QNGHICNCIJIU XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUDC D 6 TIT DUY DE DAY HOC CAC BAI LUYEN T A P H 6 A HOC L0P12 I Oitvindl Lupc dd tu duy (LDTD) cdn gpi l i b i n dd tU duy, sodd tuduy,,, l i mdt hinh thdc ghi ch^p[.]
QNGHICNCIJIU XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUDC D TIT DUY DE DAY HOC CAC BAI LUYEN TAP H A HOC L0P12 TBANTHINGQCANH Dgi hgc Ddng nip PHAM THI THANH T A M Trudng THPT Miftng La, Ifnh Ssn U I.Oitvindl Lupc dd t u (LDTD) cdn gpi l i b i n dd tU duy, sodd tuduy,,, l i mdt hinh thdc ghi ch^p sddyng m i u sic, hinh i n h d l m d rpng v i d i o s i u cic y tUdng, dupc xiy dung v i p h i t t r i l n bdi t i e g i i Tony Buzan D i y l i mpt cdng cy t u cd tfnh ddt p h i , mdt eich khai thic t i l m n i n g vd t i n cua bp n i o d i dupe hon 250 trifiu ngudi d cie qudc gia tr^n t h l gidi sQ dung t i t c i cic linh vpe SQ dung LDTD day hpc l i mpt kT t h u i t day hpc tich eye giup g i i o v i l n chu ddng, linh hoat, t i l t ki^m thdi gian vi&e t h i l t k l b i i day, truyen dat k i l n ihQc mdi, cung cd kiln thdc b i i hpc, tdng hpp k i l n thUe chuong, hpc phin , hinh t h i n h eho hpc sinh phuong p h i p t u hpc hilu q u i , p h i t huy tdi da tfnh sing tao, k h i n i n g t u duy, ning khilu hpi hpa, ddng thdi tao l i m If I h o i i m i l , kich thich hQng thQ hpc t i p cQa hpc sinh Trong day hpc, b i i luy^n t i p l i dang b i i h o i n thign k i l n thQc v i dupc thuc h i i n sau mdt sd b i i day nghien cQu kiln thQc mdi h o i c k i t thuc mpt chuong, mpt phan cua ehuong trinh Nd •y nghia quan trpng vile hinh t h i n h phuong p h i p n h i n thUc v i p h i t trien t u duy, giup hoc sinh t i i hi^n lal eie k i l n thUe da hpc, h^ thdng hda cic k i l n thQc dupc nghlln cQu rdi rac qua mdt sd b i i , mdt chuong hoic mdt p h i n t h i n h mdt h i k i l n thUe ed quan h& chat che vdi theo logic xic djnh, ddng thdi cung giup g i i o vien cd d i l u k i l n cung cd, l i m chfnh xic, chfnh If, p h i t t r i l n v i md rdng k i l n thUe cho hpc sinh Tuy nhi^n, qua thuc te day hpc cho thay, da sd g i i o vien thudng cd t i m If ng?i day eie b i i \uyin t^p d i e b i l l eie dpi dU gid, thao giing hoic cic hpi thi vl khd lUa chpn phuong p h i p d l td chQc hpc sinh hoat ddng tich cUc, phuong p h i p day hpc chu y i u dupe i p dung l i lilt k i kiln IhQc, tao c i m giic n h i m chin, khdng kfch thfch dupe hUng thQ hpc t i p cua hpc sinh, vl v i y b i i v i l t niy se dua mdt sdgqiygiOp gido viin sQ dung LDTD di thiit ki vd gidng dgy cdc bdi luyin tdp hda hqc Idp 12 p h i n nguyin td kim loai, nhdm nguyin td kim loai theo hudng day hpc tfch cUC 2, Xay dung va sQ di^ng LDTD de day h9C c i c b i i luy^n tap h o i hoc Idp 12 phSn nguyen ttf kim loai •KHOAHQCGtAODUG Sich g i i o khoa Hda hpc 12 p h i n kim loai gdm ba ehuong (ehuong 5, 6, 7) dd cd b i i luy$n t i p Cic b i i hpc v l kim lo^i ho$e chuong kim loai thudng gdm cic p h i n ; vj tri v i c i u tao nguyin til, tinh c h i t v i t H, tfnh c h i t hda hpc, d i l u chl, Qng dyng, cie hpp c h i t tiiu b i l u Cd t h l tdm t i t hoat ddng day v i hpc t i l t luyin t i p b i i n g u y i n td kim loai, nhdm n g u y i n t d kim loai vdi LDTD t h i n h cic budc chlnh nhu sau: Budc 1: Chudn bf Chuin bj cOa g i i o v i l n v i hpc sinh l i yiu t l q u y l t djnh d i n c h i t luong v i sp t h i n h cdng cCia tilt luyin t i p , - Chudn bi cOa gido viin: Giio viin xic dinh muc tiSu b i i hoc iMa chon phuong p h i p v i phuong t i | n day hpc phii hpp v* ndl dungcOa b i i , sau d d t h i l t k l g i i o i n b i n g LDTD vdi su hd trpcua cic p h i n m I m tin hpc nhu MIndJet MlndManager, Concept Draw,Mindmap.Pra vS.2.2, e-MindMap_4.0 ' HAI _ ! , l N r * l fne,'Fô'7s;t cj - - " ] ã"^'" '\2 ằanô ã Chudn bi cOa hgc sinh: Sau k i t thdc mdt chucmg hay mdt hpc phSn, g i i o v i l n y i u c i u c i c nhdm hpc sinh (mdi nhdm t^ 4-6 em) l i p m^t LDTD tdng hpp c i c k i l n thQc co b i n chuong, vdi tQ khda l i ndi dung chfnh ctJa chuang (cd t h l l i t i l u d l cOa chuong) Mdi hpc sinh nhdm s i phy t r i c h mdt m i n g cOa ndi dung chfnh tuong Ung vdi mdt n h i n h chfnh cOa L0T& t h i l t l i p mdi Min hi cOa ndi dung k i l n thQc mlnh phy t r i c h vdi c i c n h i n h ndi dung k i l n thUc khic LDTD Giio v i l n khuyin khfch hpc sinh p h i t huy t6l da sp sing tao, nang k h i l u hdi hpa, k i t hpp sQ dgng n h i l u m i u sic, hinh i n h mlnh hpa l i m ndi b i t kiln thdc trpng t i m , thu hdt dupc su chd y, gidp ngUW .NGHlfNCOuCQ dpe d l nhd, d l \iin tudng Giio vien cd t h l hudng d i n hpc sinh t h i l t k l LDTD theo quy trinh sau: 1/XdcdinhtUkhdac0aLDTDihtinnguyint6kim logi hoae fen nhdm nguyin tdkim logi 2/ Ldp cdc nhdnh chlnh cua LDTD l i cie p h i n k i l n thdc chinh, cd t h l gdm: c i u tao nguyen tQ, tinh c h i t v i t If, tinh c h i t hda hoc, d i l u c h l , Ung dyng, cie hpp c h i t tidu bilu, Trong tQng n h i n h chinh cd t h l chia t h i n h cic n h i n h nhd nhU: tfnh c h i t v i t If gdm nhi^t dp sdi, n h i l t dp ndng chiy, if khdi, ; tinh chit hda hpc gdm: t i c dung vdi phi kim, axit dung dich mudi,,, 3/Thiit ldp moi Uin hi giUa cde nhdnh Vf dy: TQ c i u tao nguy&n tU kim loai cd t h l d u d o i n dupc tinh chat hda hoc, t d tinh c h i t hda hpc cd the du d o i n dupc phuong p h i p d i l u c h l , tdcac tinh c h i t v i t li cd t h l d u d o i n dupe cie Qng dung, Ngoii l i i n h i cic k i l n thQc chuong, hpc sinh cd t h l li^n hi vdi cie k i l n IhQc cua eic ehuong khic chuong trinh y^M—K \.m v~ (EH ^ f ^ — — ^^ • ^ m— Budc 2: To chUc boat dpng dgy vd hgc trin 1^ Mpt t i l t luyen t i p thudng cd c i u true gdm hai p h i n chfnh: On t i p kien thdc eo b i n can n i m vQng v i van dung kien thQc de l i m mdt sd bai t i p lien quan Trong tQng p h i n g i i o vi6n ed t h l ehia t h i n h nhilu hoat ddng nhd 1/On tdp kiin thQc ca bdn cdn ndm vQng (15-25 phot) Hoat ddng 1: 2-3 nhdm hpc sinh l i n b i o cio, thuyet minh v l LDTD cOa nhdm trudc t i p t h l Idp, hpc sinh nhdm phu t r i c h phan n i o se trinh b i y p h i n dd hoin t h i l n LDTD Hoat ddng n i y giup hoe sinh dn t i p v i n i m vQng eic k i l n thUc b i i hpc mdt eich nhanh chdng ddng thdi r l n eho hoc sinh t h i i 66 iQ tin ndi trudc t i p t h l , t h u y l t trinh trudc d i m ddng, linh t h i n hpp t i c v i l i m vi&c theo nhPm hiiu q u i 2/ Vdn dung kien thQc di Idm mdt s6 bdi tdp hin quan (15-25 phut) Giio vi^n lua chpn mdt sd b i i t i p phd hpp de cung cd kiln ihUc b i i hpc cho hpc sinh LDTD glQp hpc sinh d l d i n g t h i y dupe mdi iiin h^ gida eic kiln ihQe CO b i n vdi cic dang b i i t i p li§n quan tQdd khie siu v i nhd l i u k i l n thUe 3/ Cung co kien thQc bdi hqc (5 phOt) Giio vi&n yeu c i u mdi hpc sinh v l n h i l i p mpt LDTD v l ndi dung kiln ihQc chuong trin ca sd da dupc chlnh sQa, bd sung, D i y l i l i i lieu eho hpc sinh c i n dn t i p hoic xem lai cic kiln thQc da hpc Vi du: Dgy bdi 37'Luyin tdp:Tinh chdt hda hqc cua Sdt vd hqp chdt cua Sdt (Sdch gido khoa Hda hoc 12) Hpc sinh d i dQoc hpc v l Sit chuong trinh Idp 9, den ldp 12 hpc sinh dugc tim hilu siu hon v l tfnh chit eua Sit va cic hpp chit cQa Sit Sit l i kim loai ed r i t nhilu Qng dung ddi sdng, vi v i y giio vien cd the gpi y hpc sinh sQ dyng hinh i n h trung t i m LDTD l i mpt Qng dung gan gui eua Sit 6i thu hut su chu )/, glQp ngudi dpe d l nhd, de li^n tudng Cae n h i n h chfnh cua LDTD ed the gdm ciu tao, tfnh chat vat If, tfnh chat hda hpc, cie hpp chat cQa Sit Hpc sinh t h i l t lap mdi lien he giQa cie nhinh LDTD, nhu tQti'nh chat vat li ed tinh nhiem tQ Qng dung de san x u i t la b i n , tQ cau tao nguyen tQ dQ d o i n cie sd oxi hda (+2), (+3) eua Sit, tinh chat hda hpc cQa Sat, su bien ddi sd oxi hda cua Sit l i e dyng vdi c h i t khac nhau, t d tfnh chat hda hpc du d o i n phuong p h i p d i l u c h l , trang t h i i tu nhi^n Ngoii ra, hpc sinh ed t h l l i l n h i vdi eic kien Hoat ddng 2: Hpc sinh c i c nhdm k h i c se ddng gdp, bd sung 'j/ kiln cho nhdm ban, g i i o v i l n la ngUdi hudng d i n , chlnh si]ra gidp hoc sinh (Xem tiep trang 34) s6ti-vntmti2on»ZJ E Q NGHltNCOU4 K i t l u i n v i mdt sd d l x u i t Mfle dd bilu h l l n sing lao b i i thl h i t hpe phin cua SVTrUdng DHNN HN thupe dien nghien cQu ehl dat d mQe trung blnh, b i l u hien sing tgo cfla SV b i i thi hpc p h i n chua rd n i t v i t o i n di|n, sing lao eua SV l i p trung nhilu d b i l u hi|n 3, Phin Idn GV d l thi theo kiiu kilm tra tri nhd, tfnh Qng dpng cfla kiln thfle If thuylt, nhflng ciu hdi dgng p h i t h l | n v i n d l ehua dupe gpi md hay Idng g h i p v i o eic c i u hdi thi nen ehua phit huy linh sing tao cua SV, VI viy, vl|c nghiin cdu v i td chQc d l thl dudi dgng tdng hpp, cic c i u hdi giin tilp, nPi dung c i u hdi g i n nhilu vdl thpc t l mdn hpc, nginh n g h i se kich thich de tim tdi v i nhu ciu khim p h i cii mdi cua SV hon Die biet, cic c i u hdi dang phit hien v i n d l nen dUa v i o thudng xuyin d cic b i i k i l m tra, b i i thi d l r^n cho SV k h i ning hpc t i p theo phuong phip tim tdi, k h i m p h i ; cd n h u v i y sing tao cfla hp hpc t i p ndi chung, t i l n hinh cic b i i thi hcK phin ndi rieng se dUpc p h i t huy d mQc dp cao hon, Ngoii ra, dUa If luin t i m II hpc sing tao v i o chuong trinh d i o tao giup SV cd phuong p h i p luin sing tao phue vy cho hpc t i p v i cdng t i c n g h i nghiip sau cua ho, Viec ddi mdi eich k i l m tra, d i n h g l i k i t q u i hpe t i p cfla SV c i n thuc hien thudng xuyIn v i ddng bd cung vdi sU cii l i l n phuong p h i p day gid hpc If thuylt, v i hudng d i n thuc hinh, cd nhu viy tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii chflng ta mdi tao eho SV mpt mdi trudng hpe t i p tfch cpc, tQ dd sing t^o cfla hp mdi d i n dupe p h i t huy, TAILI$UTHAMKHAO Nguyin Thj Lf Anh (2008), Bdi gidng Cdng nghi s/n/j/)pc,Trudng DHNN HN Cao Viet H i (2008), Bdi gidng Dia chdt m* rrudnp, Trudng DHNN HN Phgm Thj Ngpc (2008), Bdi gidng Ti bdo hgc, Trudng DHNN HN Huynh V i n Son (2009), Tdm IIhqc sdng tgo NXB Giio dye H i Npi Taylor D.W; Barron F; Torance, E.P (1964), Selena Creativity Its Recognition and Development, John Wilej and Sons, New York SUMMARY The author suggests that the level of creativity manifested in the course exams of students ofAgricultural University Hanoi only reaches the average point Tfte creativity manifested in the course exams among studet^ is not clear or comprehensive None of students can show a high degree of creativity One of the most signiHeant reasons for this status is attributable to the inapproprlats design of test items by lecturers iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiitiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiiinininiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJ XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUOC DO TU DUY I (Tiip theo trang 27} thfle khie d i dupe hpc chuong trinh nhU d i y dien hda cua kim logi, kim logi k i l m , kim loai k i l m thd, nhdm Ket l u i n Sfl dyng LDTD dgy hpc cd tinh Qng dyng cao vl cd t h l i p dung b i l ki d i l u k i l n co sd v i t chat n i o cfla trudng hpc, cd t h l t h i l t k l LDTD i r i n giay, bia, b i n g phy vdi chl m i u , bfli, tiy hoic t h i l t k l tren m i y tfnh vdi cie p h i n m I m hd trp Qua k i t q u i thuc nghiem sU pham cho thiy, sQ dung LDTD day eie b i i luyen tap giflp hpc sinh sing tgo hon, hflng thu hon, tfl dd tfch cue v i dat k i t q u i cao hon Ngoii viee t h i l t k l LDTD cho cic b i i luy^n t i p , g i i o vien ed t h l hUdng d i n hpc sinh lap LDTD cho b i l mdi, ghi c h i p k i l n thfle t r l n Idp, dn t i p thi cii lap ke hoach c i n h i n , minh hpa cie y tudng, q u i n II td, ldp,., LDTD thUc su l i mdt cdng cu tU h i | u q u i mang lal nhQng Ipi fch to Idn hoat ddng day v i hpe, gdp p h i n ddi mdi phuong p h i p , n i n g cao c h i t lupng g i i p due, hudng hpe sinh d i n s p p h i t t r i l n t o i n d i l n l i eo sd 6i x i y dpng mpt n i n g i i o due t i l n t i l n v i b i n vflng dflng vdi chfl truong cOa 34*KH0AH9CGlAODVC D i n g v i N h i nudc ta TAIUEUTHAMKHAO Nguyin X u i n Trudng (Tdng chfl biln), Sddi gido khoa Hda hqc 12, NXB Giio due, 2011 PGS.TS N g u y i n Thj Sflu (Chfl biln), Phuang phdp dgy hgc hda hqc NXB Khoa hpc v i Ki thu^t, 2009 Bui Phuong Thanh H u i n , Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hqc hda hqc d trudng trung hgc thdng vung ddng bdng sdng Cdu Lang, Luin i n Tiln si giio dpe hpc, 2010 Tony Buzan, Sodd tUduy NXB Tdng hppTP.Hfl Chf Minh, 2008 SUMMARY The article has presented several suggestions to help teachers use thinking paradigm in order to desigr\ and deliver grade-l chemistry exercises, espedaliy^ relation to sections on metal elements and groups^, metal elements in consonance with active tead^ing approach ... chdt hda hqc cua Sdt vd hqp chdt cua Sdt (Sdch gido khoa Hda hoc 12) Hpc sinh d i dQoc hpc v l Sit chuong trinh Idp 9, den ldp 12 hpc sinh dugc tim hilu siu hon v l tfnh chit eua Sit va cic hpp... iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiitiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiiinininiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJ XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUOC DO TU DUY I (Tiip theo trang 27} thfle khie d i dupe hpc chuong trinh nhU d i y dien hda cua kim logi,... v i N h i nudc ta TAIUEUTHAMKHAO Nguyin X u i n Trudng (Tdng chfl biln), Sddi gido khoa Hda hqc 12, NXB Giio due, 2011 PGS.TS N g u y i n Thj Sflu (Chfl biln), Phuang phdp dgy hgc hda hqc NXB