Mot SO d§ xuat v§ mO hinh hop tao giiia truofng dai hoc va cac doi tac TS PHAM TH; THANH HONG & TS NGUYEN DANH NGUVgN Vtin Kinh ti& Qudn ly, TrUdng DH Bdch khoa Hd N^i N hflng nam gan diy, hi thdng gi[.]
Mot SO d§ xuat v§ mO hinh hop tao giiia truofng dai hoc va cac doi tac TS PHAM TH; THANH HONG & TS NGUYEN DANH Vtin Kinh ti& Qudn ly, TrUdng DH Bdch khoa Hd N^i N hflng nam gan diy, hi thdng giio dye d^ hpe trdn thi gidi da vi dang xu thi chuyen minh m?inh me tfl bo?it ddng dio tao, nghien eflu, ti'n ddi mdi ed chi td ehflc vi quin ly, quy Irinh thfle hivii ho^it ddng vi cic mdi quan h^ vdi cac ddi tie Nhflng thay ddi Irong c;ic trfldng d?i hpe nhieu nguyen nhan tie dpng, cd the bao gdm: (1) xu thi toin eJiu hda va qudc tc hda ddi \di mpi to chfle lu' doanh nghiqi eho den phi doanh nghiep (Deresky, 1997; Valis, 1998); (2) Cd cau hoat ddng lai eic td ehflc thay ddi sang dang ma tran hoae dang mang Ifldi va xu the da diy manh cic hinh thfle lien ket chien Iflpe vi linh hoqit thich flng gifla cie to ehflc; (3) Cie td chfle ehi boat dpng qua mang (td ehflc io) cung ddi ngiy m^t nhieu hdn; (4) Nen kinh ti dfla tren tri thfle ngiy cing trd nen manh me hdn, keo theo sfl phit trien cua Unh vfle djch vy, ddng thdi eic ngudn nhin Iflc vi chuyen gia mdi nginh dflpc nhin dien nhfl mdt hing hda chien Iflpe, ket hpp vdi nang sfl dyng edng nghe thdng tin (Burns and Yazdifar, 2001) cing triet de; (5) Khich hing, ngfldi sfl dung eic sin pham vi djch vy eflng dflpc dio tao tdt hdn, va dd, trd nen khic bi^t hdn, cac Ifla chpn cfla hp trd nen rpng hdn vi thdng tin quyet djnh cho ngfldi sfl dyng cung trd nen chuyen bi?t hdn vi ngiy cing dflpc chu trpng hdn (Parker, 2001); (6) Chat Iflpng va mfle dp rd rang giai trinh trd thinh nhflng yeu td quan trpng linh vfle tfl nhin, linh vfle edng vi ei linh vfle khdng thu Ipi nhu^n, dd ed giio due (Gould and Parker, 1999) Ben canh nhflng thay doi dd, chflng ta cung dang chflng kien sfl gia ting sd Iflpng sinh vien ea dai hpe vi sau dai hpc, sfl dinh hfldng cua cic ehinh phu nham phd cip eic kien thfle chuyen nginh toin xi hdi eflng nhfl chinh bin thin eic trfldng d^i hpc dang tim kiem nhflng ngudn thu tfl sinh vien Ddng thdi, ip Iflc ddi vdi cic trfldng dai hpc cdn tang len, cic chfldng trinh dio tao vdi sfl hd trp cua internet vi cdng nghi thdng tin d i dflpc Ian truyen vi cung cap tdi nhieu khu vfle dia ly khic Trflde nhflng ip Iflc nhfl vay, cac trfldng dai hpc bat dau chu y nhieu hdn tdi viec hpp tic vdi cic doanh nghiep Tai Vi?t Nam, nhflng nim gan day, hpp tic gifla trfldng dai hpc v i cac ddi tic (bao gdm ca cac cdng ty dao tao tfl nhin) dflpc thfle hi^n chu yeu mdi CdNG NGHI|P» Ky 1, thing 04/2012 NGUVgN chi dflng I^i d hoat ddng dio t^o, dd ming dflpc phit triin rim rd hi$n li, cac trfldng liln kit vdi cic trfldng d^i hpc nfldc ngoii (thdng qua cic cdng ly dio tao tfl nhin) hoae dai hpe nfldc khic, nhJini Igo nhflng chfldng trinh dio tao hpp tic, thu hul Iflpng sinh vien nfldc, tfl dd tao flu the canh tranh hnh vfle dio tao dai hpc Tuy nhiln, ming liln kit hfla h?n tfldng lai phit triin eho eic trfldng dai hpe trd thinh cic trfldng ed tam ed qudc tl lien kit gifla Irfldng dai hpc vi eic doanh nghiep, thi hien cdn bi bd ngd vi phit triin chfla ddng diu cic trfldng dai hpc Kinh nghif m h^p tac giuTa tru'dng d^i hpc va cac doanh nghiep t^i mpt so quoc gia tren the gidi Tai eae nfldc cdng nghiep phat triin, moi lien kit gifla cic trfldng dai hpc vi eic nginh cdng ngh| dang dan trd thinh mdt bd phin cua he thdng ddi mdi, tao nen tam giie phit trien cua xi hdi tri thfle, thi hien mdi quan h | gifla chinh phu - trfldng dai hpe - doanh nghilp 1.1 Kinh nghiem ciia My (3 My, sfl hpp tic gifla cac trfldng dai hpc vdi doanh nghiep dflpc hd trp bdi nhflng chinh sich die biet cua lien bang va cua tflng bang H^ thdng giao due cua My bao gdm nhieu lo^ trfldng, nhfl cic trfldng cdng, trfldng tfl, trfldng tdn giao, khdng chiu sfl quan If t4p trung efla Nhi nfldc Do dd, h^ thdng da thue day c?uih tranh gifla cic trfldng, nhim thu hut sinh viln, md rdng quy md cic nginh dio tao, nang cao chat Iflpng de tao uy tin Tfl nim 1995, mpt sd ca chi vi phfldng phip quan ly cua eic trfldng d^i hpc My ddi vdi boat ddng lien kit da cd nhilu thay ddi Nhilu trfldng dai hpe vdi nang Iflc nghien eflu tdt d i hinh cic cdng ty co phan cdng nghe tfl cie boat ddng cua vfldn fldm cdng nghi Cac doanh nghiep da dflpc hinh tfl sfl cap phep (bin quyen cdng nghe) va sfl gdp vdn cua cic ddi tic dau tfl di hinh thinh cac edng ty cdng nghe de sfl dung cic phat minh cfla nha trfldng nhfl mpt each thu ldi tfl nhflng sang che ve cdng nghe cua minh Cac trfldng dai hpc Idn coi viec dflpc cap phep bin quyin cdng ngh^ li mdt bp phan cau cua cac quan he gifla nha trfldng vdi doanh nghilp Nam tai chinh 2002, di Website: www.taDchiconanahieD.vn DAO TAO NGOON NHAN t i r c B cd 443 giay phep efla cic trfldng cap eho eae doanh nghiep theo kilu doanh nghiep chip nhin rang, nhflng giay phep dd cung li cd phieu NhQng tbda thuan kilu tang gap lan tfl nam 2001 den nim 2002 Iheo dieu tra cua hiep hdi eic nha quan ly thupc cic trfldng dai hpe, boat dpng chuyen giao edng nghe cua cie trfldng dai hpe tai My da gdp phan dfla 697 sin pham mdi thi trfldng nam 2006, ning tdng sd sin pham mdi giai doan 1998-2006 len 4.350; 553 doanh nghiep mdi dflpc thinh lap nam 2006, dfla tdng sd doanh nghiep mdi Irong giai doan 1980-2006 len 5.724, qua dd tao hing ty USD gii tri kinh t l vi vile lim mdi eho ngfldi lao ddng 1.2 Kinh nghiem cua Nhdt Bdn Mdt nhflng dfl an dien blnh va Idn nhi't eP ehi hpp tie gifla Dai hpe Kyoto vdi Tip doin Canon la chan doin bang hinh inh iTnh vfle y le Xuat phit tfl nhflng thich thfle ma xa hdi Nhit Bin vi cic nfldc phit triin khic phai ddi mat tinh trang din sd gii hda Canon vi Dai hpe Kyoto phdi hpp tiin hinh eic dfl in quan trpng nham phit minh nhflng cdng nghe hien dai de phit hien sdm cic cin b|nh hilm ngheo, tfl dd giim ehi phi x i hdi cham sde ngfldi gii Diy li dfl in ed sfl tii trp efla Bd Giao dye va Bd Khoa hpe Cdng nghe vdi sd tien tai trp bing nam khoing 10 trieu USD, keo dii 10 nam vi dflpc tien hanh tfl nim 2000 Myc tieu cua dfl an li dio tao dpi ngu ky sfl cic trfldng dai hpc vi dfla cac sin pham khoa hpe edng nghe den giai doan thflPng mai hda Mdt vi dy khic, Dai hpc Keio la trfldng dai hpe tfl thue dau tien dflpc thinh lip vio nim 1858 vi li mdt nhflng trfldng danh tilng nhat cua Nhit Bin, cung da triin khai hoat ddng hpp tie vdi cac doanh nghiep mdt cich rat manh me Hpp tie gifla Dai hpc Keio vdi cie doanh nghiep chfl ylu li hpp tic vi chuyin giao edng nghe tfl trfldng dai hpe tdi cic doanh nghiep Trong tdng sd ngin sich dinh cho nghien eflu khoing 160 trieu USD cfla Keio nam 2006, thi ed 61,4% li khoin dau tfl efla ehinh quyIn trung flPng va dja phfldng 29,5% tien ho trp la tfl cie cdng ty tfl nhan Nhd sfl khuyen khich cua chinh phfl vi luat xuc tien chuyen giao cdng nghe, nam 2006, Keio da nop 323 dpn xin cap bang phit minh sang che v i ngoii nfldc, 43 doanh nghiep chap nhin sfl dyng eic phit minh sing che cfla trfldng v i sd dfl in hpp tie nghien eflu li 35 da ning khoan tien thu cho trfldng len 700 trieu Yen, cung vdi sd giay phep dflpc cap li 218 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc Tfl dau nam 1980, cic chien Iflpe vi myc tieu ting efldng nang Iflc nghien eflu da chiem vi tri trung tim cic chinh sich phit triin cua Trung Qudc Mdt nhflng thay ddi rat quan trpng chinh sich phit trien khoa hpe cdng nghe li thue day eic boat ddng nghien eflu tai cac trfldng dai hpc Idn dflpc nhi Website: www.tapchicongn^hiep.yn- nfldc cap vdn va ihflpng mai hda cic sin pham nghien eflu Trflde diy, doanh nghiep efla cic trfldng dai hpe chu ylu lim nhiem vy hau can cho boat ddng hpe tip efla sinh vien, nhfl lao viec lam them, cung cap kinh phi bd sung eho eae trfldng dai hpe Chi tfl gifla thip nien 1980, boat ddng thfldng m^i hda phit trien, thi cic nghiln eflu d eae kbda mdi trd nhi|m vy quan trpng efla nhflng doanh nghiep trfldng dai hpe, mac du hau hit cac cdng ty niy lai khdng boat dpng iTnh vfle edng nghe Nam 2001, da ed 40% edng ty cua trfldng dai hpc tham gia vao eic boat ddng lien kit linh vfle khoa hpe vi edng nghe Doanh sd cfla cie edng ty niy ehilm ty I| 2,3% doanh sd cua cie edng ty edng ngh| cao cua ei nfldc, khoing mpt nfla doanh thu efla cac cdng ty li eae edng ty efla Dai hpe Bac Kinh vi Dai hpe Thanh Hoa ddng gdp Theo flde tinh cua Bp Giio dye Trung Qudc, ehi 10% edng trinh nghien eflu vi boat ddng ddi mdi cfla trfldng dai hpc dflpc thflPng mai hda Tuy nhiln tflPng lai, sd niy se tilp tyc ting cie cin bd cfla cac trfldng dai hpc Trung Qudc tham gia trfle tilp vio ehinh sich phit trien kinh te dia phflpng ngiy cing nhieu, dd mdi quan he gifla tri thfle vi thfle tien ben chit Nhilu trung tim chuyen giao edng nghe cua cac trfldng dai hpc di dflpc ddi thdi gian gan diy Lien ket giu'a cac tru'dng dai hpc va doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam Hien nay, mac dfl boat ddng lien kit gifla nhi trfldng va doanh nghiep dang dflpc cic trfldng dai hpc vi eic doanh nghiep quan tim tiin hinh, song eic boat ddng niy van cdn nhd le, tfl phit, chfla hieu qui vi chfla phit huy hit tilm nang Mdt nhflng nguyen nhin cua tinh trang niy li ei nhi trfldng vi doanh nghiep chfla tim dflpc hinh thfle hen kit, hpp tic ed hieu qui Kinh nghiem cfla cic nfldc cho thay, cac hinh thfle hen kit nha trfldng - doanh nghiep rat phong phfl, da dang ci ve hinh thfle va ndi dung Tuy nhien, xet dilu kien ey thi tai Viet Nam, ed thi ap dyng eic hinh thfle lien kit sau diy: (1) Lien kit dao tao, (2) hpp tie nghien eflu, (3) chuyen giao cdng nghe, (4) xiy dflng vfldn flpm doanh nghiep, (5) thinh lip doanh nghiep trfldng dai hpc vi thinh lip trfldng dai hpc doanh nghi|p, vi (6) lip trung tim hd trp viec lim cho sinh vien De md rpng vi ning cao chat Iflpng lien kit, ddi hdi phii cd no Iflc ddng bd cua cic nha dio tao, nhi sfl dung vi die biet la sfl hd trp cua chinh sich theo hfldng tao eP ehi tfl ehu vi tao ddng Ifle cho ci hai phia, die biet li phia eic cP sd dio tao Can ehu y mdt sd diem thfle hien md hinh hen kit nha trfldng vdi doanh nghiep nhfl sau: (Xem tiep trang 55) ã Ky Ihang 04/2012 ô C N G NGHlfcP |[]^H9TNHAN^ hat nhin nghiln eflu Nam 2011, Viln dang dio tao 40 nghiln eflu sinh vi to ehflc mdt sd kbda dao tao edng nghe di|n hat nhin kit hpp vdi cic ddi tie nfldc ngoii cho can bd efla eae eo quan ed liln quan nhfl ehu dau tfl EVN, cie cdng ty xay lap, cic trfldng dai hpc, viln nghiln eflu vi cac cd quan quan ly nha nfldc Ngoii dao tao tiin sy, thae sy vl edng n g b | h^t nhin, theo phin edng cfla Ban chi dao vl dio tao phit trien ngudn nhin Ifle linh vfle nang Iflpng nguyin tfl, Viln NLNTVN dang chuan bj cic chflpng trinh vi tii lieu dio tao vl ky thuit bat nhin cho cic cin bp ky thuat tham gia xiy dflng, lip dat, van binh, bio dfldng nha miy dien hat nhin Trong nam 2011, m^c dfl ed nhilu khd khan thich thfle khich quan, nhflng Viln NLNTVN da no Iflc phan dau, dat dflpc nhilu kit qui nghiln eflu vi xiy dflng tilm Ifle Cie boat ddng cua Viln da gdp phan xiy dflng cic cP sd h^ tang quan trpng eho phit triin di|n h?it nhan vi phye vy hi|u qui cho triin khai thfle hi|n dfl in di|n hat nhin Ninh Thuin Dl tao dilu kiln thfle hiln edng Chiln Iflpe flng dung ning Iflpng nguyin tfl vi myc dich hda binh din nim 2020 va dfl in dien hat nhin Ninh Thuin, Viln ed mdt sd kiln nghj vdi eic cap xem xlt phi duyet vi thfle hi|n: Kl hoach tdng thi triin khai xiy dflng eP sd tang qudc gia can thilt eho phit triin dien hat nhin; Dl in tang efldng nang Ifle nghiln eflu triin khai vi hd trp ky thuit phye vy phit triin flng dung ning Iflpng nguyin tfl vi bio dim an toin, an ninh; Triin khai tich cfle De an dio tao phit triin ngudn nhin Ifle linh vfle nang Iflpng nguyin tfl d i dflpc Thu tfldng Chinh phfl ban hinh 18 thing nim 2010 dl nhanh chdng ed dflpc dpi ngu cin bp eho nginh ning Iflpng nguyin tfl; Chinh saeh thu hut cin bd lim vi|e nganh ning Iflpng nguyin tfl vi eae ebl dd ehinh sich flu dii ddi vdi chuyin gia trinh dp cao; Chu trflpng xiy dflng Trung tim KH&CNHN tao tiin dl dl Vi|n NLNTVN tilp tyc thfle hi|n dl in xiy dflng vi phit triin Viln NLNTVN trd mdt trung tim nghiln eflu triin khai d^t trinh dp tiin tiln.«t« Mdt sjf dd xuat ve md hinh hop tac VI nhin thfle: Dio tao gin bin vdi nhu eiu doanh nghilp, hiln van cdn li linh vfle mdi ml, nIn di dat dflde edng, trflde hit can phii cd sfl ddi mdi vl nhin thfle vi sfl quylt tam cao tfl phia cac nhi linh dao nhi trfldng vi doanh nghilp Kit hpp hii hda Ipi ich cua nhi trfldng vi doanh nghilp: Liln kit nhi trfldng vi doanh nghilp phii dflpc thfle hiln theo nguyin tie hai bin cung ed lpi Moi bin diu phii nhin rd li khich hing cua thi mdi cd the ed dflpc cic flng xfl theo nguyin tic cung ed lpi - Ddi mdi phfldng thfle quin ly trfldng dai hpc: Nhfl da phin tich d trIn, di trfldng dai hpe ed thi dip flng nhu cau phit triin va ning cao nang Iflc canh tranh, cic trfldng dai hpc can thay ddi phong cich quin tri theo hfldng quin tri doanh nghilp Lay sinh viln lim trung tim Tang quyIn tfl ehu cho eic trfldng dai hpc Khuyin khich canh tranh gifla cic trfldng dai hpe - Dau tfl cho boat ddng R&D: De tao dilu kiln eho sfl ddi va phit triin cua md hinh liln kit dai hpe - doanh nghilp linh vfle nghiln eflu khoa hpe, Nha nfldc can dau tfl d mfle cao hdn eho boat ddng R&D va khdng xem nhe vai trd cua nghiln eflu cP ban - Phit triin thi trfldng cdng nghe: Sfl phat triin cua thi trfldng cdng nghe se tao thuin Idi eho sfl hdp tie, vl theo quy luit cua thi trfldng, cho phep nhflng trao ddi tri thfle khudn kho cua giay phep sfl dyng sing chi, tfl dd thue day dau tfl can thilt di co dflpc nhflng phit minh - sing che, md "sin chdi" eho nhilu loai hinh doanh nghiep mdi Website: www.tapghiconqnqhiep.vn, (Tiip theo trang 41) Tai li^u tham khao [I] Bell, S "University-Industry Interaction in the Ontario Centres of Excellence" Journal of Higher Education Vol.67 No.3,1996, pp 322-348 [2] Burns, J and Yazfidar, H 'Tricks or Treats" Financial Management March 2001 pp.33-35 [3] Clarke, S.A., "University of California Customizes Education For Silicon Valley Titans" Corporate University Review, Vol.7 No.2, March-April 1999, pp.34-35 [4] Gould, G and Parker, LD., "Changing Public Sector Accountability: Critiquing New Directions", Accounting Forum, Vol.23 No.2, June 1999, pp.109-135 [5] Lam Quang Thiep vd D.B Johnstone, "Giao due dqi hoc Hoa Ky", NXB Giao due Ha Ndi, 2007 [6] Mavin, S and Bryans, P., "Management Development in the Public sector -V\/hat Roles Can Universities Play", The International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol 13 no.2,2000, pp.142-152 [7] Parker, Lee D "It's been a pleasure doing business with you: A strategic analysis and critique of university change management" Symposium 2001: the University and the Corporate V\/orld2001 [8] Tran Vdn Tung, "Md rong quy md giao due dqi hoc Id dudng de Viet Nam ndng cao nang lUc cqnh tranh" Tap chi Nghien cCfu kinh tesd 7,2007 [9] Vails, J.X.i "The Challenges of Higher Education in the 21st Century, Globalisation and Universities" New Training and Research Objectives-Mission' CMES: World Conference on Higher Education, Paris, UNESCO, http://lambda.upc.es/catedraunesco/ revista/accesrestringit/retosde.htm 1998 [10] Vu Quang Viet, "Phdt trien giao due: vai trd cua hoc phi, trach nhiem Nhd nUdc vd khd ndng ngdn sdch nha nUdc", Thdi dqi mdi, so 13, Thdng 3/2008 [II] Yasin, M.M., Czuchry, AI, Martin, J., and Feagins, /?., "An Open System Approach to Higher Learning: the Role of Joint Ventures with Business", Industrial Management & Data Systems, May 2000, pp.227-233 ã Ky 1, thang 04/2012 ô C N G NGHlfiP 55