THiiTKEHOATflONGHDCTAP CHO SINH VIIN TRONG DAY HOG flIAU TIINHIiNVIEiNAMiKHOADIAllJOIlNGDAIIIOCIIIlPIIAM PGS TS O A U TH! HOA* Trong dgy hpc d dai hpc hien nay, giang vien (GV) v in chu yeu nghieng ve[.]
THiiTKEHOATflONGHDCTAP CHO SINH VIIN TRONG DAY HOG flIAU TIINHIiNVIEiNAMiKHOADIAllJOIlNGDAIIIOCIIIlPIIAM PGS T 44 TS O A U TH! H O A * rong dgy hpc d dai hpc hien nay, giang vien (GV) v i n chu yeu nghieng ve "thiet kecac hoat ddng dgy hpc" len Idp nhu: trinh bay nhung ndi dung nao, sudung eae hinh thuc, phuong phap, phuong tien nao), ma chua ehu trpng thiet ke nhung hoatdgng hgc tap (HBHT) cho sinh vien (SV) (vdi ngi dung nay, SV phai iam gi, hogt dgng nhuthe nao, dira vao nhung cdng cu nao de hoan nhiem vu ) Vi vay, Chung tdi da nghien eiJU, thiet kecac hogt dmg eho SV hpc tap mdn Bia litunhiin VietNam (6LTNVN) nh^m nang eao chat lupng day hpe Hoat dong hgc tap Dudi goc Tam lihgc, HBHT dugc hieu la "hanh ddng tri de" nham chiem ITnh tri thflc, gdm: - Hanh dgng phan tich: f\m nguon gd'c ndi tgi, cau tmc logic cua dd'i tupng; - Hanh dgng mo hinh hda: dien dgt khai niem mgt each tmc quan; - Hanh dgng cu the hda:vach rd ban chat van de, giai quyet cac mdi quan he Vi vgy, cd the hieu khai niem HBHT la: Ngudihgc tugiae, tich cue tu to chdc, tudieu khien hanh dgng hgc tip cua minh nhim thuc hien nhung nhiem vu hgc tap Ban chat cua HB HT la hogt dpng ehuyen hudng vgo su tim tdi, phat hien, chiem ITnh nhung tri thuc d ngud^ hgc (tim tdi phat hien nghTa la tim va phat hien Igi nhflng tri thdc khoa hgc da dugc cac nha khoa hpc phat hien ra) Mud'n vgy, ngudi hpe phai huy dpng npi lue ban than, cang phat huy eao ndi lue bao nhieu thi viec tim tdi, phat hien, chiem ITnh kien thflc cang dien hieu qua bay nhieu HBHT lam thay dd'i chinh ngudi hpc va khdng chi hudng vao viee tie'p thu nhung kien thdc, kTnang, kTxao ma edn hudng vao viec tie'p thu nhflng tri thflc eija ban than chuong trinh, muc tieu, phuong thdc va cd ngudi chi dgo, hudng dan; - Mdi mdn hgc deu ed mdt he thd'ng cac HBHT, dtren Idp cac HBHT ehu ye'u GV thiet ke cho SV thuc hien; d nha chu ye'u SV tu thiet ke vathuc hien Nguyen tac, quy trinh thiet ke cac HOHT day hoc m d n BLTNVN Bge diem chung HBHT eua SV: - Cd tinh dpe dao ye muc dieh va ket qua hogt dpng SV hpc tap ditiep thu tri thflc khoa hpc, hinli kTnang, kT xao nghe nghiep, phat trien nhflng pham chat nhan each; - Mang tinh ddc lap eao, cot Idi lasfltfly thflc ve dgng co, myc dich va bien phap hpc tap; - Diln dieu kien ed ke hoaeh: cd ngi dung, Budc 2: Phan tich ngidung bai hge (ngidung cua phan, eua cftwcng^de xac djnh dugc nhung kie'n thflc CO ban ciJa bai hge (khai niem, quy lugt, moi quan hg d[ali j Phan tich npi dung bai hgc cung la cosd thirc tiln de xae djnh HB HT mgt each cu the Vi dy, phan Tap chi Gido dye so 340 1) Nguyin tae thiit ki'eae HBHT: - Bam bao thue hien m ue tieu cua bai hgc; - Giup ngudi hgc chiem ITnh nhflng kien thflc, kT nang eo ban eua bai hpc va md rdng, phat trie'n tri thdc; - Vda phat huy vai tro nang lue eua canhan, vda phat huy vai trd eua 5Uhc^ lac; - Vfla sflc vdi trinh dp nhgn thflc ehung eua SV 2) Quy trinh thiit ki'cie HBHT day hoc BLTNVN Budc 1:Xac dinh muc tieu cua bai hgc (ciia phan cua chuang).Muc ti§u bai hge ehinh la "dieh" ma SV can dgt dugc sau bai hge, G V de dedjnh hudng eae HBHT eho ngudi hgc Viec xac djnh muc tieu dung, rd rang se la can cfl de t^ chdc cac hogt dpng dgy hgc khoa hgc vadanh gia khach quan, lugng hoa duge ketqua hgc tap cua SV Vi du, sau hgc xong Phan Hoan k/u quyen {Chuong Khi hiu Viet Nam), SV can: Biet dugc cac hoan luu anh hudng de'n ktii hau nudc ta; hieu tinh ehat eua cac hoan luu nay; phan tich dugc nguydn nhan hinh thanh, co che hogt dgng, thdigian hoat ddng va anh hudng eua notdi thdi tiet va hau tren lanh tho Viet Nam; ren dugc kT nang phan tieh md'i quan he, kTnang ban Nhflng mue tieu dd se djnh hudng eae hogt ddng nhim vao: xac djnh nguon goc cua eae hoan luu;tim kian nguy&n nhan; xac dinh dudng di chuyen, noi tac dpng cua mdi hoan luu * Khoa 6ja li, Tnidng Dai hoc stf pham - 0?! HQC Da Nang (ki2~ 8/2014) tich ndidung cua Phin Hoan luu quyen dudi thap, Chung ta se nit duge; + Cae khai niem, quy luat co ban {Hoan luu tin phong: Hoan luu gid mua;Ap thap nhiit ddi; Bao; Frdn lanh; Gio mua Bdng bac; Gid mOa Tiy nam; Quy luat gio mua; Quy luat bao ); + Cae ndidung kien thflc eo ban (gdm: nguyen nhan, eo ehe hoat dgng, anh hudng den hau): Caoap chi tuyin va gio tin phong; Cao ap Xibia va gid m ua Bong bic; Ha ap xich dao va gid Tay nam ngudn goc tin phong Nam ban cau; Ha ap An Do - Mianma va gidmua Tiy nam; Ap thap nhiit ddi va bao; + Cac md'i quan he: Vj tri dja li - dja hinh va hoan luu; Hoan luu -Dja hinh - Khi hau; Bia hinh -Bao Budc 3: Xac dinh cac HBHT Td phan tich ndi dung bai hgc, GV cdthetudat cac cau hdi: Bechlem Hnh dugc ngi dung can may hoat dgng ? Nhimg bai ho$t dgng nao ? Ngi dung cua tung hoat ddng la g/7Viec giai dap cac cau hdi neu tren segiupGV xac dinh dugc cac HBHT eua SV bai hgc Vidu, phan tich ndi dung eo ban eua Phin Ap thapnhietddi l/aMo,GV xae djnh phan cd hogt ddng, gom: hogt ddng nhdm (tim hie'u va giai thieh nguyen nhan cua ap thap nhiet ddi va bao) va hogt ddng canhan (hoatdpng 1: Phan tich CO ehe hoat dgng cua ap thap nhiet ddi va bao; hoat dpng 2: Xae djnh dudng di, hudng diehuye'nva khu vut: tac dpng eua ap thap nhiet ddi va bao den Viet Nam tren ban do) C h i n g hgn, dd'i vdi hogt ddng: Xac dinh dudng di, hudngdichuyih vakhu vuc tac dgng cua ap thap nhiet ddi va bao de'n VietNam tren ban do, G V e i n : Hudng dan SV dua vao tai lieu hau, tugng Viet Nam, ban hau; - Hd trg phieu cung cap thdng tin ve mgt so eon bao dien hinh; - Hudng dan each trinh bay b i n g luge do, tuve hudng di chuyen, dudng di, khu vuc tac ddng eua ap thap va bao Cung dd.GV quan sat, giai quyet mgt sdnhdng thae m i e cua ca nhan hogc nhdm SV hogt dpng Budc 5: Danh gia cac hoat dgng cua ca nhan, nhdm thdng qua phieu, bao cao, hoae cac ban do, luge do, so ve Cudi cung, GV nhan xet nhung hogt dpng va ket luan Thiet ke cac HBHT cho SV day hgc phan BLTNVN (khai quat) Tfl quy trinh tren, chung tdi da thid't ke duge cae hogt ddng euthetrong hpc phan BLTNVN (khai quat) gom cae hogt dgng nhgn thflc va thye hanh tung chuong cho SV (xem bang 1): ga'n^ , Cac hoat dgng mdn T7 Chuwig - Vl«l Nam ' Blahinh Vi$t Nam Khlhju Vi^lNam ' Vi^Nam Thi S nhuAng VieiMam Cdc hoat abrvj nhan 1hi2c kiSn thuc D ^ h gia Mc ()$ng cua vi Iri