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56 1 i«a so 3 2012 Dm^vaHoc JNCAYNAY XA HOI HOC TAP Phat trien van hoa dao duC cua hoc sinh, • m 7 sinh vien trong thoi K\ doi mdi kinh te van de va giai phap PHAM VAN TRl/dNG Hdm thu 2EB 60 Hd Ddng H[.]
56 i«a s o 3-2012 Dm^vaHoc JNCAYNAY XA HOI HOC TAP Phat trien van hoa dao duC cua hoc sinh, sinh vien thoi K\ doi mdi kinh te van de va giai phap • m PHAM VAN TRl/dNG Hdm thu: 2EB- 60 Hd Ddng- Hd Npi V dn hda dpo dQc Id ITnh vQc then c h i t cua vdn hbti tinh than xa hpi, Khi ndi vdn hda Id n i n tdng tinh t h i n ciia xd hdi thQc c h i t Id ndi tdi vai trd cua vdn hda dpo dQc, y l u td cd bdn cCia nen tdng dd, Trong sy nghiep doi mdi todn dien dd't nQdc theo djnh hQdng xd hdi chu nghTa hien nay, kinh te thi trQdng da tQng bQdc hinh thdnh vd phdt trien, nd tdc dpng mpnh me d i n mpi ITnh VQc ciia ddi song xa hdi, nhd't Id d i n van hda dao dQc tren ca hai mat tfch cQc vd tieu cQe, Viec x u l t hien ngdy cdng nhilu nhQng hien tQpng tieu cQc ddi song vdn hda dao dQc xa hdi: tdi pham ngdy cdng gia tang; III song thQc dung, chay theo dong tien dang trd thdnh "mot thdi dai"; nhilu gid trj xd hdi bj dao ldn, sQ mat phQdng hQdng, te sung ngopi dang Id nhOng van d l ddng lo ngai cua xa hpi, Dae bipt Id sQ thodi hod, bien chd't ciiu mdt bd phdn khdng nhd can bp vd dang vien, sQ quari lieu cua bp mdy nhd node dang trd thdnh nhOng nguy co Idn anh hQdng tdi sQ ton vong cua che dp Ben epnh dd cdc the IQc thu djch khdng ngQng tim mpi cdch phd hopi vdi nhOng thu doan thdm dpc, thQc hi$n chien IQpc diin bii'n hoi binh n h l m lat che dp ta, Hpc sinh, sinh vidn Id iQc IQpng ddng ddo cua xa hpi hp thQdng xuydn t i l p thu vdi cdi mdi, nhpy cdm d$c bi$t gia trj vdn hda dao dQc cua hp dang dQpc hlnh thdnh vd phat trien Do dd vi$c phdt t r i l n gia trj van hda dpo dQc cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn hi#n Id v i n d l c l p bdch cd v l ly- luan vd thQc t i l n , Nhdn each Id h# thdng nhQng pham gid cua mpt ngQdi dope danh gia tQ mdi quan h0 qua Ipi ciia ngQdi dd vdi nhQng ngQdi khde, vdi tap t h i , vdi xa hdi vd cd vdi t h i gidi tQ nhien xung quanh mpi cdi nhin xuydn sud't qua khQ, hien tai vd tQdng lai Nhdn cdch Id mdt thQ gia trj dQpc xay dQng va hlnh thdnh todn bd thdi gian ngQdi tdn tai xa hpi, nd dac trQng cho m i l ngQdi, the hien nhOng pham chat ben ngQdi nhQng Ipi mang tinh xa hpi sau sac Nhdn each cua hpc sinh, sinh vien Id tdng hda cac yeu td tQ tQdng, tam ly, the chat phan anh trinh phdt triln nhdn each theo tidu chf chin, thi$n, mico tdc dyng djnh hudng, d i l u t i l t vd xde l^p y nghTa van hda dao dufc nh|in thQc va hopt dpng cua hp Nhdn cdch ngadi hpc sinh sinh vidn dQpc hlnh thdnh phat trien ho?t d i n g thQc t i l n , md trQdc h i t Id thQc tien hoat ddng chfnh trj - xa hpi Dpc diem ndi bpt cua hpc sinh, sinh vien la dQpc gido dye vd t i l p thu cd he thdng cac pham chit chfnh trj, tinh than, van hda dao dQc cdch mang, nang IQc chuyen mdn nghiep vy, cung nhQ cac td chat trinh d6 khoa hpc ky thuat hipn dpi Ddng thdi hpc sinh, sinh vidn Id IQc IQpng ddng dao, cd Qu the ve the iQc, vdn tri thiJc vd nang iQc sdng tpo; cd truyen thdng xung phong tinh nguyen, thQc hipn nhQng nhipm vy khd khan gian k h i ma Dang vd Nhd nQdc giao cho Nhin chung, hpc sinh,,sinti vidn Vipt Nam cdng tin tQdng vdo sQ lanh d?ociia Ddng Cpng san Vipt Nam, SQ thdnh cdng cdng cudc doi mdi dat nQdc Dang khdi xQdng vd lanh dpo "Kit q i i DauvaHiK /NGAY NAY s o 3-2012 •#• ^ ^ ^ ^ dieu tra ve tinh hlnh nien eua Vien Nghidn cQu Thanh nien nhOng nam gan day cho thd'y: ty le nien tin tudng ung hp cdng cudc ddi mdi dd't nude ngdy cdng tang: nam 1990: 71 %; nam 1993: 86,6%; nam 1999: 92,0%" Ve mat cau true he thdng cae gid trj van hda dpo dQc nhan cdch cCia ngQdi hpc sinh, sinh vien khdng tdch rdi nhOng gid tri nhdn each ngQdi mdi XHCN, nhdn each ngQdi Viet Nam hien dai, bao g I m tdng hda cac nhdm gid tri van hda chinh trj, van hda phdp ludt, vdn hda khoa hpe, vdn hda tham mT, vd van hda the chit; vdi dac trQng Id: "Giiu Idng yeu nude, cd y thdc lim chu, trich nhiem cong din; cd tn thdc, sdc khde, lao dgng giii; sdng CO van hoa, nghTa tinh; ed tinh thin qud'e ti' chin chinh." Mat khde myc tieu cua gido dye vd ddo tpo Id nham: "Ning eao din tri, dio tao nhin li/e, bdi dudng nhin tii, hinh thinh ddi ngd cd tn thdc vi tay nghi, cd nang lUc thuc hinh, tU chu, ndng ddng vi sing tao, cd dao ddc cieh mang, tinh thin yiu nUde, yiu chu nghTa xa hgi' Hien gid trj van hda dao dQc cua ddi ngu hpc sinh, sinh vien ta da dang qua trinh chuyen hda sdu sac, Nhieu gid trj vdn hda dao dQc mdi dope hlnh thdnh tren cd sd ke thQa van hda dao dQc truyin thdng tao nen gid trj van hda dao dQc mdi cd't cdch cua the he tre, Viec xac djnh muc dfch, y nghTa cudc sdng cua hpc sinh, sinh vien mang y nghTa tfch cQc, thiet thQc, nang ddng va cdi md vdi cudc sd'ng, Cdc gid tri lien quan den nhu cau tQ khang djnh vd hodn thien nhdn cdch bat dau dQpc nhan manh, Cd sQ vOng chac sQ phdt trien y thQc cua hpc sinh, sinh vien the hien viec xem xet mdi quan he giOa y nghTa cua gido dye, hpe van vd nang iQc ddi vdi sQ thdnh cdng cua cd nhdn, Nghj quyet Dai hpi Dang todn qudc lan thQ XI ciia Dang khang djnh: "Phit trien, nang eao chi't lUOng ngudn nhin lUc, nhi't li nguon nhin luc cha't lUOng cao li mdt nhdng yeu to quyet dinh sU phit trien nhanh, ben vdng dat nUdc Ddi mdi can ban, toin diin nen giio due coi trgng giio due dao ddc, Idi sdng, nang lUc sing tao, ky nang thue hinh." Dac biet, nen kinh te thj trQdng, xu the todn cau hod, nen kinh t l tri thQc, viec md rdng giao IQu hdi nhdp vdi the gidi, dang tao nhieu cd hdi, dieu kien cho hpc sinh, sinh vien phdt huy tinh ndng ddng, chu ddng, sang tao vQdn len de khang djnh minh, Hpc sinh, sinh vien cd mat bang hpe van cao, cd tiem iQc tinh than doi ddo, khdng ngQng hpc hdi VQdn len chiem fTnh nhOng dinh eao eua trf tup, nhanh chdng tiep thu cd phe phdn tQ vd tdc phong cdng nghe phQdng Tdy, cd dau dc thQc te, Idm viec cd hieu qua, ndng xud't trudng cd ban ITnh vOng vdng, the iQc tdt thdng minh vd ngdy cang dep, Hp cd tinh than trdch nhiem cao, dam nghT, dam Idm, dam chiu trdch nhiem, Cd the ndi da sd hpc sinh, sinh vien Id dodn vien nien vdn cd y thQc chfnh trj- xa hdi, cd Idng nhdn dl, san sdng nhQdng cdm se do, xa than vi nghTa Idn hp tfch CQc tham gia cac hoat ddng tinh nguyen khac phye thien tai, cQu ngQdi bj nan, tfch cQc phdng chdng te npn xd hpi ) ddy chinh Id net ndi bat cua hpc sinh, sinh vien Tuy nhien, hien van de bQc xuc nha't Id chd't IQpng gido dye todn dien, trQdc h i t Id chat IQdng gido dye chfnh a 57 trj, ly tQdng, dpo dQc vd Idi sdng, dac biet d bdc cao dang dpi hpc, nhin chung edn thap so vdi myc tidu gido dye, vdi ydu c l u nhdn iQc phye vy phat trien kinh te- xa hpi vd so vdi trinh dp cua cdc nude khu vQc, cd mat cdn sut kem Quan ly nhd nQdc v l gido dye cdn yeu kdm, lung tung trudc ydu c l u mdi, thilu tam nhin vd gidi phdp chien IQpc, khoa hpc gido dye chQa theo kip thQc t i l n nhilu hi^n tQpng tieu cQc nhd trQdng chdm dope khac phye Npi dung chQdng trinh vd phQdng phdp day hpc cdn lac hdu Thi cQ cdn ndng n l , cdn chju nhieu dp IQc cua tdm ly khoa cQ Tinh trang bao li/c hge dUdng, mdi trudng giio due, khdng gian vdn hoi hgc dUdng co nhieu vin due bdi sU ehi phd'i cua ddng tiin vi quyin lUc mdt cich phi giio dgc,tinh trang xio trgn va Ion xdn hinh trang vdn hoi eua mdi ngudi vi ei edng ddng Giao iUu vSn hoi mdt cieh at vi thii'u chgn Ige; Sd dung cdng nghi tin hge, nhdt li internet mdt cich thi^u thin trgng, thii'u hudng din nghiim tue; Cic doin thi tin tai vi sinh boat mdt cieh chiiu li, hinh thdc tQ td, bd hpe nghien hut, ma tCiy, mpi ddm, rQpu che, vi pham phap ludt edn d i l n phQc tap vd cd chieu hQdng tang.Tinh trang tdi phpm IQa tuoi hpc sinh, sinh vien dien kha nghiem trpng, cd chieu hQdng gia tang ve sd vu, sd loai tdi pham vd ca tinh chd't mQc dp pham tdi Theo sd lieu cua Tong cyc Canh sdt nhdn dan, sd ngQdi dQdi 30 tudi pham phdp bj bdt giO nam 2000: 8.463 ngudi; nam 2001: 9.136 ngudi vd thdng dau nam 2002 Id 8.860 ngUdi Cd mpt sd tdi md hpc sinh, sinh vien vi pham nhieu nhQ dua xe trdi phep Dac biet, hien tupng hdng tram ngQdi dong tfnh nam td chQc da hdi tai thj trd'n Long Hai( Bd Ria- Vung Tdu) thdng 03 - 2002 bdo ddng ve sQ lay lan hien tQdng mai dam dong gidi xd hpi Ldi sdng thQc dyng, ed hdi vd chpy theo thj hieu tham my nghe thudt tam thudng edn d i l n khd phd bien Van de nhd d eho hpe sinh, sinh vien edn nhieu bat cap, nhu cau vui chdi giai trf, van hda the thao cdn thieu tram trpng ve cd sd vdt chd't vd sdn bai Trong xd hpi tinh trang tham nhung, quan lieu, lang phi, cua mpt bd phdn cdn bp, dang vien ed chQc cd quyen cd chieu hudng phat trien nghiem trpng da anh hudng tdc dpng den ddng dao hpc sinh, sinh vien hien Day chfnh Id nhQng nhdn td khdch quan tac ddng den phdt trien gid trj van hda dao dQc cho hpc sinh, sinh vien hien Theo tdi nguyen nhdn chu yeu ndi len vdn Id: Mgt li; Nguyen nhin kinh teli mot nguyen nhin true tiep giy nin tinh tr^ng hgc sinh, sinh vien tha hda ve vin hda d^o ddc Dac bipt Id nen kinh te thj trQdng md nhieu hoat ddng du ljch, dich vy d l tao Idi sdng an chdi, sa dpa, hQdng l a c , p h d t trien md hpe sinh, sinh vien bj tan cdng dau tien Mat khac, va'n de todn cau hda theo GS TS, Le HOu NghTa: "Toin cau hda dieu kien cic the lUe tu bin chi phd'i lai tao nguy ea lam mai mdt nin van hda din tdc, miu thuin vdi viec gid gin ban sac din tdc Thdng qua toin cau hda, md eda, di du nhip nhdng quan niem sai trai, dao ddc suy ddi, Id'i song thUe dung, vi kl, chd nghTa ci nhan, "van hda phim" ddc hai Da ed nhieu ngUdi tren the gidi len tii'ng cinh bio ve nguy ca "My hda toan cau ",The he tre sdng d ede nQdc s6 3-2012 DifUva I /NC, phQdng Ddng g$p nhOng gid trj phQdng Tdy thQdng cd xu hQdng cQc doan, mudn xod bd hodn todn cdc gid trj truyin thd'ng cua ddn t|c minh NhOng gid trj dpo dQc truyin thdng vdn Id nilm tQ hdo cua ddn t^c, nhQ tinh thin t$p the, dQc tfnh lao dpng cin cCi, tilt ki$m, dl cao gid trj cdng ddng da bj Idp trd bd qua, khdng chu trpng Hp bi chodng ngpp trQdc cdc gid trj phQdng Tdy, md nhilu gid trj dd khdng phu hpp vdi thuin phong, m^ tyc cua ddn tpc minh, Cd chl qudn ly* kinh te - xd hpi dd tin tpi ke hd cho nhilu hi^n tQpng tidu cQc vdn hda dpo dQc hi^n nhQ tham nhQng, lang phi, Ipi dyng chQc quyln, ddi trd,,nhd't Id ngdnh gido dye - ddo tpo, cd chl qudn ly ciia chung ta dd tpo ndn sQ ddi trd dQdi cdc khau hidu "thi dua" vd b$nh thdnh tfch: chit IQpng gido dye- ddo tpo dpi trd gidm sut Hai li, v4 phuang di$n t6 chdc (vdi tucich b^ miy) nhi't li t6chdc doin nlin chCi ySu chl quan tim dSn ho^t dgng chlnh tri fhi/c dijmg hoic ho^t d^ng cd tinh chSt hinh chinh hda mi chua chd y d4n giio difc, rin luyin d^o ddc cho doin vlin, h^l vlin SQ gidc ngO ly tQdng chfnh trj hipn cd giam sut, Dilu ddng ndi Idn ring, d hp vdo Dang mang tinh thQc dyng chQ khdng phdi Id sQ tQ nguyen cdng hidn, Vin dl gido dye truyin thdng cdch mang cho thi he tre cung bpc Id ylu kdm, thdm chi nhilu hpc sinh, sinh vien hieu biet vl Ijch sQ ddn tpc rat yeu, Nhieu nguyen nhdn chu quan, khdch quan tdc dpng vdo nhd trudng nhQ chinh sdch gido dye, cd che thj trQdng thQdng mai hda gido dye mdt cdch tQ phdt, sQ suy gidm dao dQc ngodi xa hdi da lam suy giam vai trd gido dye van hda dao dQc cua nhd trQdng, Nhd trQdng dd mac mdt sai lam thap vd thdm chf coi thQdng gido dye dpo dQc, chl chu y gido due vd nhoi nhet kiln thQc, tri thQc khoa hpe Chung ta phai thQa nhdn mdt each cay ding rang chung ta da Idm suy yeu nin gido dye ciia chung ta,,, Chu nghTa thdnh tfch da bien chung ta thdnh nhOng ke ndi ddi, Ai sinh chii nghTa thdnh tfch nay? Mdt nhd trilt hpc da ndi:" Mdt din tdc khdng biit ndi thit li m^t din tgc suy tin" De phdt trien gid trj vdn hda dpo dQc cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn hipn ehung ta cin tap trung vdo m^t sd giai phdp sau ddy: Mgt li, phit huy vai trd cda cic thiit chi chlnh trj- xa hgi, Dang vi Nhi nUdc Ddy Id mdt giii phdp quan trpng cd vai trd to Idn vi$c trao quyln, gido dye vd bdo dam cho cdc gid trj, chuin mQc, khudn miu dpo dQc md nd dpi didn cdng ddng TrQdc hit ndi din vai trd cua Dang, vl Ddng ta Id mpt ddng elm quyln, tl chQc, lanh dpo sQ nghipp xdy dQng dit nQdc vd nin vdn hda ndi ridng " Ddng ta la dao dufc la vdn minh", "la trf tu$, IQdng tam va danh dQ" cua ddn tdc Dang phai treo gQdng dpo dQc Hi§n nay, Ddng dang cd sQ suy thodi tQ tQdng, dpo dQc vd Idi sdng, cho ndn vin dl xdy dQng chlnh ddn Ding Id mpt nhidm vy clp bdch mang ^ nghTa sdng cdn ciia chl dd chung ta, Nhd nQdc thdng qua ldp phdp d^c bidt Id cac thi chd kinh td tpo mdt tr§t tQ phdp \y, mOt san chdi cdng bang, hpp 1^, hlnh thdnh nin kinh t l thj trQdng van minh, giiip cho ngQdi ta c^nh tranh Idnh m^nh, phdt triln binh ding, phye vy trung thQc XQ ly ni minh cdng khai cdn bp, cdng chQc phdt hidn vd diu chdng tham nhQng Hal li, diy m^nh cic ho^t ddng truyin thing Vi dye dfio ddc cho hgc sinh, sinh vlin t^l c^ng ding dinh Kd thQa vd phdt huy cdc gid trj vdn hda dpo dQc t thing cCia ddn t0c, tilp thu cdc gid trj dpo dQc tii cua nhdn lopi Do hodn cdnh diu tranh dQng node \ nQdc ddn tdc ta dd t^o ndn mpt truyin thdng vdn dpo dQc tdt dpp, Trong dd truyin thing dgo dQc gl cd nhdn - gia dinh- Idng xi - Td qudc vd "thuang / thuang nhi- thuang ngudi- thuang minh' Id mpt t cao dpp, Cdc gid trj vdn hda dpo dQc truyin thdni ddn tdc phdi trd thdnh cd sd cho sQ sdng tpo gid t cua thd hd trd hdm nay, Gido dye truyin thdng p ddi vdi vide chuyin ddi cdc gid trj cd truyin thdnh ci trj hipn dpi, Chuyin ddi Id Idm mdi cdc gid trj cu, h cdc gid trj cQ vdo nhidm vy mdi, ydu clu mdi cho 6t vd thdi dpi, Ba li, ling ghip vi^c giio di^c d^o ddc, lit sing, cich, vio cic hofit d^ng ddi sing thudng ngiy gia dinh cua hgc sinh, sinh vlin Gia dinh Id td bdo, nhdn cua xd hdi, Gia dinh khdng binh ydn thi xd hpi K dn djnh, Dpo dQc ldi sdng cua ngQdi bdt dau thdnh to tudi Iu thd gia dinh,Tinh trpng suy yi gia dinh dang ngdy cdng phd biln, nhd trQdng vd x ed vai trd to Idn ddi vdi thd hd trd, nhQng khdng tha dope gia dinh cin huy ddng sQc mpnh xa hdi nhO hda gidi dja ban ddn cQ tham gia xdy dQng ciii gia dinh, NhQng tinh cdm sdu sdc cua ngQdi di xd hpi, ddi vdi ddn tpc, ddi vdi nhdn loai, trQdc hi nguIn tQ nhOng tinh cam tQ nhidn gia dinh giO con, vp chdng, anh em, Vl vdy d n phai phdi hpp dye nhd trQdng vd gia dinh hidn Id cdn thilt vd qud Bin li, dii mdi phuong thdc giio dye dfio ddc ti/i dii vdi thi hi tre Cin thay ddi phQdng phdp vd c dung dpy hpc cdc mdn khoa hpc x§ hdi nhdn vdn cdc nhd trudng nhOng mdn ndy trQc tidp gdn vdi vip( thdnh nhdn cdch d^o dQc cua hpc sinh sinh vidr dung mdn hpc phdi mang tfnh xde thQc mang tinh tl phye, chinh phye dQpc tim, khdi dc the hd tre, f thiy phdi cd nilm tin vdo nhOng didu minh ndi th truyin Ipi cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn nhOng tri thQc kho de tpo ndn nilm tin cho hp Tdm lpi, phdt triln gia trj vdn hda d^o dQc chi sinh, smh vidn hipn thQc chit Id phdt triln nhdn cua ngudi Vipt Nam ma chiing ta ci n dpt tdi khdch quan khdng phdi la sdn phim chu quan I ngudi phdt triln todn didn vd hdi hda vd tri tu the chat_, ye tam hdn vd ve vdn hda d^o dQc NhOn ngQdi se lam chu thQc SQ ddi vdi bin thdn vd dd't hd« h i i l ' r T ' ' ' " ^ "^^^* ^^° ^"^ "9hidP cdng n hdi, ddn chu, cdng bing, van minh ... anh hudng tdc dpng den ddng dao hpc sinh, sinh vien hien Day chfnh Id nhQng nhdn td khdch quan tac ddng den phdt trien gid trj van hda dao dQc cho hpc sinh, sinh vien hien Theo tdi nguyen nhdn... hinh." Dac biet, nen kinh te thj trQdng, xu the todn cau hod, nen kinh t l tri thQc, viec md rdng giao IQu hdi nhdp vdi the gidi, dang tao nhieu cd hdi, dieu kien cho hpc sinh, sinh vien phdt huy... ndi len vdn Id: Mgt li; Nguyen nhin kinh teli mot nguyen nhin true tiep giy nin tinh tr^ng hgc sinh, sinh vien tha hda ve vin hda d^o ddc Dac bipt Id nen kinh te thj trQdng md nhieu hoat ddng