HUONG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG KAV DUnq vn sO otinq Luac DO TU DUV DE DAV HOC CFIC; Bfli LUVm Tflp HOfl HOC LClP 12 f̂^ Trdn Tht Ngf c Anh Tnrdng Dgi hgc Dong Thdp M d D A U kiln thftc da hgc, hp thong hd[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG KAV DUnq sO otinq Luac DO TU DUV DE DAV HOC CFIC; Bfli LUVm Tflp HOfl HOC LClP 12 f^^ MdDAU kiln thftc da hgc, hp thong hda Luge dh tu (LDTD) cdc kiln tfufrc' h^a hgc dugc cdn ggi l a b d n d l luduy, s a d o nshi6n cuu rdi rgc qua mgt lu Id mOt hinh thft^ ghi sd bdi, mgt ehuang ho$c mgt phan thdnh mgt h§ kiln thftc chep sft dyng mdu sdc i ^ quan hp ch$t chg vdi dnh de md r^ng vd ddo cdc y tudng, dugc xay dyng "uico logic xdc djnh dong thdi va phdt trien bdi Uic gid Tony cung giOpjtido vien ed dicu Buzan Ddy la mgt cdng cy tu kipn cimg c^*ftinrghinh xdc cd tinh dgt phd mgt cdeh chinh Ii, phdi triln v d m d rgng khai thdc tidm ndng vd tgn ciia kien thuc cho hgc sinh Day Id bd nao da dugc hon 250 tripu dgng bdi hgc khdng the thieu ngudi d cdc qude gia trdn the chuong trinh cua mdn gidi sft dyng tat ca cdc hgc Tuy nhien, qua thye tg dgy ITnh vyc Sft dung LDTD dgy hge cho thdy, da sd gido vien hgc la mdt ky thugt dgy hgc thudng ed tam ly ngai day cdc lich cue giiip gido vien chii bai luypn tgp ddc biet ddng, linh hogt, tiet kiem thdi cac dgt dy gid, thao gidng gian teong viee thiet kg bai hodc cdc hgi thi vi khd lya dgy, truyen dgt kien thuc mdi, chgn phuong phdp de td chuc cung cd kign thftc bdi hgc, hgc sinh hogt dgng lich cue, tdng hgp kien thftc chuong, phuang phap dgy hgc chu yeu hgc phan , hinh cho dugc dp dyng la lipt kg kien hgc sinh phuong phdp ty hgc thftc, tao cdm gidc nhdm hieu qud, phdt huy tdi da tinh chdn, khdng kich thich dugc sang tgo, kha nang tu duy, hihig thu hgc tap ciia hgc sinh, nang khieu hgi hga, ddng thdi vi vay bai viel se dua tgo tam li thodi mai, kfch thfch mgt sd ggi y giiip giao vien hftng thu hgc tap ciia hgc sinh su dung LDTD de thilt k l va Bdi luyen tap la dang bdi hoan thien kien thftc vd dugc thuc hipn sau mdt sd bdi dgy nghidn ciiu kien thuc mdi ho^c kgt thuc mdt ehucmg, mgt phdn cua chuong trinh Bai luypn tap cd gid trj nhan thftc to Icin va cd y nghTa quan trgng vipc hinh thdnh phuong phdp nhgn thftc va phdt trien tu duy, giup hgc sinh tdi hien lgi cdc Ngay nhgn bai 29/9/2012; Ngay duyft dang 25/12/2012 28 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 89 - 01/2013 Trdn Tht Ngf c Anh Tnrdng Dgi hgc Dong Thdp gidng dgy cdc bdi luypn tgp hda hgc ldp 12 phdn nguyfin t l kim logi, nhdm nguyen ll kim logi theo hudng dgy hpc tfeh cyc H NQl DUNG Sdch gido khoa Hda hgc 12 phan kim logi gom ba chuong (chuong 5, 6, 7) dd co bdi luypn tap Cdc bdi hpc vg kim loai hodc chuong kim logi thudng gdm cdc phan: vi tri vd cdu tgo nguyen tft, linh chat vdt li, tfnh chat hda hpc, dieu che, img dyng, cdc hgp chat tieu bieu Cd the torn tdt hogt dpng dgy vd hgc tidt luypn tgp bai nguygn td kim logi, nhom nguygn Id kim logi vdi LDTD thdnh cdc budc chinh nhu sau: Buvc C h u a n bj Chuan bi ciia gido vign va hgc sinh la yeu td quyet djnh den chat lugng va sy thdnh cdng ciia tiet luypn lgp Chudn bi cua gido v/en.Gido vidn xde djnh myc ligu bdi hgc, lya chgn phuang phdp va phuang tipn cigy hpc HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG phu hgp vdi rigi dung cua bdi, sau dd thiet kg gido dn bang LDTD vdi sy ho ttg cua cde phan mem tin hge nhu Mindjet MindManager, Concept Draw.Mindmap Pro.v5.2.2, e-Min(IMap_4.0 Chudn bi ciia hgc sinh: Sau ket thiie mdt chuong hay mdt hgc phan, giao vien yeu cau cac nhdm hpc sinh (mdi nhdm lu 4-6 em) lap mgt LDTD tdng hgp cae kiln thftc CO bdn teong chuong, vdi tft khda la ndi dung chinh cua ehucmg (cd the la tieu de cua ehuang) Mdi hgc sinh nhdm sg phu teach mgt mang cua ndi dung chfnh tuong ling vdi mdt nhanh chinh cua LDTD, thidt lap mdi lien he cua ngi dung kien thftc minh phu ttdch vdi cac nhanh ndi dung kien thuc khac ttong LDTD Gido vien khuyen khich hgc sinh phat huy tdi da su sdng tao, nang khidu hdi hga, ket hgp sft dung nhieu mau sac, hinh anh minh hga lam ndi bat kidn thuc ttgng tam, thu hiit dugc sy chu y, giiip ngudi dgc de nhd, de lien tudng Giao vien cd the hudng dan hgc sinh thiet ke LDTD theo quy trinh sau: a Xdc dinh tir khda cua LDTD la ten nguyen to kim logi hogc tin nhom nguyen to kim logi b Lap cdc nhdnh chinh cua LDTD, la cac phdn kien thftc chinh, cd the gdm: cdu tao nguyen tft, tinh chat vat If, tinh chat hda hgc, dieu che, ftng dyng, cac hgp chdt tieu bilu, Trong timg nhdnh chinh cd the chia cdc nhdnh nhd rtiiu: tinh chdt v^t If gdm nhipt dg sdi, nhi^t d0 ndng chd>^ ti khdi, Tinh chdt hda hgc gdm: tac dyng vdi phi kim, axit, dung djch muoi, c Thiet lgp moi -liin hf giua cdc nhdnh Vi dy: tft cau tgo nguyen tft kim loai ed thd dy doan dugc linh chat hda hgc, tu tinh chat hda hgc cd the dy dodn dugc phuang phap dieu che, tu cac tinh'thW vdt li cd thl dy doan dugc cdc ftng dyng, Ngoai lign he cdc kien thftc teong chuong, hpc sinh cd thd lign he vdi cac kien thuc ciia cdc ehucmg khac ttong chuong trinh thl ldp, hgc sinh nhdm phy trdeh phdn nao se trinh bdy phdn dd Hogt d0ng 2: Hgc sinh cdc nhdm-khdc sg ddng gdp, b l sung y kiln cho nhdm bgn, gido vidn Id ngudi hudng dan, chlnh sfta giiip hgc sinh hodn thi§n LDTD Hogt dOng ndy giup hgc sinh dn tgp va ndm viing cac kiln thftc bai hgc mdt each nhanh chdng dong thdi ren cho hgc sinh thai tu tin ndi trudc tap the, thuyet trinh trudc dam ddng, tinh than hgp tdc va lam viec theo nhdm hieu qua b Van dung kien thirc de ldm mgt so bdi tap lien quan Budc To chftc hoat dong day vd hgc trSn ldp Mpt tiet luyen lap thudng cd cau tnic gdm hai phan chinh: On tap kien thuc co bdn can nam viing va van dyng kien thftc de Idm mdt sd bdi tap lidn quan Trong timg phan giao vign cd the chia thdnh nhieu hogt ddng^ nhd a On tap kien thuc ca ban can ndm vimg (15-25phut) Hoat dgng 1: 2-3 nhdm hpc sinh len bao cao, thuyet minh ve LDTD cua nhdm trudc tdp (15-25phiit) Giao vien lya chpn mpt sd bdi tap phu hgp de cung cd kien thuc bai hgc cho hgc smh LDTD giup hpc sinh de dang thay dugc mdi lien he giua cac kien thftc co ban vdi cac dang bai tap lidn quan tft khac sau va nhd Idu kien thftc c Cung CO kien thirc bdi hgc (5 phdt) Gido vien yeu cau mdi hgc sinh vg nhd lap mgt LDTD vd ndi dung kien thftc ttong chuong teen co sd da duge TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 89-01/2013 • 29 HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG chinh sfta, bo sung Day Id tdi li^u cho hgc sinh cdn dn tgp ho$c xem lgi cdc kiSn thftc dd hgc Vi dy: Dgy bdi 37 Luypn tfip: Tinh chdt hda hj^c cOa sftt vd hgp chdt ciia sdt (SGK Hda hfc 12) Hgc sinh da dugc hgc ve Sal chuong trinh tdp 9, den Idp 12 hgc sinh dugc tim hieu sau hem ve tfnh chat ciia sat va cdc hgp chat ciia sdt Sat la kim logi cd rat nhieu img dung ddi sdng, vi vdy giao vien cd the ggi y hpc sinh su dyng hinh anh trung tam LDTD Id mdt ftng dyng gdn gui cua sal de thu hiit su chu y, giup ngudi dgc dd nhd, de lign tudng Cdc nhdnh chinh ciia LDTD cd thg gdm cau tao, tfnh chat vat li, tinh chat hda hgc, cdc hgp chat ciia sdt Hgc sinh thidt lap mdi lidn he gifta cdc nhdnh LDTD, nhu tft tinh chat vat li cd tinh nhiem tft img dung dg san xuat la ban, tft cdu tgo nguygn tu dy dodn cdc sd oxi hda (+2), (+3) cua sdt, tinh chat hda hgc cua sdt, su bien ddi sd oxi hda cua sdt tdc dyng vdi chat khdc nhau, tu tinh chat hda hgc dy dodn phuong phdp dilu chl, trgng thdi ty nhign Ngodi hgc sinh cd thl lidn h$ vdi cdc kicn thftc khdc dd dugc hgc chuong trinh nhu ddy di^n hda cua kim logi, kim logi kilm, kim logi kilm tho, nhdm hgc, gdp phdn dii mdi phuong phdp, nang cao chat lugng gido dye, hudng hgc sinh din sy phdt triln todn dipn Id co so dl xay dyng mgt nen gido dgc tien tiln vd ben vChig diing vdi chu truong ciia Dang vd Nhi nudc la III KET LUAN Sft dung LDTD day hpc ed tinh iing dyng cao vi cd the dp dyng teong bdt ki dieu kien co sd vat chat ndo eua trudng hge, cd the thidt ke LDTD tren gidy, bia, bdng phu vdi chi mdu, but, tdy hodc thiet kg tten mdy tinh vdi cdc phdn mgm hd trg Qua kgt qua thuc nghipm su pham cho thay, su dyng LDTD dgy cdc bdi luyen lap giup hgc sinh sang tgo hom, hftng thii ban, tu tich cyc vd dat ket qua cao hon Ngodi vipc thilt kl LDTD cho cdc bdi luypn tap, gido vien cd the hudng ddn hgc sinh lap LDTD cho bdi mdi, ghi chep kien thftc tten ldp, dn tap thi eft, lap kl hogeh ca nhan, minh hga cdc y tudng, quan ly Id, ldp, LDTD thye su Id mdt cdng cy tu hi^u qua mang lgi nhihig lgi ich to ldn ttong hogt dgng dgy vd Tdi lipu tham khdo Nguyen Xudn Trudng, tong chil bien, Sdch gido khoa Hda hgc 12, NXB Gido dgc 2011 PGS.TS Nguyen Thj Suu (Chu bign), TS Le Vdn Ndm - Phucmg phdp dgy hpc hda hgc - NXB Khoa hgc va ky thugt, 2009 Biii Phuong Thanh Hudn, "Ddi mdi phuang ph£^ dgy hgc hda hgc d tiudng trung hgc thdng viing ddng bdng sdng Cim Long" Lugn dn Tien sT gido dye hpc2010 Tony Buzan - So dd tu - NXB Tdng hgp - TP H6 Chi Minh, 2008 Summary Mind Map is a diagram used colors, visuals to present and expand ideas and il is constructed and developed by Tony Buzan Using Mind MJ^ in studjong is an active leaming method which helps teachers and leameis to take initiative,flexibility,promote creativity, thinking abihty, ails skill, and create a psychological comfortable This article will give some suggestions to help teachers use the Mind Map for leaming and teaching (I!hemistry in grade 12 in die part of metal • TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO Dgc-SO 89-01/2013 ... tfip: Tinh chdt hda hj^c cOa sftt vd hgp chdt ciia sdt (SGK Hda hfc 12) Hgc sinh da dugc hgc ve Sal chuong trinh tdp 9, den Idp 12 hgc sinh dugc tim hieu sau hem ve tfnh chat ciia sat va cdc hgp... hogt dgng dgy vd Tdi lipu tham khdo Nguyen Xudn Trudng, tong chil bien, Sdch gido khoa Hda hgc 12, NXB Gido dgc 2011 PGS.TS Nguyen Thj Suu (Chu bign), TS Le Vdn Ndm - Phucmg phdp dgy hpc hda... some suggestions to help teachers use the Mind Map for leaming and teaching (I!hemistry in grade 12 in die part of metal • TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO Dgc-SO 89-01/2013