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DOUvoHpC so 10 2012 Day each hoc cho sinh vien mpt tieu chf quan trgng cua phiftfng phap day hpc of dai hpc TS PHAIVl THI KIM ANII Vien NCSP Trudng DHSP Ha Ndi 1 Day each hgc cho SV la mdt y€u cdu cap[.]
DOUvoHpC s o 10-2012 Day each hoc cho sinh vienmpt tieu chf quan trgng cua phiftfng phap day hpc of dai hpc TS PHAIVl THI KIM ANII Vien NCSP - Trudng DHSP Ha Ndi Day each hgc cho SV la mdt y€u cdu cap thiet D l i m6i cdch dgy va hpc d DH Id m^t doi hoi gdt gao bdi ednh biing n l thdng Un ciia mOt xa h^i hifin dgi, ddng thdi Id m$t yfiu clu d p thilt ciia thyc t l nhim nfing cao chll tupng ddo Igo Sy bit cfip CLia gido dye dgi hpc hifin khdng ehl thl hifin d qui md, chuang trinh dao tgo, phUOng Ihde quin li, diu lu, chit lupng md cdn d phQPng phdp ddo Igo Thyc l l eho Ihly phuong phdp dgy vd hpc DH v l n d$t trpng Ifim vdo vi^c dgy ciia gidng vifin SV lilp thu m^t cdch thy dfing, chua Igo thdi quen trf tufi, kT ndng phdn tteh v l n d l , kha ndng lilp thu, di&n dgt l l chirc, xis If thdng tin Ndi Idm Igi, SV chua biet cdch hpc is DH VI v$y, dgy cdch hpc cho SV dupe coi Id mpt tifiu chf ciia d l i mdi giao dye dgi hpc Cdc nha nghifin cQu gido dye da chf ba tiiu chl cho phuang phip d$y vi hgc d dfii hgc: + Vific dgy cdch hpc, hpc each hpc d l tgo Ihdi quen, niem say mfi vd ndng hpc sudt ddi Id nfii dung bao qudt ciia viee dgy vd hpe OH + Lly ngudi hpc tdm taing tdm ho$c hudng vao ngudi hpc (learner centered) d l phdt huy tfnh chii dfing cua ngudi hpc + ICT (cfing nghfi thong tin va truyln thdng) cd t h l giup ngudi chpn nhfip va xif iy thdng tin nhanh chdng de bien thdnh tri IhQc Ngh| quylt 14/2005/QD-CP ciia Chinh phu ve 'Eloimdied bin vi toin di$n giio dgc d^i hgc Vi^t Nam giai do^n 2006 2020' ngdy 02 thdng 11 ndm 2005 cQng da khing djnh " Trang bj cich hgc cho ngddi hgc (tdc li d^y cich hge va hgc cich hgc), phit huy thh chu ddng cOa ngt^l hgc vi sd dgng cdng ngh$ thdng tin vi truySn thdng ho^t dgng day va hgc ti ba tiiu dil dii mdi dio t^' Oilu d6 cho thiy cdch hpc dang 16 v l n d l quan tdm d l i mdi gido dye dgi hpe Trong thdi dgi ngdy nay, khoa hpc vfi tri thQc da phat trien Iheo c ^ sd nhdn Ngu£t) ta Udc tfnh ring, cQ ndm thi tri thQc nhdn logi tdng glp d&i Vdi tic dfi phdl triln nhanh cita khoa hpc vd biln tri thite nhdn togi mfinh mfing nhu thl, nhi trudng diJ cd d g&ng d i n mdy cQng khdng cung d p dii mpi kiln IhQc cho ngQdi hpe de sdng vd Idm viec ca ddi Bdi vay, giao dye phai hQdng ngddi hoe vdo viee hoe each hgc va day each hgc de hp hpc dQpe sudl ddi vd khdng bi ehet dudi mdt be thdng tin SQ menh eiia nhd IrQdng dpi hpc la phai day each hpc cho SV Bdi myc lieu If lUdng cua giao due la phai tao dddc kha nang hpc tgp va day each hge chd khdng phai Id day hpc cai gi Nam 1998, Tcng Ihdng MT ban thdng diep quan trpng ndi ve giao dye dai hpe da nhan mgnh de'n mue lieu dao Igo cudi cung Id giup SV cd the ty hpe Vi vdy, viec giang dgy d DH la phai khai ihde vd lan dpng ndi lye ciia SV de giup hp bill each hpc vd ly hpe sudt ddi Xual phal IQ myc lieu tren, giang vifin DH hien khdng cdn la ngQdi truyen Ihy kie'n IhQe ma la ngQdi hd trd, hQdng dan SV lim ehpn va xQ ly Ihdng lin, ddng thdi phai blng tri tufi vd sy tdng Irli cua minh de din d i l SV ty hpc, Viec doi mdi cdch dgy ciia gilng vien se dan den doi mdi each hpc cua SV, Cdch hpe cua SV ed y nghTa quyel djnh cho chat lupng va hieu qui eiia hoat dpng hoc Nd dem lai nhQng Uu I h l va y nghTa sau day: + SV bie't each vd cd kT nang thu nhdn kien thde +Bao dam tinh lieh cQc, ehii ddng ciia ngudi hpe +Hinh Ihdnh phuPng phdp hpc lap khoa hpc + Phdl trien hdng thu nhan IhQe, thda man nhu cau lim tdi, khdm pha cua ngUdi hpc +Bao dim tdt nhat yeu eau cd biel hda dgy hoe, phu hpp vdi toe dp, nhip dd hoc lap ciia tQng ngudi hpc, +Phu hpp dgc diem tam ly-nhgn IhQc, nhan each ciia ngudi hpe trudng thdnh +Bao dam xu hudng ddn ehii hda nha trudng +Phu hpp vdi dilu kien khdng gian va thdi gian ciia vific ddo Igo xd hpi hien dgi Mpt so' kg't qua khao sat v^ each hoc cua sinh vien dai hoc hign Theo ket qua dieu tra nghifin cQu Irfin 1000 SV trudng Dgi hpc KHXH&NV eiia PGS.TS Nguyen Cdng Khanh-Trudng DHSP Ha Npi thl cd Hdn 50% SV dugc khao sat khdng that so LOSft?^ tin vao nang lue tuhge cOa minh Cd tdi tren 40% cho rang mhh khdng co kha nang tOhge va gan 70% SV eho rang minh khdng cd nang lOc tU nghien cdu" Qua phdng van tren 1.000 sinh vien nam thQ eiia TrQdng DH Can Thd Irong nam 2009 ve van de nghien cQu khoa hpe (NCKH) Irong nha IrUdng eho Ihd'y 68,52% SV ed hieu biel chinh xac ve NCKH, cd tdi 31,48% sinh vien chUa ndm dddc the nao la NCKH (Theo Bao Dan In dien id 29/3/2010) De thay rd thdc Irang ve each hoc ciia SV sU pham hien nay, chung ldi cung da lien hanh khao sat 200 SV nam thQ nhat d cdc khoa KHXH cua IrQdng DHSP Ha Ndi Kel qua khao sdt eho Ihay: + 98% SV cho rang, each hpc d DH la quan trpng (trong cd 2% eho Id rat quan trpng) + 85% SV bd ngd vdi each hge dai hoc Mpt sd each hgc ma eac em cd dUdc nhU dpc sach, thu Ihap thong tin qua lai lieu, intemet, ghi ehep, thuye't trinh, dgt cau hdi, hpc nhdm^la cd nhdn Ihu lUpm dUdc tQ ban be, gia dinh vd thiy ed giao d phd thdng 4- Ve mde dd bie't v4 mot SO each hgc chung tdi Ihu du^c ket qua sau: Mirc (Ya) Cac each hoc TT Khong Biet chira biet thao Biet thao Cach doc sach 98 Cach thuyet trinh, dien thuyet 31 64 Cach ghi chep bai giang 11 85 4 Cach lap ke hoach hoc tap 15 85 Cach tliu thap thong tin de giai quyet mot van de 18 82 Cach lap bang, bieu 14 86 Cach so sanh -doi chieu 22 76 Cach tim vi du minh hpa 18 82 Cach dung an du 45 53 10 Cach tao va lap luan (chtrng minh) mgt gia thUyet 44 56 11 Cach tu dinit nghTa kliai niem 36 64 12 Cach lap ban tu' 17 82 13 Cach torn tat, he thong hoa kien thtrc 84 11 14 Cach dat ciju hoi cho nguoi khac 17 82 15 Cach tu dat cau hoi, tu tra loi 25 72 16 Cach hoc nhom 28 71 17 Cach hoc nglie qua tliuc tap su pham tnrdng thong 54 42 18 Cach quan sat gio hgc a truffng thong 42 58 19 Cach str dung vii khai thac cong nglie thong tin qua trinh hgc tap 25 64 11 20 Cach lam mgt bai tap ngliien ciju khoa hgc giao due 49 51 TL/ ket qua khao sat tren cho chung ta di t6t mot vai nhan xet sau: 1)- Mifc biet ve mpt so each hpc cua SV CO sy khac fi tirng each hep 2}-SP dong sinh vien da biet cac caph hop sau Caph dop sach (98%), each ghi chep bai giang (85%); each lap ke hpaph iiop tap (85%), cacii lap bang bieu (86%), caph tim vi du minh iipa (82%) paph lap ban dp tu (82%); pach tpm tat he thong hoa kien thdp (84%); pach dat cau hdi php ngubi khap (82%), pach hpc nhom (71%) 3)-So dcng SV khpng biet eap paph hpc sau Caph thuyel trinh, diln thuyet (31 %) Caph dijng an dy (45%); each tap va tap iuan (phdng mmh) mpt gia thuyet (44%); caph tiJ dinh nghTa khai niem (36%); pach hop nghe qua thyp tap sd pham trudng thdng (54%,), paph quan sat gid hpp d trudng thpng (42%) each iam m6t bai tap nghien pdu khoa hpp giao dup (49%) 4)-IV)dcdo biet pach hpp thap ia rat it; chipp 1%s6 SV biet thap caph lap ban tU duy; biet pach dat cau hdl Php ngudi khap, biet each hoc nhom.: 2% biet theo caph tap bang bieu, dpi Phieu -so sanh, paph dung an dy.) fl mpt SP paph hpp ppn iai ia 0%, sp SV biet mot paph theo Qua mpt vai sp iieu khao sat tren, ehung ta thay ro r&og pach hpc pua SV dai hpp ndi phung, SV DHSP noi rieng w nhieu ban Phe, ppn thieu nhdng kTnang pp ban trpng hpct^ trudng dgi hpp Dac bi&t, nhdng tan SV nam hpc diu tien deu rat ngd ngang Irudp paph hpp dgi hpp Hau het cas em phua thiph nghi dupp vdi paph day pija giang vi6n v4 khpng biet iam the nao de cd the nghe dupc Idi thay giang,v4 ghi Phep dupp tpan bp idi thay ca ndi Dp la phda ke sy liillll (Xem ti^p Uang 27) DtBjyaHQC s o 10-2012 27 ^ B6i dt/dng khfch IS nhi!ng cd gdng TS chflc thao l u ^ v l nhu cau sinh vien dflpc ngfldi khde Ihfla nhdn co glng cua minh Va G V cung nhu sinh vidn mfit khia cgnh nao cung cd nhu c l u tuong tU Vi vdy chung toi mgnh dgn dua gpi y rang nha tnJdng vd cae can bg nganh gido dye cd nhi^m vy dao tgo va huln luyen GV v l nhflng phflong phdp mdi ma Bp giao dye ddo tgo da Irien khai va l p dyng, can chuan bj mdl chu IrUPng va kfi hoaeh d l tuyen dUPng khdng chi nhflng G V cong Irong thyt hign mot phflPng phdp mdi ldp hpc cua hp md cdn cho cae nhflng nd Iflc (phd each) ma hp da I h l hifin co gdng lao mpt sfl Ihay d l i ldn ldp hpc, VI vgy, chung tdi ed I h l di xa hdn mdt chtil ma ndi rang "ngay ca cdn ed difiu nghi vfin ta vSn cfl chflc mflngi" TTidba: Cd le la difiu quan trpng nhal, eac nhd gido due can mpt khao khat va mot quyet lam cho mpl sfl thay doi dung nghla Da cd ldi phdn nan rang nha trudng ndi ehung, cd xu hfldng cfldng lai sfl doi mdi vd nhat la ede GV dQng ldp, hp gan nhfl dflng dflng doi vdi sfl doi thay Thgm ehi ed nhieu ngfldi edn khang khdng ndi rang kha ndng doi mdi phUOng phdp gilng dgy va thfle hdnh Iren Idp Ihdng qua no lUC ddo tao GV Id khdng ddng ke Id nho den mflc ehung ta khdng can co gang lam gi Chung tdi lin ludng rang dd la mdl quan diem nhin chung khd bi quan khdng chi ve viec dao tao dpi ngij GV ma cdn vfi dgy hpc ndi chung Tuy vdy, chflng ldi cung dong y rang mot sfl thay doi chinh quy la rat khd Cac GV b^n rpn dd Idm viee Iheo mpt le Ihdi mdl kholng thdi gian ddi se ed nhQng li vflng vdng cho vific khdng sfl dyng mfit phUOng phap mdi nao heL muon Ihay doi mpl hifin trgng phli thflc sfl mong muon mpl sfl doi thay IQ mfit quyfil tdm ldn thl mdi cd Ihe khlc phye dupe "con bao" chic chan khong Iranh khdi sfl thay doi l y xiy Chung tdi eung Iflu y rang khdng chung la qud ngdy Ihd d l nghi rang tit c l cdc GV dfiu cd cung mpt mfle mong muon vd quyfil lam can thiel d l doi mdi phuong phdp gilng dgy nhln chung, mfil nhdm nhd GV Irong nhd Irudng the hidn nhidt tinh cho mpt sfl each ldn nao dd cd the "truyfin" ifla nhigt tinh eho todn the hfii dgng GV, Ndi cho rd nghia hOn ddi chung tfii gdp mfit ed nhdn dOn le Irong mpl ngdi Injdng da Ird chit xuc lac chti ylu cho mfil sfl Ihay doi Idn, quy md, Sau cung mdt vai suy nghf cua ehung tdi khdng phai hfldng den t i l ea mpi ngQdi Irong thflc te, chung tdi nhim den nhQng ngQdi dang ngoi va chd dpi mfit sfl mdi gpi Iham gia vao cdng eufic doi mdi phfldng phdp dgy hpe, Chung ldi lin ring ban ed mfil mong mufin vd quyfil Idm dd se la mdt ddng lflc Idn cho vide thay doi dang di^n ngdnh giao dye ehung ldi mong mdi eac bgn hay nudi dudng eai Qdc md vd quyfil lam l y vd ehiing tfii cung hy vpng rang bdi vifil se Id mdt edng ey hiJOj ich eho bgn bgn nd Ifle gdp mpl phin vao cude cdch mgng chuyin d l i giao dye tfl mpl nghe thugl mfit khoa hpc DAY CACH HOC (Tiip theo trang 22) tung viec lap ke hogch, quan K va phan tw ttidi gian cho phu hpp vdi phflOng Ihfle dao tao theo tfn chi d InJdng dai hpc, chua ke cdc ki ndng hoc tdp theo nhdm, tu dpc sdeh, lam bdi tdp nghifin cinj cdn r l l yeu Qua Ira ldi phdng v l n , SV dfiu cho ring nguyen nhdn cua tinh trgng trfin Id trfldng DH chUa quan tdm den viee Irang b| eho SV each hpc, chUa hudng din, day cho SV cdch hpc Mat khae, kiem tra, danh gia eung nhu Irong qud Irinh hpc tap d tren Idp giang vien ft ehO y den caeh hpe ciia SV nhu the ndo, chi ddnh gia qua dilm so, qua viec cd trd ldi dung npi dung eau hdi kiem tra hay khong Ngoai nhQng nguyfin nhan trfin, cdn thai dp, dpng eP va y Ihflc hpc tap eua SV Nhieu SV ehfla Ifl trang bi cho minh cdch hpe d DH phu hpp vdi ea nhan, ludn ed thai dp thy dpng, y lai vao bdi gilng cua GV, thfle hien eac bai lap lam viee Iheo nhdm mpt cdch hinh IhQc, ehieu Id Cd the ndi khdng qua ring, each hpc ciia SV IQ xua den ral ngng ve Qng thi va bang cap, hpe la d l tra tht, de Qng phd vdi Ihi cfl, de ed ta'm bdng lam edng cu tien than Cd khdng ft trudng hpp SV nhd ngUdi khae hpe hp, thi giup NhUvdy, hpe khdng phai vdi mue dieh de ed nang lue, kien thflc, d l sau ndy tam thay gidi Chinh bdi vgy, khdng cd gi ngae nhien kit qua difiu tra mdi ddy eiia mpl de lal elp Nha nUde Bd Nguyen Thi Binh lam ehu nhiem da cho biet ed ldi tren 40% sd SV sU phgm mudn doi nghe ed cd hpi Bien phap nao de trang bj each hpc cho SV dai hoc 3.1 vfi phia sinh vien + Tim hllu, lam quen va thich nghi vdi edeh hpc d dgi hpe IQ mdi bQdc vdo trudng +Nang eao nhgn thQc cho SV ve sfl can Ihiel phli biet cdch hpe d dai hpe, tranh loi hpe thy ddng, y lgi vao gilng vien + Tfl trang bi cho minh nhflng ki nang cin Ihiel de cd each hpe hieu qua 3.2 Ve phia trfldng dai hpc va gidng vien + Xdy dflng kfi hogeh vd chuong irinh de bdi dudng each hpe eho SV tfl ndm Ihfl nhlt, Cd the xay dflng mpt hpc phdn hoac mdt tin ehi dfla vdo ehuOng trinh bat bupc + Bdi dudng nang iQc cho dpi ngij giang vien d l dim nhdn tfil vai trd vfla la ngUdi ddn ddt, tnjyen dgt kien Ihflc cho SV vQa Id ngQdi dgy each hpe cho SV + Bien soan cdc tdi lieu hQdng dan day each hpc eho SV, bien dQdi dgng "Cam nang ve each hpc" de SV d l sQ dyng + DOI mdi manh me phQdng phap day hpc d DH, each kiem tra, ddnh gid, thi efl de danh gid kT nang hpe lap eiia SV, tQ SV biet each hpe d DH Kit tuin dgy dgi hpe Id dgy each hpc cho SV Chflng ndo TAI LIEU THAM KHAO tnj'dng dgi hpe quan lam den van de Ihi SV mdi thQc sfl 1, Wright, S P., Horn, S P , S Sanders, Vtf, L(1997) TeacherS Idm chil viec hpc tdp cua minh vd "dgi hpc" mdi la "IQ hpe" nhu classroom cotexl effects on student achievement Implications tor GS Trin Van Gidu cQng nhQ nhifiu hpc gil nQdc ta da tQng teacher evalualton Journal ol Personnel Evaluation in Educadon 11, khang djnh 57-67, TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 2.English L D (1997}.Children'sreasoninginclassifyingand solving computational word problems In, L, D English (Ed) Math1, Dinh Quang Bao "Nghiin cOU biin so^n tii fi^ each hgc cho S emaltcal reasoning; Anatogies, metaphors and images (pp 191-220) Da/Kx:sflpham"Mas6SPHN-09-465 VifenNghifen ciru Suphgm Mahwah NJ; Lawrence Eribaum Nguyin Cinh Toai (chil bidn) - Hgc va day c£ch hgc - NXBBHSP, 3, Geriic, L & Jausovee, N (1999) Multimedia: Differences in Hd Ndt 2004 cognitive processes obsen/ed with EEG: Educational Technotogy 3.NguydnGdnhTodn(chiibien)-Qudtrinhdgy-Iflhoc NXBGD, Research and Devetopment 47(3), 5-14 Hd Ndi 1997 ... KHXH cua IrQdng DHSP Ha Ndi Kel qua khao sdt eho Ihay: + 98% SV cho rang, each hpc d DH la quan trpng (trong cd 2% eho Id rat quan trpng) + 85% SV bd ngd vdi each hge dai hoc Mpt sd each hgc... Qua Ira ldi phdng v l n , SV dfiu cho ring nguyen nhdn cua tinh trgng trfin Id trfldng DH chUa quan tdm den viee Irang b| eho SV each hpc, chUa hudng din, day cho SV cdch hpc Mat khae, kiem tra,... Nguyen Thi Binh lam ehu nhiem da cho biet ed ldi tren 40% sd SV sU phgm mudn doi nghe ed cd hpi Bien phap nao de trang bj each hpc cho SV dai hoc 3.1 vfi phia sinh vien + Tim hllu, lam quen va