DOI MOl HOAT OONG KIEM TRA, OANH GIA KET QOA HOC TAP TRONG GIAO OOC''''OAI HOC THEO OINH HlTliNG CHDAN OAO RA K iem tra dinh gii (KTDG) la mpt trong 4 tiianh td(muct]eu, npidung, phuong phap vaKTDG) quan[.]
DOI MOl HOAT OONG KIEM TRA, OANH GIA KET QOA HOC TAP TRONG GIAO OOC'OAI HOC THEO OINH HlTliNG CHDAN OAO RA ThS K iem tra dinh gii (KTDG) la mpt tiianh td(muct]eu, npidung, phuong phap vaKTDG) quan trpng ktidng the thieu dugc qua trinh day hpc Cae tiianh tdcd mdi quan he gan bd vdi nhau, tuong tac va ehi phoi l l n tao nen chat Iupngffeodoc(GD).Trongdd.KTOG ddng vai trd rat quan trgng viec nang cao ehat luong dao tao va giang day Do'i mdi KTDG la cdng cy quan trgng, chu yeu xac djnh nang luc nhan tiidc ngudi hpc, dieu ehinh qua trinh day va hpe; la dpng luc dedd'i mdi phuong phap day hpc, gdp phan eai tiiien, nang cao chat lupng daotaoeon ngud^ theo myc tieu GD Mpt so khai niem 1) Kiem tra (KT), danh gii (BG) AT;Trong Dai t u dien tieng Viet (1), KT la xem xet tht/c chat, thucte Cdn tiieo each hieu chung nhal: KT vdi nghTa la nham tiiu thap sd lieu, chijng cd, xem xet, soat xet lai cdng viec ttiuc tede DG va nhan xeL £7G;La qua tiinh hinh tiianh nhdng nhan dinh, phan doan ve ket qua edng viecdt/a vao suphan tich nhdng tiidng tin thu dupc, dd'i ehieu vdi nhdng mue tieu, tieu chuan de ra, nh^m de xua't nhung quye't ^ n h tiiieh hpp decai thien tiiuc trang, dieu ehinh nang eao ehat lupng va hieu qua cdng viee, 'DG ti nhin xet, binh phim vegia trf (2) DG GD.Theo Duong Thieu Td'ng, la qua tiinh tiiu tfiap va xu li kip ttidi, cd he thong tiidng tin ve hien trang va hieu qua GD, can edvao mue tieu day hgc, Iam co sd cho nhung chit tn/ong, bien phap va hanh ddng GD tiep theo Cdtiiendi r§ng, DG la qua trinh tiiu tiiap, phan tich va giai tiiieh tiidng tin mdt each he tiidng nh^m xac djnh mue dp dat den cua eacmyc tieu GD.DGcdtiietiiLChiffib^g phuang phap djnh lucfng hay djnh finh (3) Nhuvay, KTDG ket qua hgc tap duoc hieu la hoat dpng xae dmh kha nang cua ngudi hpe nham chung nlian tiianh tich hpc tap cua ngudi hpc va dac biet la cung cap tiidng tin phan hoi de hoan tiiien viec day va hgc dua fren myc tieu de tiidng qua cdng eu ehinh ta cac bai KT KT phai luon gan lien vdiDG vi KT ma khdng OGse khdng CO tac dung va hieu qua dang ke, (ki2-7/2014) P H A M TH] P H U O N G N G U Y E N * ngupe lalDG khdng dua tren sdlieu cua KT tfii ratdl mang tinh chait nglu nhien, chu quan, do d l d i n den nhiJng hau qua khdng tot vetam li GD 2) Khai niem chuan dau (CBR) nganh (faoteo.CDRIaquydinhvenpidung kiwi thuc chuyen mdn; kT nang thuc hanh, kha nang nhan thdc edng nghe va giai quyet vande; cdng viec ma ngudi hpc ed tiie dam nhan sau tdt nghiep va cac yeu cau dac tiiu khae ddi vdi tdng ti"inh dd, nganh dao tao Doi mdi hoat dpng KTDG ke't qua hoc tap GD dai hpc theo djnh hudng COR 1) Die tmng cua xu hudng mdi veKTBG: - DG phit trien (Fomative Assessment}: Day la ttiual ngu duoc de cap nhieu eae edng trinh nghien cuu ve xu hudng KTDG mdi, dung vol nghTa DG qua trinh trudc day de' chf cac hoat dpng KTDG dugc thue hien qua trinh day - hpc, phan biet vdi KTDG tai nhung tiidi diem khac nhuDG ehat lugng dau vao hoacDG ket thuc mdt quatrinh day - hgc, DG td'ng ke't OG qua trinh la mdt loat cac quy trinh DG ehinh thue va khong chinh thue dupe thue hien bdi nhieu giang vien (G V) quatrinh hgc tap, ren luyen cua ngudi hpe, de thay dd'i hoat ddng day • hpe nh^m cai tiiien tiianh tich dat dugc cua hg Nd lien quan de'n tiidng tin phan hoi ve chat luong hpc tap, ren luyen cho ca sinh vien (SV) lan G V Mdi quan tam cua DG qua ti'inh la hieu qua eija hoat dpng giang day qua trinh phat trien nang lue ci/a ngudi lipc, khdng nhdm ehung minh sinh vien (SV) dat dugc mpt mdc tiianh tich nao dd OG qua trinh cd gia tri phan hoi (Feedback) rat eao Bay nguyen tac phan hoi tdt cua OG qua trinh, la: - Lam rd nhdng gi cd hieu qua tot (muc tieu, tieu chuan hien tai va d u kien); - Tao dieu kien cho phat tiien tuDG hgc tap; • Cung cap thdng tin chat lupng cao cho SV ve hgc tap va ren luyen cua hp; - Khuyen khich G V va SV ddi tiioal binh dang xung quanh viec hpc tap; - Khuyen khich tich 'TnrtiigfialfaocNoiruHaNoi Tap chi Gido due so 338 37 cue thuc day niem tin va Idng tu trgng eua SV; - Cung cap eo hpi dethu hep khoang each gida hieu qua; -Cung c ^ thong tin hinh m i u GD mdide'G V sudung •DG tdngket:\a\huc hien chdc nangOG dephyc vu cdng tac quan li MLIC lieu eua OG td'ng ket la mde dp lich dat dupc eua SV va thdng qua dd, DG tich cuaG V, eua nhalrudng, sau mdlqua trinh day - hpe.DG khdng quan tam den SV dat dupe thanhtichddnhuthenao.machi quan tam den diem so eua tung SV, hoae die'm trung binh eua SV mpt Idp, mpt trudng; tren co sd dd so sanh gida cac SV vdi - DG thuc tiSn (Authentic Assessment):Bao gom mpi hinh thde va phuong phap KTDG dupe thye hien vdi m uc dich KT cac nang luc can cd cude sd'ng h^ng va dupe thuc hien bd'i canh tht/e te Caeh DG nhan manh md'i Hen he chat ehe giua yeu eau cua OG vcri thue te cudc sd'ng DG khac vdlDG truyen thdng, chi dua vao DG Iren giay thdng qua baiviettuluan hoac tr&e nghiem khach quan •DG sing tao (Alternative Assessment):OQ sang tao nhan manh sumdl me, da dang va sang tao eua nhdng each thdc KTDG Trong md hinh nay, SV, GV chpn mptsd'mang hoatdpng, nhung tieh hay diem KTmdn hgc, kTnang viet, ndi cua SV qua cae nam, de chdng minh r§ng, viec hgc cua hpdupe cai thien qua trinh nhieu nam lien lye Mdt sd dae diem eua DG sang tao la nhan manh chdng cd qua trinh hpc tap nhu mdt minh ehung tich cue cua kien thue vakT nang DG sang tao khuyen khich su tham gia cua SV DG tieh va kha nang dat duge, ed su tuong tae eua SV vdi SV khae, giua GVvdiSV 2) Thuc trang viec KTDG cac trudng dai Aoc/i/enna/.-GD dai hge dVlet Nam hien mang nang tinh han lam, kinh dien GD ehu ye'u Iheo dinh hudng ridi dung hay djnh hucffig dau vao, ehu trpng cung cap kien thuc ma "bo quen" hay xem nhe cae muc tieu khac nhu ren luyen kl nang mem va y thuc, thai cua ngudi hpe Trong dd, ton tai mdt so van de nhuKTDG khdngdung, khdng du mue tieu mdn hpc, nhieu dethimdiehiDG dugc mplphan kien thde mon hpe, ea biel cd de edn ngoai ndi dung mdn hge; KTDG edn d mdc tri nang (nhan thuc va tu duy) bac thap, phan Idn de thi dtmg lai d mue biet, hieu va van dyng, khdngDG dupe nang luc phan tich vagiai quyet van de cua SV KTOG khdng de cap den vai trd dieu chinh dd'i vdi hoat ddng day - hgc; KT DG edn thieu khach quan, khdng ehinh xae (4) 38 Tap chi Gido due so 338 3) Bdi mdi boat dgng KTBG ke't qua hgc tip ngudi hge theo dinb hudng CBR - CBR cija cic tn/dng dai hgc can phai duc^ xay dtmg theo each tiep can ning life Mdi GV xae dinh muc tieu mdn hpc can phai xua't phat tuCDR cua chuong Irinh dao tao Dd'i mcri KTDG phai theo mue lieu dao tao cua tdng mdn hgc, hay ndi each khae la KTDG hudng tdi CDR cua chuong trinh dao tao Khi xae djnh myc tieu mdn hgc, can neu ro yeu cau dngudi hgc nhung kie'n thdc, kTnang, thai dp gi sau ket thuc mdn hgc, deed ndi dung, hinh tiidc va phuong phap KTDG cho phu hpp KTDG theo cac bac nhan thdc, cae bac kT nang va cae bae cua nang luc lu ma mdn hpe du kid'n ngudi hge phai dat dupc sau hge xong - Ap dung da dang cic hinh thiic, phuang phip KTDG khac nhau:Trong hoat ddng day hgc, ngudi day chua da dang hda cac kieu OG se lam eho hoat dgng hge lap trd nen nham chan, khd phat trien cac nang lue nhu nang luc giai quyetvan de, nang luc tu sang tao Hien nay, yeu cau ddi mdi KTDG la phai ap dung da dang cac hinh thdc DG nhu: BG bdng tr^c nghiem, tu luan, van dap, DG thdng qua san pham, qua thuyettrinh/trinh bay,thdng qua tuong tac nhdm, thdng qua cac san pham eua nhdm, ho so hge tap eiia SV, DG b^ng cac bai tap, cac hinh thdc tieu luan, baitap Idn Phuong phap DG eang da dang thi mue dd chinh xac DG eang eao phan anh khaeh quan td't hon qua ddgiup ngudi day- ngudi hge dieu ehinh qua trinh day hgc nham dam bao chat lugng dat mue tieu GD dade KTDG can quan tam de'n ye'u to nhu: + Phat trie'n toan dien SV: KTDG phalthe hien dcae matdde, tri, the, mT, tinh cam vaxa hdi; + Ca biet hda GD: KTDG chii trgng de'n suphan hda SV, de'n viec phat hien nang lue cua tdng canhan; + Dan ehu hoa GD: KTOG phaidam bao edng khai, eong b§ng, dua vao myc tieu dat td dau, tdn trpng sutuOG cua SV;+ Qng dyng hda GD: KTOG nhim hudng den nang luc thuc tiln cua SV, de KT khdng chu trgng den kie'n th deli thuyet han lam maehu trpng de'n viec van dung cac kien thde da hgc vac ddi song vaviec hpe tap eua SV - Can lua chgn phuang phip, hinh thdc DG phu hgp vdi muc tieu hgc tap cu the eua tdng mon hgc Khdng phai mdn hpe nao eung ed the sd dyng hinh thue thi txic nghiem hoae tu luan GV phai can cd vao mue tieu hpe tap cua mdn hpc deed lua chpn chp phu hgp.DeKTkien thdc thiedthechidijng hinh thdc thi lilhuyelnhunp deDG kTnang thi phallay thi thuc hanh la ehinh.DeKT kha nang van dunglrithdc thdng (ki2-7/2014) qua eae tinh hudng cu the thi can to' chdc thi van dap phaichiiyphanhoaddltupngthdng qua khau de Rd rang muc dieh DG khac Ihi ndi dung va hinh thde DG eung phai khae - KTDG phai dugc dien thudng xuyen sudt qua trinh day hgc, giup ngucri hgc lien tyc dupe phan hoi de biet minh m^c ldi, thieu hoac ye'u d die'm nao de ca ngudi day va ngudi hgc eung dieu chinh hoatdpng dayvahgetiieo dinh hudng CDR cua nganh daotgo - Cic trudng phai chi dao xay dung vi quan ii dugc he thdng ngan hang de thi dam bao chat iugng, bim sat muc tieu cua tung mon hgc, CDR cua nganh hpc Day la mdt khau ratquan trpng vi dd'i mdi KTDG ngoaivlecdd'imdimyctieu, ngidung, phuong phap can phai dd'i mdi edng cy, phuang lien DGde viec doi mdi KTDG duoc thue hien dong bp Dodo, ngan hang de thi va dap an phai dupe bien soan edng phu, nghiem ttjc, cd bao phu toan bd chuong trinh, OG dupe trinh dp nhan thdc, kTnang, thai dp cua SV nhim dat mue tieu GD Djnh hudng ehung ctia viec dd'i mdi de thi theo hudng cac de thi se danh mdtthdi lugng, khdi lupng dang kecho nhdng eau hdiDG nang lue cua ngudi hge Trude dua vao sddyng ngan hang de phai dupe nghiem thu d cap khoa, cap trudng mdt each nghiem tue, khach quan Viec quan liva sddyng ngan hang de thi giao cho Phdng Khao thi va bao dam chat lupng dam nhiem ddi hoi phai dam bao an toan, bi mat, ehinh xac, dung quy ehe - Khau tochdc KTAhi can nang cao y thdc traeh nhiem eua ngucri eoi thi vi neu giam thj eoi Ihi khdng nghiem se gay nhieu khd khan cho cong tae OG, vda khdng DG dung nang li/c cua SV vda tao eho SV cd thdi quen chep tai lieu Do dd, de OG theo COR mptcach ehinh xaecan td'chue eoi thimpteach khoa hpc dam bao cdng bing ddi vd^ ngudi hgc se mang lal hieu qua cao loan bd qua trinh KTOG - Khiu chi'm thi can dugc thuc hien ngiiiem^ tuc, khich quan, chinh xac dung quy ci)ev\ ket qua dat dugc cua mdi SV mdn hpc deu dupc DG qua die'm sdcLJa cac bai KT/thi Tranh tinh trang G V cham bai theo kieu cam tinh se DG khdng dung, khdng tmng va khdng dam bao COR Vi ne'u khdng edng bing, chay theo lhanh tieh thi d§ d i n de'n tinh trang S V tot nghiep b i n g kha, gioi nhun^ that su khong dat COR dd khdng cd nang luc de lam viee Ket qua OG can duge cong khai va phan hoi kjp thdi tdi ngudi dqiy, ngucri tipe nham giiip dieu ehinh hoatdpng day hoecuaGVvaSV (ki2-7/2014) - Nhi trudng chiu trich nhiem chinh cong tie KTBG nhung khong phai la Ban giam hieu ma chinh la GVvaSV Do y.acS\nh GV ed trach nhiem chinh edng tae KTDG, nen can thudng xuyen boi dudng nang cao trinh dp li luan va phuong phap KTDG cho dpi ngu GV vacan bpquan li GD KTDG kel qua hgc tap theo djnh hudng CDR la mpt khau rat quan trpng cua qua trinh day hpc Day khdng chi la edng ey cho quan li ehat lugng GD eua cae cap quan 11 va eua GV ma cdn la quyen lpi, niem vui va CO hpi eho ngudi hpc Vi vay, OG cang khoa hgc, chinh xae eang tao nen ddng co thiic day ngudi hgc vuon len Irong qua trinh hge tap, Dong thdi, lam CO sd khoa hpe de ngudi day dieu chinh ve mue tieu, ndi dung chugng trinh va phuong phap day hgc phu hgp Ngoai ra,DG phailaora suphat trie'n, phai nang cao nang luc cua ngudi hgc, giup SV hinh kha nangluDG,DG lan de'phat trien nang luc tu hge,tunghieneuu eua SV Dd'i mdi hoat dpng KTDG theo djnh hudng COR la mdt viee lam cap thiet qua trinh dao tao hien cua eae trudng dai hpe vi san pham ehat lupng dao tao dupc xa hdi ddn nhan chinh la thude tao nen uy tin va danh tieng ciia Nha trudng qua trinh hdi nhap va phat trie'n • (1) (2) Nguygn Nhu t Dai tu di^n tieng Viet NXB Bgi hoc qud'c gia TP Ho Chi Minh, 2001 (3) (4) Duung Thieu Tdng Trac nghiem v^ luitiig thuc hanh lhanh qua hoc t^p (phuong ph^p thuc h&nh) Trutrng Dai hpc Tdng hop TP H6 Chi Ivlinh, 1995 Tai lieu tham khao Be GD-DT Quy^t djnh sd 2196/BGDDT-GDDH 22/4/2010 cua B6 GD-DT vS huong dan xay dung vk cong bd chu^n ddu ng&nh dho tao TrSn Long Dam bao cha't lupng a khau danh gia ke't qua hoc tap dan tu ngudn http://ktdbcl.hcmussh edu.vn SUMMARY Testing - Evaluation is one of the indispensable components of teaching process (alms, contents, methodsanh testing - evaluation) These components mutually link Interact with and depend on one another in order to make qualities of education Of which, testing - Evaluation plays an essential role in enhancing qualities of training and teaching Innovationsin teaching - Evaluation, therefore, becomean important, significant tool to identify awareness ability of learners for necessary adjustments in teaching -learning process; the motivation for renovating teaching methods, contributing to improving the training qualities of human products as the intended training outcomes Tap chi Gido due so 338 | 39 ... bai KT/thi Tranh tinh trang G V cham bai theo kieu cam tinh se DG khdng dung, khdng tmng va khdng dam bao COR Vi ne''u khdng edng bing, chay theo lhanh tieh thi d§ d i n de''n tinh trang S V tot... hgp Ngoai ra, DG phailaora suphat trie''n, phai nang cao nang luc cua ngudi hgc, giup SV hinh kha nangluDG,DG lan de''phat trien nang luc tu hge,tunghieneuu eua SV Dd''i mdi hoat dpng KTDG theo djnh... so 338 3) Bdi mdi boat dgng KTBG ke''t qua hgc tip ngudi hge theo dinb hudng CBR - CBR cija cic tn/dng dai hgc can phai duc^ xay dtmg theo each tiep can ning life Mdi GV xae dinh muc tieu mdn hpc