt Tgo nhilu co hdi eho fre dugc tiep xue vdi mdi frudng thien nhien xung quanh de luyfn cdch nghe, khd ndng chu y vd cdch diln dgt Igi nhifng gi nghe dugc Thdng qua hogt dgng ngodi trdi, dgo choi, fhom quon, fd chirc gid hge ed bdng dia , GV djnh hudng eho tre Idng nghe tieng chim hdt, tieng nude chdy, gid thdi, mua roi, tieng md trdu Ide cdc sou dd khuyen khich tre ndi Igi nhung dm md fre dd nghe duge (bdng ed TV vd tilng ddn tdc) GV cdn chu y dgy fre phdt dm rd cdc dm tiet, tir vd cdu Hudng ddn, udn ndn fre ludn ndi ro rdng, phdt dm dung cdc dm vj, difu frong kit hgp cdc dm tilt khde nhou Cd f h l suu tdm tho, co doo, ddng doo de luyfn, sua cdc dm khd nhu ldi, tr, s, r vd si/a cdc Idi phdt dm cdc nguyen dm ddi fre em DTTS thudng mde nhu uy - ui, oa - a Tre em DTTS thudng ryt re, nhut nhdt, e nggi ndi mdi khdng ro Idi, hogc qud vdi vdng, Idp bdp ndi ndng ddn den ndi nggng, ndi Idp, liing bung khdng rd Idi Chinh vi vdy, ngudi Idn cdn tgo khdng thodi mdi, fdp cho tre sy ty tin, binh tTnh gioo t i l p , udn ndn tre ndi nggng, ndi ldp De st/o tdt ngdn ngif cho fre, ngudi Idn cung edn phdt dm chudn frudc mdt tre 2) Phdt frien vd'n tu cho fre vd dgy ndi dung ngu phdp Tap ehi Glao due s6 9 tkt i la/aoia) Idp mdm non Id mdt bien phdp de phdt trien khd ndng dgc vilf eua fre GV cdn ehu y xdy dyng mdi trudng chif viet dgng, bdng cdch: gdn chif chi ten ggi cuo ede dd diing dd choi tgi gdc dd diing dd choi, treo/ddn fren tudng ldi cdc tre Id mdt bien phdp rd't hifu hifu d l phdt frien ngdn ngu cho tre Thdng qua frd chuyfn, fre phdt frien, md rgng vd'n fir, st} dyng Kf td't hon, hodn ehinh edu ndi dugc mgeh Igc, rd rdng, mgnh dgn, tu tin frong giao tiep vdi bgn be, thdy ed bdi hdt, bdi tho, vd ngudi Idn xung quanh Khi frd chuyen vdi Xdy dyng mdi trudng ldp hge thdn thien vdi fre, GV cdn tgo khdng thodi mdi, thdn thien nhien de tgo eo hgi eho tre khdm phd hge mdt, tinh cdm de fre cd the ndi mgt cdeh fy nhien; fdp, gioo tiep bdng TV: Trdng nhieu cdy xanh edn dya vdo su hieu biet ctia tre d l ndi chuyfn quanh Idp, ede ehdu hoo, cdy cdnh d gdc thien cho phu hgp, giup tre hiiu duge d i l u GV ndi; nhien vd ngodi Idp d l u ed gdn ten cdc logi ggi md, khuyen khich fre ndi, ke ve gio dinh, cdy, hoo GV edn ehii y chir viet phdi dep, ro ede thdnh vien gio dinh, ke Igi nhifng trdi rdng, thdng nhdt vdi mdu chif fre se hge d frudng nghifm cua bdn than (khi duge v l fhdm dng bd tilu hgc ngogi, di chg thj frdn, di dtd ) GV ed the frd Trang bj ede logi sdch truyen, tranh fruyf n, chuyen vdi tirng tre hogc nhdm tre bdng tilng vd Be tdp td Be Idm quen vdi vife hgc dgc, hgc ddn fgc vd TV viet de phdt trien ngdn ngif cho tre Td chi/e Trong frd chuyfn, GV ludn chu y Idng nghe eho tre dugc tham gia ldm dd dung, dd choi tre ndi, nhift finh trd Idi cdu hdi ciio fre vdi thdi ciing ed gido thdng quo hogt dgng tgo hinh, vui dn edn, nhe nhdng, tinh cdm d l giiip tre fy tin choi, Idm dd dung dd choi cho chtj de (fd cdc vd hifng thu, thich Khi trd ldi cdu hdi cuo tre, GV chif cdi, chir sd Idm the chir cdi cho cd Idp hgc, chu y nhdc Igi nhifng tif md chfnh tre ndi Cd ldm sdch tranh ) gdng giiip tre ndi diing edu vd ddy du Long ghep vife thyc hifn cdc ngi dung hogt Cdn dd'i Xl/ edng bdng vdi tre, dgc bift Id dgng cuo phong trdo thi duo «Xdy dyng trudng nhung tre cd.hodn cdnh khd khdn, tre khuylt tdt, hge thdn thiin, hge sinh tieh eye"de suu tdm cdc fre chdm phdt frien, ddng fhdi nhdc nhd ede bgn Idn difu ddn co nhu hdt lugn, hdt sii, hdt then, frong Idp gdn gui, than thifn, sdn sdng giup dd cdc cdu fruyf n ed, edu fhdnh ngir, tyc ngir mong Idn Thudng xuyen khuyen khich ddng vien bdn sdc vdn hdo ciio ddn tdc Tdy, Nung, Dao , fre Idm td't hogc chuo thdt sy Idm tdt, tgo khdng fren eo sd dd fd chi/c cdc hogt dgng cho fre nhu: ddm dm thdn thifn vdi fre d mgi liie, mgi noi Hdi fhi «Bf vdi Idn difu ddn co", thi ke chuyen, Td chirc tdt cdc hogt ddng tdp the vdi nhieu tre dgc tho, choi cdc trd choi ddn gian tham gia nhu: bieu dien vdn nghf, choi frd choi GV chu y SI/ dyng fdi da TV giao tiep ddn gian, vf sinh Idp hge vdi ddng nghifp vd vdi fre, frdnh Igm dyng tieng 5) Tdehuc cho fre em mdm non DTTS duge ddn tdc Idm hgn che co hdi tre duge tiep xue vdi bdn tru, hgc budi/ngdy de tdng thdi gian TV thdi gion rd't ngdn d frudng, Idp dugc chdm sdc, gido due Trudng mdm non * Tgo mdi trudng TV d noi tre cu tru GV edn vdn ddng cdc ngudn ddng gdp nhdn khuyin khich, hudng ddn phy huynh each trd ddn, edn bd, edng cht/c, vien chi/c vd chuyfn vdi d nhd bdng TV (hdi han eon ngodi ngdnh de cdi tgo phdng hgc, xdy dyng minh v l ede hogt ddng fre dugc tham gio d bep bdn tru, cdng trinh nude sgch, vf sinh, mua Idp, v l ed gido vd cdc bgn d Idp khich If tre sdm dd dung, dd choi de td cht/c cho tre em ndi bdng TV) Cung cd'p mgt so cdu chuyen, DTTS dugc bdn fru cd ngdy d trudng Ody Id bdi tho cho phy huynh dgy tre d nhd Van dgng, dieu kien, co hdi thudn Igi de fre em DTTS phdt phd'i hgp vdi phy huynh suu tdm nguyen vgf trien ngdn ngif lifu sdn ed d djo phuong (rudt mudp khd, eiii d) Tap hud'n cho dgi ngu GV nhdng kii'n ngd, tranh dnh, fd lich cu ) de ldm dd diing thi/e ve phdt frien ngdn ngif ndi chung vd dgy dd ehol d Idp vd hudng ddn phy huynh ldm dd TV cha fre em DTTS Qud frinh hge TV cua tre choi eho tre d nhd em DTTS phy thudc rd't nhilu vdo dgi ngu GV 4) Trd chuyin, tgo su gdn gui gii/a GV vdi fre, fre vdi fre, giup tre tu tin, mgnh dgn din frvdng, Idp mdm non Trd chuyen vdi GV edn dugc tdp hud'n de nhdn thifc rd sy edn thief Clio vife chudn bi TV cho tre em DTTS frudc vdo hgc Idp 1, nhifng dde diem tre mdu Tap chi Giao due so 9 (k> i • la/aoia) gido DTTS hgc TV, nguyen tdc, ndi dung, phuong phdp chudn bj TV cho trf em DTTS Ode bief, cdn hudng ddn GV edeh xdy dyng ke hogch gido dye tdng ctrong TV cho trf mdu gido DTTS d mdi chtj de frong thuc hifn chuong frinh gido dye mdm non, cdeh xde djnh mye tidu phdt trien ngdn ngif phii hgp vdi khd ndng eua tre DTTS vd myc tieu edn dgt ciio chu d l theo Chuong frinh gido dye mdm non, cdeh fd chife mdi frudng Idp hgc, xdy dyng k l hogch tudn vd td chife thyc hifn cdc hogt dgng frong mdi ehu d l • chuan bi tieng Viet cho tre miu giao viing dan tdc thieu so (mau giao be 4-S tuS'i) NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H low Pham Ngpc Thudng (chu bien) - Lpc Bich Kiem Trieu Thj Kim Van Hpc tieng Niing NXB Dai lioe Thdi Nguyen, 2009 Pham Ngpc Thirang Li thuyet xung h6 va cac each xung ho tieng Niing NXB Dai hoe Thdi Nguyin, 2009 SUMMARY Like many other mountainous provinces of the country, in Lang Son the preparation of Vietnamse Tdi lifu tham kh^o language for preschool children from ethnic minori1 Trin Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuytfn HutfngdSn ties before the first grade having a lot of obstacles, ttie chu^n bi tifng Vi$t cho tre miu giao viing dan t6c efficiency is limited This paper explores ttie status and thi^u stf (mSu giao be 3-4 tuoi) NXB Gido due Viet proposes a number of measures to strengthen the Vietnamese language for preschool children from ethtom, H 2011 nic minorities in the mountainous areas of Lang Son TrSn Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuyen Hinrng dan province Motsovanaellluan Gop plian nang cao (Tli'p theo trang 43) (Tli'p theo trang 49) vSn chmmg theo lo^i th^ NXB Dai hpc suphpm, H 2003 NguySn Thanh HDng - Le Th j Di$u Hoa Phuimg phiip day hpc ngii viin trung hpc phit thOng - NhOng vSn d£ cap nh§t NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2007 Phan Trpng Lujn VSn chinmg - b^n dflc s^ng tao NXB Dpi hpe qudc gia Hd N^i, 2002 NguySn Dang M^nh Nhirng bai giang vi tic gia van hgc NXB Gido due, H 1999 Trdn Dinh Sir Dpc vSn hpc vSn NXB C/do(/(/c,H.2001 Trjnh XuSn VQ Phinmg phdp day hpc vSn dr b$c trung hpc phd thtfng NXB Dpi hpc qudc gia TP Hd CM lUinh, 1997 nuuc ta hien va'n de va giai phap NXB Vdn hod thdng tin, H 2007 Trufitng Luu Van htia - mOt stf va'n de li luan NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H 1999 SUMMARY Study culture behavioral education for tertiary students has a significant meaning to form teacher's personality in the future This well-performed work not only forms positive behavioral system and habit of students in study but also forms a firm foundation for the universities of education to build a healthy, scientifk:, friendly, well-disciplined, highly pedantic academic environment, contributing to the character of educational institutions This writing mentions to basic theoretical issues concerning such study culture behavioral education as: meaning, objective, content, method and principle of study culture behavioral education for educational tertiary students Hirirng din lioc sinli trung ligc (Tli'p theo trang 52) tra loi cau hoi va bai tap Lich sir 12, tap NXB Dpi hpc To purpose of exchange and discus- qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh 2008 sion with colleagues to improve teaching SUMMARY modem short story Vietnam period 1930For the students to study well the history subject is a difficult 1945 the following article proposes some specific solutions which are described in requirement to teachers today: for students to really love, pasthis article is: 1) Focus elicitation methods sionate and study history is even harder In addition to teaching to rcBse issues rather than lecturing or mak-and learning in class with many different teaching methods, ing qoesfiOn directly: 2) Highlight "positive', teachers guide students to extra-curricular exercises of the 'creative" activities of students during history through exploration of documents on the Internet is an reading time: 3) Train students for having effective form of education helping students positive, active, the habit of reading on the specific types initially approach to participate in scientific research and pasand ttie time axis sionate to subjects SUMMARY Tap chi Glao due s6 9 (ki i la/aoia) ... bieu dien vdn nghf, choi frd choi GV chu y SI/ dyng fdi da TV giao tiep ddn gian, vf sinh Idp hge vdi ddng nghifp vd vdi fre, frdnh Igm dyng tieng 5) Tdehuc cho fre em mdm non DTTS duge ddn tdc... khdng ehi ndi cho fre nghe md edn nghe fre ndi, sdng sinh hogt vd thi''gidi xung quanh, boo gdm; ggi cho tre ndi chuyfn, giao tiep vdi nhou 3) Xdy dung mdi trudng hgc TV cho fre em - Vdn h> v... chi chiem khodng 2,53 gid/ngdy Cdc Idp mdm non vung DTTS chu yeu Id ede Idp le, dde ldp, dd dd''i h/gng d l fre gioo tilp bdng TV cdng hgn che Mgt so bifn phdp tdng cudng TV cho fre mdm non ngudi