4 CHUC DAY NGHE M O MOOHII MflT TRONG NHUNG GIAI PHAP THUC HliN GHO IRUnNG DlU MOl CAN R A N , TOAN OIEN RAY NGUt TS VU XUAN HUNG* Xac djnh tam quan trpng cua ngudn nhan luc ndi Chung, nhan luc lao dd[.]
4 CHUC DAY NGHE M O MOOHII - MflT TRONG NHUNG GIAI PHAP THUC HliN GHO IRUnNG DlU MOl CAN RAN, TOAN OIEN RAY NGUt TS VU XUAN HUNG* X ac djnh tam quan trpng cua ngudn nhan luc eae module khac,don gian laedthechielitie'n nhifng ndi Chung, nhan luc lao ddng kT thuat tn^; tiep phan rieng biet; ed the lap lan, lap dan detao mdt ndi rieng phattrien kinh tedat nude, Ngiij nang lire chuyen mdn sau rdng eho ngudi lao ddng quyetOal hdi dai bleu toan qudc lan thdXI cua Dang da ca cudc ddi nghe nghiep Module ed the anh xao6\nh:Thittriiinhanhngudnnhanluc,nhMlingudn hudng tdi vlec tdchire, ket eau cua quatrinh DT, dupe nhin lut: chat lugng eao, tap tmng vao viee dd mdt canthuc hien bdi th if tu cae gid hpe dudi hinh thifc gid hpc ban vi loan dien nen giio due qudc dan; gin k^chatehedjnh hudng vande, gid hpe duan,gid hpc theonhdm phittrimngudnnhinlut:vdiphittri&iviungdungkhoa DN theo module chinh la vlec tdehifc thue hien cac ftpc, cdng nflifte" lampt baddtphachlen lupc module DT eae chuang trinh DN, dam bao Chien lupc phattrien KT-XH 2011-2020 Theo dd, de nhifng dac tinh ea ban eua module Cac module DT tao suchuyen bien can ban veehat lupng, vlec tdchue ed the dupe ngudi hpc lira ehpn mdt each tu hoac dao tao (OT) ngheean phai thuc hien theo mdtphuong dupe djnh hudng, cd the dupe nd'i ghep vdi theo thifc mdi, hudng tdi nang luc thuc hien cua ngudi hpc each thifc tich Itiy kie'n thifc, kT nang nham dat dupe Day nghe (DN) theo module ehinh la phuang thiic dd cac trinh dp khac mdt each linh hoat, phii hop nddupc col la mdt nhiing giai phap quan trpng de vdi dieu kien ea nhan ngudi hpe va yeu eau xa hdi thuc hien chu ta/ong ddi mdi can ban, toan dien DN DN theo module can phai dupe hie'u la mdtphUPng Nhifng khac biet cua DN theo module thuc DT ed y 1) Quan niim veBTnghe theo module, Thuat nghTa rdng, bao ngif module da dupe quy dinh Luat Day nghe trum len tat ca "Module li dan vihge tap dugc tich hep giua kii'n thiic hoat ddng DN, ehuyinmdn, kining thuc hinh vi thii nghe nghiep chif khdng mgt cich hoin chinh nham giiip cho ngudi hgc nghe thuan chi la cd nang life thi/c hinh trgn ven mdt cdng viee cua m dtphUPng phap nghe'l^) Nhieu nha nghien cifu, nhieu chuyen gia hay hinh thifc td eung cho rang: "Module la mdt don vj hpc tap lien ket chiic day mdt vai tait ea cac yeu tdcua cae mdn hpc li thuyet cac kT nang module Hinh Ciu true cua module (M) va cac kien thifc lien quan de' tao mdt nang luc mdt chuong chuyen mdn" (2) (hinh 1) Oac trung cua module la: trinh DN theo Djnh hudng van de can giai quye't (nang luc thuc hien module se din de'n thay dd'i tu triet li de'n muc tieu, ndi cdng viee); dinh hudng trpn ven van de (tich hpp ndi dung chuang trinh DT, thdi gian DT, each thuc danh dung); djnh hudng lam dupe (theo nhjp dp ngudi hpc); gia va dieu het sifc quan trpng la tao suthay dd'i ve djnh hudng danh gia lien tue, hieu qua (hpc tap khdng chat lupng DT mi ro); djnh hudng ca nhan hoac nhdm nhd ngudi 2) Sukhae biit giira BTtheo module va theo hpc va dinh hudng lip ghep phat trie'n (3) truyen thd'ng OT theo module va OT theo truyen Ve mat li luan, cd nhieu quan niem ve module thd'ng (nien che) cd nhifng diem khac biet he't sife ca nhung chiing deu thd'ng nhat dchd: Module la nhifng ban.Dleu dupe the'hien qua bang sau (xem ban^: Thuc trang va giai phap trien khai DN theo phan trinh dp xac djnh, dupe kie'm tra, danh gia xac nhan Module gidng nhu nhifng vien gaeh xay dung module chuang trinh, cdthe thay dd'idi dang de thich ifng vdi 1) Thuc trang ve DN theo module DN theo su phat trien cua kTthuat; ed the ehi thay dd'i ve ndi dung mpt module ma khdng bit bude dd'i vdi 'Tongcue Day nghe Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) module da dupe nghien cuu, trie'n khai, ap dung d Viet Nam tuf rat sdm (tuf nhifng thap nien 80,90 cua the ki XX) thdng qua sir tai trp, giup ddciia cactochife qudc te, cac duan DN va ngoai nude Tuy nhien, thdi ki dd viee ap dung cae chuang trinh DN theo module mdi chl thuc hien dmdtsdchuong trinh DN ngin han va mang tinh thi die'm Tu ed Luat Day nghe (nam 2006 de'n nay), module dupe ehinh thire dua vao cac chuong trinh DN d e l cap trinh dp: So cap nghe, taing cap nghe va cao dang nghe Theo sd lieu cila Td'ng cue DN, tinh de'n thang 12/2010 da ban hanh dupe 194 bd chuang trinh khung trinh dp eao dang nghe, trung cap nghe, duqc xay dung theo hudng ket hpp giira mdn hpe vamodule,tren cosdphan tieh nghe, phan tich edng viee theo phuang phap tien tie'n eua thegidi (phuang phap DACUM), gan vdlvj tri lam viee ciia ngudi lao ddng hoac dua vao tieu chua'n kT nang nghe (4) Tuy nhien, thuc te, nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau, viee tdehifc thue hien cac DN theo niSn chg \ DN tfieo module TriStliDT OT ngircri c6 day du pham chat, nSng lt;c (nhan cdch to^n di^n) DT ngudi lao dpng cd ndng li/c Idm vigc, cd vi$c Idm Muc Viu DN Trang bj ki^n thu'c, kT nSng vd pham chat nghS nghl$p Giup ngudi hpc cd ndng luc thi/c hl^n cdc cdng vi$c ciJa nghe, ddp Ung dupe ti6u chuan cua nqhS dd ddt Chuanq trinh DN Disiyc xSy dt/ng theo mMC tiSu d^o tgo, din^c cau tnjc th^nh cdc mdn hQC If thuyet, thi/c hdnh EXipc xay di,mg theo y6u cau cong vi$c thuc t l , qua >4^ phan tfch ngh4, dupe cSu trOc thdnh cdc module Bistyc thl^t k€ d l cho cung mgt Dupe thi^t kg 6i ed t h i cd hon mdt dau (trinh dg sa d p ; trung dSu (cd t h i hpc nhieu trinh dp cSp ho$c cao dSng; hoSc t ^ i d hodc nhiiu hOn nghi) mOt nghS) Gido ViSn sti dyng cdc phuang phdp day hoc cho ngudi hgc chu y i u Idm vi$c tgi ldp (vi ngudi hpc khdng cd nhilu thdi gian tt/ hpc) Gido vidn sO dyng cdc phuang phdp dgy hpc cho ngudi hgc phai siJ dyng ttidi gian ngodi gid Idn ldp d l ty hpc, ty nghidn curu, Idm vide nhdm Phucfng phip hgc Ngudi hpe hpc thy ddng; chu y i u hodn thdnh cdc nhi^m vy hpc tdp cd nhan dupe gido vidn giao Khdng ckn ddng kt k l hogch hpe tdp, khdng c i n quan tdm lua chon mdn hoc vd xdy dimg tiln dd hpc tdp ndng Ngudi hpc hpc ehu ddng; l u hpc, ty nghidn eOu, Idm vl$c nhdm nhilu hem ngodi thdi gian Idn Idp it ddt ndng yfiu e l u v l cdc kT ndng m i m Ngudi hpc phii dat duac cde kT ndng mim Ngudi hpc tuan thii lich hpc vd thi ehung cOa Idp Ngudi hpe thye hidn heh hpc vd thi eua ed nhdn Ngudi hpc chi hpe mdt n g h i nhefl djnh Ngudi hpc cd t h i dd ddng hpc mOt lUc nhilu hon nghi C i n ddng kf k l hoach hpc t|ip cho tCmg hpe ki, lya chpn mdn hpc vd tiln dp hpc tdp cho phu hop vdi sd thfch, ndng lye vd hodn cinh ridng Tinh ll/ chO cua ngu&i h