TOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Education Science 2013, Vol 58 No 4, pp, 174 180 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue cdu vn ITIlTC TRANG QUAN LI GIAO DLIC H U d N G NGHIEP CUA IIIEU T R U O[.]
.TOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Education Science 2013, Vol 58 No 4, pp, 174-180 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.cdu.vn ITIlTC TRANG QUAN LI GIAO DLIC H U d N G N G H I E P CUA IIIEU T R U O N G CAC T R l / d N G TRUN(; H O C P l l d T I I O N G TINH HAU GIANG N g u y e n HUu Van Truimg Cao ddng rung ddng Hdu Giang Tom tat Cong tac giao due hfldng nghiep va quan li giao due hudng nghiep hien cho thay cd nhiing ton tai cin khjc phuc de giao due hudng nghiep thuc sfl dap flng cac yeu ciu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tai dia phUdng phu hdp vdi nang Iuc sd trfldng ciia hoc sinh viec chon nghe nhflng cung phai dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho hoc smh nham gdp phan tao cd cau nhan lUc hdp li cho hien tai va tfldng lai Bai bao trinh bay thuc trang quan li giao due hudng nghiep tfl de xuat cac bien phap quan li giao due hudng nghiep nham gdp phan nang cao chit lUdng giao due hudng nghiep cac trfldng trung hoc thong tren dia ban tinh Hau Giang Tukhda: Cong tac giao due hudng nghiep, quan If giao due hfldng nghiep Md dau Theo Nghi quylt Dai hdi Dang lin thfl IX, Nghi quyet 40/2000/QHlO cua Qudc hpi va Chi thi 14/2001/CT-TTg eua Thu tfldng Chinh phu \ c ddi mdi chfldng trinh giao due phd thdng, dpi ngu can bo quan li va giao vign cin nang cao hdn nfla nhan thflc ve y nghia, muc dich, ndi dung va nhflng bign phap thflc hien Giao due hfldng nghiep cho hoc smh phd thong Vdi tinh thin chi dao va thflc lc ve quan li giao due hfldng nghiep cho hoc sinh phd thdng vfla ngu, cong tac giao due hfldng nghiep dat dfldc chit Ifldng pbu thupc rat nhieu vao giao vien, dae biet la vai trd cua hieu trfldng ddi vdi cong tac Xuat phat tfl nhflng li tren eung vdi dilu kicn thflc t l cua cac trfldng trung hoc phd thdng trgn dia ban tinh Hau Giang chung toi xin d l xuit mdt so bien phap quan li giao due hfldng nghiep nhim giup hieu trfldng cac trfldng trung hoc phd thong tinh Hau Giang nang eao chit Ifldng giao due hfldng nghigp cho hoc sinh Ngay nhan bai' 5-2-2012 Ngay chip nhan dang 14-4-201.^ Lien he Nguyin Hiu Van, e-mail' nhvan@hgcc.edu 174 Thuc trang c/udn If gido dtte hudng nghiep ciia hieu trudng Noi dung nghien cum 2.1 ThUc trang quan li giao due hu6ng nghiep cac trUbng trung hoc thong tinh Hau Giang Trong nhilu nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan din din nhflng ldn tai cong tac giao due hfldng nghigp ciic trfldng trung hoc phd thdng linh Hau Giang ed the thiy ro nhat la nguyen nhan sau Cu the: 2.1.1 Nhan thiic cua can bp, giao vicn ve cong tac giao due hurifng nghiep va quan ll giao due hu'dng nghiep De thiy dfldc thflc trang nay, chiing ldi da khao sal dieu tra 25 can bp quan Ii va 125 giao vien giang day Idp 12 Ket qua khao sat thu dfldc nhfl sau- stt stt Bdng Ddnh gid cita cdn hp qudn li vd gido vien ve cong tde gido due hUdng nghiep vd qudn li gido due htfdng nghiep Tyle(%) Mu'c quan tam Tong so Rat quan 45 ,10,0 56,7 Quan trpng 85 10,0 It quan 15 05 3,3 Khong quan 00 0,0 Khong CO y ki6n Bang Nhdn thde eua edn bd qudn li vd gido vien ve cong tde gido due hudng nghiep vd qudn li gido due hUdng nghiep Tyle(%) Tong so Nlian thu'c 30,0 45 Nhan thiJc diy dti 63,3 95 Nhan thLfc d mtJc vtta phai 6,7 10 Nhan thtJc khong d5y dti 0,0 00 Khong quan tam Qua ket qua khao sat ci Bang va Bang neu tren eho thay doi ngu can bo, giao vien cae trudng trung hcic phd thong tinh Hau Giang co nhan thitc chUa day dii v6 cong tac giao due hudng nghiep va quan li giao due hucing nghiep eho hoc sinh NhUng thuc te cho thSy, quan li giao due hudng nghiep ed vai trd rat quan trong viec dinh hudng chpn ngh6 phii hdp cho hpc sinh 2,1,2, Kc hoach hoa cong tac quan li giao due hirdng nghiep Khi khao sat dicu tra thdng qua 34 can bo quan li eac tnfdng trung hoc thdng tinh Hau Giang thi hSu nbu cac trudng it quan tam den viee lap ke hoach giao due hifdng nghiep va di6u dd cho thay qua s6 lieu chi cd 15 can bd quan li thUe hien ke hoach giao diJC hudng nghiep eho ca nam hoe, edn lai chi tap trung vao cae ddt tuyen sinh dai hoc, 175 Nguyen HiHu Van cao ding de ttf vdn va hudng dSn hpc sinh lara hi so diJ thi Cac Ioai hinh khac cho giao dlic hudng nghiiip nhit: xSy dung k6 hoach b6i difong can bg, giao vien Iam cdng tac giao dlic hudng nghiep, xay ditng ke hoaeh huy ddng ngudn lite phiic vu cong tac giao due hifdng nghiep va mdt sfl ki hoach khac nhSm tang cudng cdng tac giao due hudng nghiep h4u nhif khdng dUde cac trUdng quan tam cung nhit xay dung (Bang 3) Ddng Thdng ke ly le thtfc hien ke hoach cdng tdc qudn li gido due hudng nghiep ctia cdc truiing trung hoc phdthtmg tinh Ilau Giang Sit Loai kc hoach Khong Co Tong so TL(%) Tong so TL(%) 100,0 Cho tifng thang 00 00,00 34 Cho tifng hoc ki 00 00,00 34 100,0 Cho ca nam hpe 15 44,12 19 55,88 Cho eae dot tuyen sinh DH, CD 34 100,0 00 00,00 Kc hoach khac 00 00,00 34 100,0 2.1.3 Td chufc trien khai thUc hien cong tac giao due hirdng nghiep Lflc Ifldng Iam cdng tac giao due hfldng nghiep nha trfldng cfla cac trfldng trung hpc phd thdng tinh Hau Giang chfl ylu la can bd quan Ii, giap vien ebii nhiem, can bo Doan, can bd phu trach hanh chinh, cdn cac lflc Ifldng khac nhfl giao vien bd mon va cac lflc Ifldng khac ngoai nba trfldng hau nhfl khdng cd tham gia trien khai giao due hfldng nghiep cho hoc sinh (Xem Bang dfldc khao sat tfl 16 can bd quan li va 54 giao vien cac Irfldng trung hpc phd thdng tinh Hau Giang) Bdng Thdng ke ti le cdc tntdng trung hpc thong tinh Hau Giang bo tri lUc lUOng tham gia gido due hifdng nghiep cho hpc sinh Stt Luc luong tham gia GDHN l ^ n g so Ty II (%) Can bd quan li 65 92,86 Giiio vien chu nhiem 60 S5,7I Giiio vien bo mon 05 7,14 Can bd Doan 'FNCS HCM 55 78,57 Can bd phu trach hanh ehinh 38 54,29 Life lUdng khac 00 00,00 De thjy ro hon vice bd tri cac luc lUdng khac tham gia giao diic hudng nghiep cho hpe sinh, chiing tdi khao sat dieu tra 350 hoe sinh ldp 12 va ket quit nhan dupc nhU sau: 176 Thuc trang quiin Iigidn due liudng nghiep cita hieu irudng Bdng Thdng ke sd lieu cdc lUe lupng ben ngodi tham giao gido due hudng nghiep cho hpc sinh cdc trUdng trung hpc phd thdng tinh Hau Giang stt Lire lirdng Tong so Tyle(%) Cac CO sd san xu5t, doanh nghiep d dia phudng 00 00,00 Cae chuyen gia tU v§n hudng nghiep 00 00,00 Tlf Viin cua cac trudng dai hpc 345 98,57 Tlf van ciia eae trudng cao diing 318 90,86 Tu v5n ciia eac trudng trung cSp chuyen nghiep 65 18,57 TU van ciia eae trudng nghe 15 4,29 Qua bang thdng kg so lieu lflc Ifldng ben ngoai tham gia giao due hfldng nghiep cho hpc sinh cac trfldng trung hoc phd thdng tinb Hau Giang (Bang 5) chii ygu lii can bo tfl vin ciia cac trfldng dai hoc, cad ding dgn trfldng de lam cdng tac tfl vin tuyen sinh miia tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang hang nam Cong lac chi tap trung vao viec gidi thieu cung nhfl giai dap, hfldng dan lam ho sd dfl thi ma it quan tam din nang lflc hoc tap cua hpc sinh va cung it quan tam din nhflng nganh dd cd dap flng nhu cau cua dia phfldng hay khdng Chinh nhflng yeu Id dd da lam cho hoc sinh it nhieu phan van Ifla chon nganh nghe vi thay irfldng nao cung dfla nganh nghg nghe hip dan va tfl dd hoc sinh chi lfla chpn nhiJng nganh nghi mang tinh cam tinh nen dan den viec chpn nganh nghe khpng phu hdp vdi nang lflc ban than va nhu cau cua xa hdi ndi chung va cua dia phfldng ndi rigng D6i vdi vigc thflc hign phdi hpp gifla nha trfldng vdi cac lflc Ifldng ben ngoai Irong cdng tac giao due hfldng nghiep cho hoe sinh, chiing toi khao sat 16 can bd quan li cac trfldng Trung bdc Phd thdng linh Hau Giang va nhan dfldc 100% y kien cho ring khong cd qui ehe phdi hdp vdi cac lflc Ifldng bgn ngoai edng tac giao due hfldng nghiep cho hpc sinh Tdm Iai, viec td chflc trien khai thflc hien giao due hfldng nghigp d cac trfldng trung hpe phd thdng tinh Hau Giang tflu trung edn nhflng tdn tai sau; - Khdng cd bign ehl hoac hdp ddng can bp, giao vign chuyen trach vg cdng tac giao due hfldng nghiep eho hpc sinh; - Chfla cd qui che cung nhfl kl hoach phdi hdp vdi cac life Ifldng ben ngoai lam cong lac giao due hfldng nghigp cho hpc sinh ma chu yeu giao cho mol bd phan nha trfldng dam nhiem thflc hicn mot vai hoal ddng mang linh hinh Ihflc vc giao due hfldng nghigp chohpc sinh, - Chl tap trung vao viec tfl vin tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang ma it quan lam den vigc hoc nghg dg' dap flng nhu ciu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eua dia phfldng; - it quan tam den nhflng nganh nghg ma xa hpi ndi chung va dia phfldng ndi rigng dang ein; - Chfla phdi bdp dfldc vdi cae ed sd san xuat kinh doanh cua dia phfldng vigc 177 Nguygn Hflu Van dinh hfldng nghe nghiep cho hoc sinh; - Lflc Ifldng tham gia giao due hfldng nghiep chp hoc sinh khong dam bao phin cung nhfl sd Ifldng va chit Ifldng Kit luan: Tfl nhflng thflc Irang neu trgn ve cdng tac quan li giao due hfldng nghiep cac Irfldng irung hpc phd thdng tinh Hau Giang, chung tdi nhan thay cin phai cd mdt s6 bien phap quan li giao due hfldng nghiep nhim nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng giao dtic hfldng nghiep cac trfldng trung hoc phd thong tinh Hau Giang giai doan hien va nhflng nam tiep theo 2.2 D c xuSt bien p h a p q u a n li giao d u e h u d n g n g h i e p c u a h i e u trUdng de nang c a o chat lUdng giao d u e h u n g n g h i e p trU((ng T r u n g hoc Pho thong tinh H a u G i a n g ^ Bien pbdp I Ndng rao nbdn tbifc vi tdm quan trpng gidu due hifdng nghiep trung nbd irudng Trung hpe Phd thc'mg Giao due hfldng nghiep trfldng trung hpc phd thdng mudn dat hieu qua thi can phai tuyen truyin sau rpng den mpi ddi tfldng nhfl: ddi ngii can bd, giao vign, hpc sinh va cac lflc Ifldng ben ngoai nba Irfldng nhan thflc rd vai trd va tim quan trpng cua giao due hfldng nghigp doi vdi viec phal trien ngudn nhan lflc, dap flng yeu ciu phat trie'n kinh le - xa hpi ca nfldc noi chung va cua tinh Hau Giang ndi rieng - Bien pbdp Xdy difng dpi ngii ldm cdng ldc gido due budng nghiep De cong tac giao due hfldng nghiep dat hieu qua thi can phai xay dflng cho dfldc dpi ngu lam cdng tac cho dfl ve so Ifldng va dam bao vg chat Ifldng Dpi ngu phai dfldc huy ddng tfl nha trfldng, chinh quyen dia phfldng, cac cd sd san xuit kinh doanh, - Bien pbdp Xdy dioig rdr lugi binb ke Iwgdt qudn li gido dur hudng nghiep truimg Trung hue Phd thung tfnh Hgu Giang Cdng vigc lap kl hoaeh quan li giap due hfldng nghiep la cua Ban Giam hieu nba Irfldng ma ngfldi dflng dau va chiu trach nhigm chinh la hieu trfldng nha trfldng De kl hoach dfldc cu the rd rang thi hieu trfldng phai thiet lap cho dfldc sd dd khung cua viec lap kl hoach quan Ii giao due hfldng nghiep Irong nha trfldng vi qua se giup nha trfldng cd tim nhin bao quat va dinh hfldng dung cac yeu cau dat qua trinh lap kl hoach nhfl: can cfl vao chien Ifldc phat trien nha trfldng, can cfl vad sfl mang nha trfldng cung nhfl tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dia phfldng va ca nfldc Tfl dd, nha trfldng se xac dinh dung muc dich cua cdng tac quan Ii giao due hfldng nghiep va trgn cd sd dd hoach dinh va trien khai thanb hg thdng cac muc tieu chuan dat kit qua, k l hpach cu the cho tflng bd phan - Bten pbdp Tdng rtfdiig boi difdng trinh dp ehuyen mun, nghiep vu gido due hudng nghiep dw gido vien Trung bpr Phd thung tinb Hgu Giang Can cfl vao kl hoach quan li giap due hfldng nghiep ciia nha trfldng, hieu trfldng nha trfldng tien hanh xay dflng ke hoach bdi dfldng trinh chuyen mon, nghiep vu cho dpi ngu giao vign Iam cdng tac giao due hfldng nghigp cho hpc sinh Trong kl hoach phai 178 Thuc trgng qudn li gidn due hudng nghiep eua hieu tnfdng xac dinh muc tigu, thdi gian, ddi tfldng ndi dung, hinh thflc, cd sd vat chit lflc Ifldng bdi dfldng va dac biet phai quan tam din cdng tac kiem tra va danh gia kg hdach bdi dfldng - Bien pbdp Xdy dtfng ki hogch kit hop giifa cdc life lifdng tham gia cdng ide gido due hudng nghiep Cong tac giao due hfldng nghiep hpc sinh Trung hpc Phd Ihdng mudn dat hieu qua thi nha trfldng can phai x3y dflng kl hoach cu the cho viec kit hdp cac lflc Ifldng tham gia cong tac giap due hfldng nghiep chp hPC sinh De tap hdp va phat huy sflc manh tdng hdp cua eac lflc Ifldng giao due hfldng nghiep cho hpc sinh thi nha Irfldng phai bilt chii ddng xay dflng qui che phdi hdp hoat dpng nhflng phai dam bao tinb linh hoat va bao dam tinh khoa hoc - Bien phdp Ke hogch ihtfe bien tii eliife boat dcmg ngoai kbda ddi vdi eung tdr gido dur htfdng nghiep Hoat dong ngpai khda ve giad due hfldng nghiep sc giup cho hpc sinh hieu rd ve chinh ban than minh, hieu ro ve kha nang va sd thich ngbe nghiep, giup hoc sinh nam bat va hieu rd hdn xu the phal trien kinh lg - xa hdi eiia dia phfldng va ca nfldc, giflp hoc sinh hieu rd bdn vl cac nganh nghg de tfl dd hpc sinh quyet dinh chpn hfldng hpc, chpn nghe, hpc nghg va hanh nghe tfldng lai De Iam dfldc dieu thi nha trfldng can phai xay dflng ndi dung ke boach thflc hien td chflc hoat ddng ngoai khda vl giao due hfldng nghiep cho hpe sinh - Bien phdp Tdng ruimg eO sd vdl rhdl, trang thie! bi cho cdng tde gido due hudng nghiep Hien nay, nhu ciu eua eac trfldng vg cd sd vat chit, trang thiel bi va tai chinh phuc vu eho edng tac giao due hfldng nghiep la rit ldn, dd linh Hau Giang mdi chia taeh cho nen ngudn ngan sach cip cho nha irfldng cdn han chl ngn khdng dap flng dfldc day du Dd dd, de tang cfldng cd sd vat chit, trang thilt bi chd cong tac giao due hfldng nghigp, nha trfldng cin phai thflc hien chii trfldng xa hdi hda de huy ddng mpi ngudn lflc tham gia ddng gdp cho hoat ddng giao due hfldng nghigp - Bien phdp