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Tap chl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Xuan Hgu vd tgk BOI MCfl PHirONG PHAP DAO TAO GIAO VIEN XU HlTOOVG VA N H U N G GIAI PHAP CAN VAN DUNG 6 TRU''''OfNG DAI HQC SlT PHAM THANH PHO HO CHI MINH PHAM X U A N H[.]
Tap chl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Xuan Hgu vd tgk BOI MCfl PHirONG PHAP DAO TAO GIAO VIEN: XU HlTOOVG VA N H U N G GIAI PHAP CAN VAN DUNG TRU'OfNG DAI HQC SlT PHAM THANH PHO HO CHI MINH PHAM X U A N HAU*, NGUYEN THj H A N G " T M TAT Doi m&i phucmg phdp, ndng eao chdt lugmg ddo tgo gido vien Id nhu edu tdt yeu khdch quan cua nhd tru&ng cdc cdp noi chung vd Tru&ng Dgi hoc Suphgm Thdnh phd H Chi Minh (DHSP TPHCM) noi rieng Trong qud trinh thi^c hien, tru&ng cdn tiip can cdc xu hu&ng doi m&i vd nhin nhdn vai trd eua mlnh di co nhung gidi phdp lich cue, hap li gdp phdn Ihay doi edn bdn vd todn dien gido due Viet Nam Tie khoa: ddi mdi dao tao, xu hudng ddi mdi ABSTRACT Innovating the methods of training teachers: the tendency and solutions for Ho Chi Minh City University of Education The innovation of teaching methods for improving training quality is an inevitable and objective demand to schools in general and Ho Chi Minh City University of Education (HCMUE) in particular In the process of implementation, HCMUE needs to approach innovation tendencies and regconise its role so that it can propose positive and reasonable solutions eonlributing to the basic and comprehensive innovation of Vietnam's education Keywords: innovating traning, innovation tendencies Dat van de Trong nhung nam gdn ddy va hien nay, mdt nhiing van dd "ndng" dugc xa hoi va nganh giao due rat quan tam la sy xudng cap ve chat lugng giao due, san pham chua dap iing dugc nhu ciu phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi thdi ki mdi Trong sd cdc yeu td cd vai trd quylt djnh ddn chit lugng giao due thi ylu td ngudi thay (giao vien - GV) cd vai trd ddc bidt quan Cung vdi su phat triln nhanh ciia nln kinh tl thi trudng theo djnh hudng xd hoi chii nghia, nganh • PGS TS, Trudng Ogi hpc Su phgm TPHCM " HVCH, Trudng Ogi hpc Su phgm TPHCM giao due dd tao dugc budc chuydn bidn manh vide phat tridn dgi ngii GV cdc cap ed vd lugng va chat, va da tiing budc dap ling ydu cau ciia xa hdi Tuy nhidn, dpi ngu GV dugc dae tgo d nhidu ngudn, nhidu trudng thudc nhieu khu vuc, nhieu loai hinh khac ndn cdn bde Id nhiing hgn chd nhat dinh Thuc td cho thay, dpi ngu GV dang gidng day d he thdng trudng cdc cap cdn mdt ti Id kha ldn chua dgt chuan ve dao tao va cung khdng it nhiing GV dugc dao tao cd bang cap nhimg van chua dap iing ydu ciu vl chuydn mdn, vi vdy thuc hien ddi mdi chuong trinh vd sdch gido khoa, phan idn GV chua manh dgn ddi mdi T?ip chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCH/I phuong phap, van day theo phucmg phap truyin thing, truyen thu kiln thiic mot chieu, hoac rat liing timg su dung phuong phap mai Dilu viia khong kich thich su hiing thii hoc tap cua hpc sinh vira lam cho nguoi hpc thu dpng qua trinh hpc tap Tniomg DHSP TPHCM la tru6ng dai hoc (DH) trpng diem he thing cac truang DH noi chung va su pham noi rieng cua ca nuac Hien tai truang co quy m6 dao tao khoang hon 23.000 sinh vien, co khoang hem 19.000 sinh vien dugc dao t?o cr 21 chuyen nganh su pham Hing nam, c6 khoang han 2000 sinh vien tit nghiep tham gia giang d?y a cac truong trung hpc thong (THPT), trung hpc eg sa (THCS), tiiu hpc (TH), mam non va cac trucmg khac Nhieu nam qua, Truimg DHSP TPHCM da hit siic coi trpng vi$c nang cao chit lugng dao tao, dac biet la viec doi moi phucmg phap dio tao, ma c6t 16i 14 dii m6i phuang phap giang day, phuong phap hge va kiem tra danh gia Viec dii mai nham dao tao mgt dpi ngu GV co du trinh dp, nang lye su dung cac phuong phap djy hpc dl phat huy tinh chu dpng, sang tap, kha nang tu hpc, tu nghien cuu ctia hpc sinh Tuy nhien, qua trinh trien khai thuc hien dii moi chua thuc su dat dugc kit qua nhu mong muln Khong it GV cua trucmg thieu chii dpng viec thuc hi?n dii mdi phucmg phap, vi v?iy, truong cSn co sir nghien ciiu, xem xet tilp can nhiing kinh nghiem va xu hucmg d6i moi ciia cac nuoc, cac truong manh cua quoc gia de tim nhung giai phap hgp S6 50 nam 2013 li nhim dat hieu qua cao Bai vilt neu mpt so giai phap va xu huang doi moi phuang phap dao tjo GV tai Truang DHSP TPHCM Dao tao GV va xu hirdng floi moi 2.1 Bao tao GV6 m^t so nu6c • dHoaKi Truac nhOng cam go kho co thi ton tai cua cac phuang phap dao tao truyen thing va mpt chucmg trinh dugc coi la thilu can dii (vira thieu, vira thira), da tao dpi ngu GV khong du nang lire dap irng yeu ciu thoi ki mai Nen giao due Hoa Ki da co nhiing chinh sach, ke hoach va nhirng tieu chi can c6 cua giao sinh su pham (GV tuong lai) fflithig diu tu cho thay dii quan trgng la: Su chuyen dii vl chuong trinh dao tao, giam bot tinh "han lam" chuyin sang gin vol thuc tiln; tap trung cao cho dao t?o theo huong lam chii tri thiic cita sinh vien va dao tao GV theo tieu chuan cua timg bang; dam bao day dii ve so lupng va chat lugng GV cho cac lop tieu hge vcfi nhiem vu cung cap kien thiic nen tang; thuc hien va nhan rpng phuong phap day hoc theo tinh hulng va cac hinh thirc mai khac; kit hgp kT thuat day hge qua vi?c tang cuimg trang bi phuang tien day hpc hiSn dai, thii nghi?m cac ki thuat day hpc mai; nang cao ySu cau chit lugng tuyin sinh, tuyen chpn irng vien chat lugng cao; da d ^ g hoa dgi ngu giang vien cac truang su pham de dugc chii trgng nhieu han vl cac vin de dan tpc nha truang [5] Nhimg van dl dao tao GV tuong lai cin phai thyc hien la: Dieu Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM chinh chuong trinh dao tao cho phu hgp vdi nhu cau ciia cac trudng dia phuang; khdng tri bo khung chuong trinh chung "xg ciing" nhu cua cdc tidu bang da xay dung, ma phai thay ddi chuang trinh theo nhu cau nhan luc cua thi trudng; cac trudng su pham phdi tap trung dau tu cho nghien ciiu khoa hoc mot yeu cau nghiem ngdt ddi vdi giang vidn dl md rpng hgp tac, lam tang vi thd cua trudng [5] • d Singapore Hudng theo muc dich xdc dinh la dao tgo GV tdt nghiep DH ve day cho cac trudng THPT va ca TH Vifc dgy d cip nao dugc xem xet tii ket qua ciia hg qua trinh hoc DH GV day TH van dugc hudng luong theo bge DH Dd lam dugc viec can phai cd mot chuang trinh dao tae hgp U, dgc bidt la cho nhiing GV dgy TH, vi tinh chat va each dgy khac nhau, muc dg trang bi kien thiic khac Mpt hudng dae tgo dang tdn tai va phdt huy tae dyng la dao tao GV eac cap d b|ic DH thdi gian nam vdi chuang trinh rieng biet cho tung cdp: Dao tgo GV THPT; GV TH; GV mdm non Hudng khac dang tdn tai va cd hidu qua Id nhiing ngudi tdt nghiep cac DH bac GV THPT va cac DH khde cd nguyen vpng di day cho cdc bac hpc thap hon (TH, mdm non ) se duge hoc mot chuong trinh bd sung cho phii hgp vdi cac bac hoc [5] Chuong trinh dao tgo dugc xac lap dam bdo sir can bdng giOa li thuylt va th\rc hanh Viec thuc hdnh (thuc tap su pham) dugc tiln hanh sau da hodn Phgm Xudn Hdu vd tgk phan li thuydt Thdi gian thuc hanh dugc thuc hien theo chuong trinh chung khoang 10 tuan; ndi dung danh gia thuc hanh vdi hoat ddng chii yeu la: quan sdt bai giang trdn Idp cd chuan bi trudc; quan sdt kit hgp giaa GV, hpc sinh, quan sat vidn d trudng DH va nhan xet, danh gia vide day hoc thuc tap Vide danh gia cac heat dpng nhdm muc dich giiip giao sinh thay rd diem mgnh, diem yeu ciia minh lam vide true tiep vdi hge sinh tren Idp, vdi GV d trudng phd thdng Cling cac ddi tac phdi ket hgp; dgc bidt la vide hidu rd han tinh chat cua viec day hpc nha trudng phd thdng [5] d Nh^t Ban Khac vdi nhieu nudc, d Nhgt Ban ed tdi 56/96 trudng DH qudc gia chju trdch nhiem dao tgo GV mdi viing deu lap it nhat mdt trudng DH, dd ed khoa ddo tao GV Qudc gia chii y xac dinh vai trd quan trpng ciia trudng phd thdng true thudc trudng su pham Trudng ndy dugc xem la ca sd giiip cho vi|c chii dpng thuc hien chuong trinh ren luyen thue td eua gido sinh Trong qua trinh hpc, ngoai vide tidp can thudng xuyen vdi trudng nay, sinh vidn cdn phdi danh thdi lugng khoang den tuan dd thuc hanh dgy hpc, phdi tham gia giang day true tiep khoang 15 den 25 tidt Vide thue tap qua trinh dao tao GV d trudng su pham dupe thuc hidn thdi gian ndm, chia lam giai doan: giai doan ddu thuc tap khoang thdi gian 1-2 tuan vao nam thii eiia khda hge; giai dogn dien khoang tuan vao ndm thii ciia khda hpc Do ed si/ khac Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM biet cac chucmg trinh dao tao, nen nguai dugc chpn lam GV phai dam bao cac yeu cau toi thieu ve cac tin chi nha truong quy dinh Nhirng sinh vien tot nghiep tir cac khoa giao due cua cac DH da nganh va cac khoa chuyen m6n cua cac DH khac phai vugt qua ki thi uy ban giao due cua dia phuong to chuc de tro GV [5] Nham phat trien cho tuang lai, Bp Giao due Nhat Ban da khuyen khich cac trucmg DH tang cuang chat lugng va thay dii dpi ngii GV su pham de co the trang bi cho sinh vien nen tang kien thiic rpng rai ca vl chuong trinh lin npi dung va each danh gia ket qua giao due Ben cgnh do, cae truang DH va cac sa giao due dia phuong thuang xuyen co nhiing dien dan thao luan, trao doi vl each dao tao GV O Han Quoc Phin ldn GV Han QuIc dugc dao tao theo cac cap bac nhu: truang DH su pham dao tao GV TH; cac trucmg cao dang va cac chuong trinh cip chiing chi su pham cac truang DH (day cip THPT va CO so) Viec dao tao GV cung dugc to chiic tai cac khoa su pham cac trucmg DH khac (BH Hang khong va Buu chinh, truang cao ding nghi ) Thai gian dao tao truang la nam Cae mon hge thuc hien theo hinh thuc tin chi Chuang trinh dao tao dugc Bg Giao due Han Quoc quy dinh, gIm phan: Kien thirc khoa hge xa hgi - nhan van (20%), cac mon c6t loi (60%), cac mon tu chgn (20%) Trong khoa hge nam cac truong su pham dao tao GV, 10 S6 SO nam 2013 sinh vien phai co thai gian thuc tap giang day tai cac truang tuong ling (THPT, THCS, TH) khoang tuin Trong thai gian nay, giao sinh phai thuc hien va dat dugc nhimg yeu cau co ban ve nghiep vu (kien thirc va hanh vi) da dugc quy dinh voi cac tieu chi Bp Giao due va co quan quan li giao due dia phuong ban hanh [5] Dao tao giao vien 6" Viet Nam Hien nay, a nuac ta co khoang 133 CO sa dao tao, boi duong GV va can bp quan li giao due, co 14 truong DH su pham, 49 truang DH co khoa, nganh su pham Viec dao tao GV tai cac truang su pham hiu hit tiln hanh theo phuang phap truyin thing (dao tao trinh DH nam), dao tao GV day THPT day chuyen theo mo hinh mgt mon, nam culi khoa CO thai gian thuc tap khoang 78 tuin ve ki nang va nghiep vu su pham (day hpc) theo mon hpc a truang trung hpc, cung CO mpt sl trucmg thuc hien dao tao GV day ghep mgt mon chinh va mpt mon phu Trong nhiing nam gan day, xuit hien mgt s6 trucmg, khoa su pham cac trucmg DH thirc hi?n dao tgo GV theo mo hinh 3+1 (3 nam chuyen mon va nam nghiep vu), hoac mo hinh 4+1 (4 nam hpc chuyen mon, nam hpc nghiep vu) Ngoai ra, co hinh thiic tuyin nhiing sinh vien tot nghiep cac chuyen nganh a cac trucmg ngoai su phgm co nhu ciu di day dl bii duong nghiep vu su pham Ro rang, viee da dang hoa cac hinh thirc dao tao GV da gop phin giai quylt dugc nguyen vpng ca nhan ciia Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM nhiing ngudi muon lam nghe day hpc va su thilu hut GV a cac dja phuong, nhung ciing bpc Id nhOng khd khdn, han chl qua trinh triln khai ddi mdi phuong phap giang dgy, lam anh hudng din chdt lugng dpi ngfl GV tham gia day hpc tgi cac trudng THPT S\r ddi hdi ddi vdi cac trudng su pham ndi chung vd DH su pham ndi ridng la phai tim dugc nhung md hinh dao tgo, nhiing xu hudng ddi mdi phd hgp vdi hoan cdnh vd dilu kien cu thd, dua nhiing giai phap phu hpp de thuc hidn thdnh cdng vi?c ddi mdi phuong phap dao tao, nang cao chat lugng dpi ngii GV, dap ung nhu cdu xa hpi thdi ki mdi NhCmg xu hirdng do! mdi 3.1 Ve hinh thitc vd chirong trinh Nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu ve thyc trgng ddo tgo GV cua cdc nudc tren thd gidi dd cho thay kha rd ve cdc md hinh dao tao GV cac trudng su phgm dang phat triln, cu thd id: Ngdnh su pham dugc coi la mgt bp phgn cua cac trudng DH tdng hgp, thuc chat la khoa giao due hoae vidn su phgm trudng DH (phd bidn d cac nudc Hoa Ki, Anh, Nhat Ban ) Cac trudng su phgm cip thip (trung cap su phgm, cao ddng su pham ) dupe nang cdp trudng DH su phgm (trong ddo tgo GV cac cap) Trudng DH su phgm duge hgp nhdt tir cac trudng dao tao GV cdc cip, thuc hi?n dao tgo GV tir TH din DH Trudng DH dpc lap, vdi myc dich nhit la dao tgo GV d trinh dp DH va Phgm Xuan Hgu vd igk sau DH Cac md hinh dao tao ndy the hidn rd d cac nudc: Phdp, Trung Qudc, Nhdt Ban va mdt so nude khu vuc Ddng Nam A, ed Viet Nam Nhin chimg, hien nay, d cae nudc Ddng Bac A va Ddng Nam Chau A, chuong trinh ddo tao GV cdn thidu sir can ddi giua dao tao kien thiic chuyen nganh vdi gido due hpc (li thuylt giao due, li ludn day hpc, phuong phdp giang day bp mdn ) Viec quy dinh thdi gian thuc tap su phgm tai cac trudng phd thdng cung khac nhau, cu thd nhu; Thdi gian thuc tgp bat budc chuong trinh d Nhat Ban: tuan; Trung Qudc: tuan; Han Qudc: tuan; Singapore: 10 tuan; Dai Loan: tuan; Viet Nam: tuan Vi vay, xu the xay dung mpt chuang trinh dao tao dam bdo su can ddi hai hda giGa H thuydt vl gido due vdi kidn thiic khoa hpc chuyen nganh va nghidp vu su pham da trd myc tidu d^c bidt quan trpng sudt qua trinh dao tao 3.2 Ve npi dung vdphuv^ng phdp Vide dao tgo GV vdi thgp ki gin day da cd budc tien nhanh, thay ddi cdn ban ve nhan thiie va each ddo tao, tu vide rap khudn may mdc theo cae thao tac vd cdng viec ciia ngudi day, chuyen sang vide giup xac lap sy dpc lap, chii dpng va sang tgo cua ngudi hpc Cac trudng phd thdng khdng cdn dugc coi la noi gui va nhd giiip dd cho giao sinh cua trudng su pham din thyc tgp, ma da dan dugc coi la ddi tac cgng ddng trach nhiem ciia cdc trudng su phgm Cac xu hudng ddi mdi phuomg 11 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM phap dao tao GV chinh dang dien la: Xu hucmg day hpc liy nguai hpe lam trung tam phat triln manh ba, bin thap ki qua, khai diu va tap trung cac nuac phat trien thugc chau Au, Bac Ml da lan truyin sang cac nuoc dang phat trien, co nhieu qudc gia chau A Xu huong dat va doi hoi eac GV va giao sinh su pham phai chuyen doi chirc nang qua trinh giao due, la: Nguoi thay can giam bat vai tro "dpc thoai", la "trung tam" suot qua trinh day hpc, ma phai danh cho nguoi hpc vi the moi voi nhiSu co hpi tro "trung tam", voi phuang phap hpc mai, tich cue, chil dgng, sang tao qua trinh tim toi va linh hpi tri thiic tren co sa sii dung cong nghe thong tin Xu hudng chuyen tit nhiem vu truyen dat kien thirc sang viec giup nguai hge hinh ki nang, phucmg phap tu hpc, nang luc tu giai quylt vin de Xu huong dugc nhin nhan vol trach nhiem cao a cac nude Lien minh chau Au hp nhan thirc rang: Trong thai dai bung no ve thong tin, nha truang hien dai khong the sir dung phuang phap day hpc cu ma cin phai thay doi vai tro cua GV Truoc nhiing doi hoi cua xa hpi hien dai, GV phai CO nSng lue lam viee vai cong nghe, thong tin, cap nhat kiln thiic; biit lam viec vcri nguoi cimg hpc, ding nghiep, cac doi tac ho trg; chu dong lam viec mgi m6i truang xa hgi Xu huong tang cuang sii dung cong nghe thong tin va truyin thong day va hge eho thiy ro tac dpng cua viec sit dung cong nghe thong tin va truyin thong Sd SO nam 2013 viec doi mai qua trinh day hpc la rit ldm, bdi nd tao nhilu phuang phap tilp cSn chucmg trinh, npi dung qua trinh day hge; tao dilu kien phat trien nang lire chu yeu nhu day/ hpc theo du an, khai thac tai lieu qua internet, thay ddi each danh gia kit qua hpc tap Vi vay, viec tang cudng sil dung cdng nghe thdng tin, truyen thdng day/ hge da va dang trd muc tieu phd bien, xu hudng chung d tit ea cac qudc gia tren thi gidi Xu huang giao due vi sir phat triln bin vimg da va dang trd van de ndng ciia the gidi hien dai bdi canh toan cau hda Phat trien ben vilng hien dugc coi la budc ddi mdi xa hdi cd lien quan din vai tro va trach nhiem cua mgi nguoi, thdng qua su thay ddi ve thai va hanh vi eua moi ngudi, edng ddng va toan xa hpi Giao due phat triln bin virng la nln giao due md cho tat ca mpi ngudi ca hpi tilp thu tri thirc, nhiing gia tri ciing phuang phap hanh dpng, phong each sdng cho mpt tuong lai cao hon Xu hudng dang phat trien he thdng eac trudng ndi chung va dao tao GV d cac nudc chau Au, dien hinh la nudc Dire, Phap, Bi Trong thap ki giao due vi sir phat triln bin virng (2005-2014) Lien hiep qudc phat ddng, viec ddi mdi dao tao GV theo nhirng dinh hudng cua su phat trien ben vimg da trd trao luu quan trpng dugc phd bien rdng rai Nhimg dinh hudng cua phat trien ben virng la diy manh qua trinh hien dai hda, ddi mdi tren eac khia canh hanh vi, thai do, thi chl \k Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCI\/1 cdng nghe Qua trinh ddi mdi dao tao GV theo dinh hudng cua su phat triln bin vilng la lam cho "cac ca sd dao tao GV trd td chirc phat triln bin virng, la nai dao tao nhdng GV cd nang luc giao due phat trien ben vimg" [!]• Mpt sd giai phap doi mdi can thuc hien Trudng DHSP TPHCM la trudng chuyen dao tao GV cac cap tir mim non, TH, THCS, THPT, giao due dae biet ed DH va trdn DH De hoan trpng trach mdt trudng DH su phgm trpng dilm eua cac tinh phia Nam va ca nudc, trudng can cd nhung giai phap hgp Ii dd thuc hidn hieu qua viec ddi mdi phuong phdp dao tao GV Theo chiing tdi, nhiing giai phap dudi day se ho trp tdt cho qua trinh ddi mdi: (i) Nhgn thuc ve doi m&i phirong phdp Xde dinh ddi mdi phuong phdp dao tgo la trach nhiem ciia tat ea can bp quan li, giang vidn, cdng nhdn vidn d mpi ITnh vyc, mpi don vi trudng, vi: Tinh cdp thidt, muc tieu, ndi dung va yeu cau cua vide ddi mdi phuang phdp dao tgo phai dugc quan triet ddn tung ngudi, nhu vay mdi cd thd tgo dugc dpng lye va phat huy siic manh tdng the, ddng bd qua trinh thuc hien; Ddi mdi phuong phap dao tgo phai dupe ddt moi quan he chat ehe vdi ddi mdi quan li, chuong trinh, ndi dung, hinh thiic td chiic (dao tao, kilm tra danh gia); Phai hilu rd ddi mdi khdng cd Pham Xuan Hgu va tgk nghia la bd han cac phuong phap truyen thdng, ma can su dung cac phuang phap truydn thdng theo hudng phdt huy tinh chii dpng, tich cue, sang tao cua ngudi hpc; Cdn cd nhdn thiic dung dan va thdu dao la "ngudi hpc va vide hpc la li quyet dinh ngudi dgy vd vide dgy" Vi vay, xac dinh sii dung phuong phap trdn quan diem lay ngudi hpc lam trung tdm, can chu y tao mpi didu kidn de ngudi hpc cd dugc mdi trudng hpc tap thugn lgi nhat; Ngudi day thyc hien vide day phdi xuat pl^t tu ddng eo, trinh dp, dieu kidn, dae didm eua ngudi hpc; Danh mpi dieu kien thugn lpi nhat dd tgo cho ngudi hpc tinh chu ddng, ddc lap, sang tgo ITnh hdi kidn thuc, tu kiem tra, danh gia nang lye ciia minh; Chu y den ddc diem xuat than va tinh ridng bidt, su phan hda cd nhdn de cd phuong phap phu hgp, phdt huy diing ndng luc thi mdi dem lgi hidu qua nhu mong mudn (ii) Triin khai rpng vd hieu qud viec doi m&i phirffng phdp dgy eda gidng vien Trudng can cd vdn ban phap li va djnh ehd eu thd, ydu cau timg giang vidn phai: Van dung nghiem tiie, cd traeh nhidm phuong phap gidng day theo hudng giiip ngudi hpc chu ddng, sang tao ty hpe, ty nghien ciiu; Khac phuc ddn chdm diit ldi truyen dgt kien thiie mpt chieu, bd quan niem "ngudi thay la trung tam", giam thdi gian hpc li thuyet, tdng thdi gian ty hpc, ty 13 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM nghien cim ciia ngudi hpe; Tich cue chii ddng sir dung phuong phap mdi theo hudng lay ngudi hpe lam trung tam, ngudi hpc phai la ngudi ehu ddng, ddc lap, tu quyet qua trinh hpc tap va nghien cuu (iii) Tang cw&ng li-ng dung cong nghi thong tin vao qud trinh dgy hoc Cac phuong tien truyen thdng dang lam thay ddi c^ch tiep can tri thuc cua ngudi Sir phat trien vd eiing nhanh chdng cua cdng ngh? thdng tin da "trinh dien" mpt khdi lupng kien thirc khdng Id, ddi hdi ngudi phai cd kha nang thu nhan, ting hpp, phan tich de hieu biit ehinh xac ban chat, ddng thdi, phai cho ngudi hpc biet each chu ddng tim kiem, ghi nhan, phan tich vi: Cdng nghe thdng tin da gdp phin tich cue vao vi?c ddi mdi phucmg phap day hpc ciia ngudi day Cac cdng eu da phuong tien giup ngudi day trinh diln kien thirc phong phii, sinh ddng va hip dan; Cdng nghe thdng tin eung la phuang ti?n quan trgng cd vai trd quylt dinh ddi mdi viee hpc ciia ngudi hoc Thdng qua cac cdng cu, ngudi hpc chii ddng tim tdi, tiep can, chpn Ipe kiln thiic cd lien quan qua trinh hpc, lam tang su tu tin, kha nang tu lap trpng hge tap va nghien ciru (iv) Ting cuong chat Iuang dgy hge cdc mon nghiep vg suphgm De tang cudng chat lugng day hpc cac mdn nghiep vu su pham, cin dac biet quan tam dau tu toan dien, thuc hien kit hgp cac mdn nghiep vu su pham vdi cac S6 SO nam 2013 mdn khoa hpc co ban, cu the la: Diu tu thich dang vl thdi lugng, ca sd vSt chit va dpi ngu giang vien cho viec day cac mdn vl nghiep vu su phgm nhu: Tam li hge, Giao due hge, Phuong phap giang dgy bd mdn, ren luyen nghidp vu su phgm; Khi dgy cac kien thiic chuyen mdn (cac nganh hpc) can cd su ket hgp ren luyen cho ngudi hpe nhiing kien thiic va kl nang su phgm^ thdng qua nhiing hogt ddng cua thiy cd tiet dgy tren lop (tac phong, each truyin dgt, each su d^ng phucmg tien dgy hpe, diln dgt, xir li tinh hudng va eae hanh vi d vi tri ngudi thiy ); Xay dung phdng giang miu hi?n dai du de cd thi tSng cudng td chirc cdc tilt thuc hanh tap giang cho sinh vien, giiip hp ren luyen ki nang sir dyng cdng nghe thdng tin va thiet bi dgy hpc hien dai (v) Boi m&i phircmg phdp kiim tra, ddnh gid Kiem tra, danh gia la khau dac bi?t quan trgng eua qua trinh day hoc Kit qua kiem tra danh gia phan tah mirc dgt dugc muc tieu ciia viec day hge, duge kha nang dap irng nhu cau xa hdi tir nhimg san phim dao tgo Vi vgy, phai coi trpng viec kilm tra, danh gia nhim phat huy tac dung cua qua trinh ddi mdi phucmg phap dgy hpc Viec ddi mdi phuang phap kiem tra, danh gia cin luu y cac van de sau: Phuong phap kilm tra, danh gia cin ap dung nhilu phuong phap khac nhu: tu luan, van dap, trie nghiem khach Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Xudn Hgu vd tgk quan; tidu ludn, bai tap ldn, nien ludn, 2030), cu thd la: thao ludn, bao eao kit qua thyc tl - thyc Cac bdi giang tren lop cua gidng dia, bai chuan bi cho thdo ludn nhdm va vidn va bai tap tu lam cua sinh vien phai td, trinh bay trudc nhdm ; tao co hpi the hidn sy khoi day niem dam me, tinh cho sinh vidn thd hidn kha nang ty hpc, ty td md, tinh tu lap giai quyet cac van dd nghidn ciiu Kdt qua danh gia cin chi dat bang each tdt nhat; nhung uu didm va hgn chl cua sinh vidn Can cap nhgt bd sung kip thdi cdc the hien d bai thi, bai kidm tra; kidn thiic sang tgo khoa hpc mdi; Viec thi cu, kidm tra ddnh gia sinh Tang cudng giang day kT ndng sii vidn can cdng khai qua trinh dgy dyng cdng nghd thdng tin cho sinh vien hpc vd kdt qua sii dyng cdc hinh thiic qud trinh hpc tap va tap giang day kiem tra danh gid; Tdng thdi lugng va ndi dung gidng day Tang cudng thi kiem tra theo hudng cdc mdn nghidp vy, hinh kT ndng md (dugc su dyng tai lieu lam bdi), day eho sinh vien qua trinh hpc, thuc hien edng khai ddp an sau thi nham giiip cho nhiing GV tuong lai cd xong cho mpi hinh thiic thi; tdm nhin tdng hgp cae heat dgng can - Viec danh gia ket qua can cd sy thidt cua ngudi thay, giiip sinh vien thuc thi cdng tac gidng day bdng each: phdi, kit hgp cac hoat dpng hpc tap thudng xuydn trdn Idp va thuc te, the hien Dua cdc hoat ddng nghidp vy su sy hieu biet qua phdt bidu tranh ludn phgm vao chuang trinh thudng xuydn tii gid hpc vd thyc hanh, dd sinh vien nam thii nhat den ndm cudi khda vdi ed niem tin tu hpc; nhidu hinh thiic khac nhau, phiJ hgp vdi nhdn thiic ciia sinh vien d tung khdi Idp; Can thuc ddy viec thdnh lap ngdn Xdy dyng hoan chinh va ban hdnh hang dd thi va cau hdi eho eac hinh thiic thi; he thdng cac cau hdi ngoai vide the rdng rai trudng, den tiing GV va hidn dupe npi dung co bdn ciia chuyen sinh vien bd chudn kien thuc va kT ndng mdn, cdn can cd nhiing cau hdi phdt huy nghidp vu su pham; tinh sdng tgo cua sinh vien Ngdn hang Tang cudng cde hogt dgng thyc td d cau hdi phdi dugc bd sung thudng xuydn cdc trudng THPT de sinh vien tiep can, hang nam vdi nhimg kien thiic, thdng tin nam bdt cae hogt dpng cua nha trudng, egp nhat tgo dugc sy gan gui vdi mdi trudng ma (vi) Ho trgt tdi da cdc diiu kipn c&n tuong lai trudng minh se la vidn hoge chu nhdn th lit ch o ddi m&i ph uong ph dp ddo tgo Cdn tap trung tri tue ddi mdi (vii) Tap trung ddu tie, ndng cao hipu qud kiin tap, thuc tap sit phgm chuong trinh, npi dung ddo tao eho phii hgp vdi nhu cau xa hgi, dac bi?t Be dau tu, nang cao hi?u qua kidn tap, thyc tap su phgm, can thyc hi?n cdc giai doan thyc hien ddi mdi cdn ban va bidn phap sau: toan dien gido dye Vi?t Nam (201515 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phat huy tdi da lgi the tir Trudng Trung hge Thuc hanh cua trudng de sinh vien cd nhilu eo hdi tilp can du gid, tap giang thudng xuyen; Lua ehpn cac trudng THPT cd uy tin vl td chile quan li, cd tinh than trach nhiem, chit lugng chuyen mdn tit de dua sinh vien den kien tap, thuc tap; Td chirc cac doan thuc tap (tdng hgp), khdng nen qua ddng sinh vien mdi nganh, vao mdt trudng (chi nen khoang - sinh vien/ nganh), de hg cd dilu kien tilp can cdng viec va dugc su hudng dan cd lya chpn nhieu hon; Thuc hien cai tien each danh gia ket qua thye tap su pham hien bang each: thuc hien danh gia mdn nghiep vu su pham bang ket qua tdng hgp tir ket qua hoc cae mdn nghiep vu (li lugn dgy hge, phuong phap dgy hpc bd mdn, tam li hpc, giap due h o c ) va ket qua thyc tap (tai cac trudng THPT) ket qua chung la ket qua "nghiep vu su pham"; Dap irng day dii cac dieu kien ve phuong tien giang dgy, thyc hanh, tai ehinh cho viec giang dgy cae mdn hpc nghiep vu su pham va thyc tap su phgm tgi cac phdng ehuyen de d trudng su phgm va noi thuc tap (trudng THPT) (vii) Nang cao hieu qui quan ll, chi dgo qud trinh thu-c hien ddi mdi Lanh dgo trudng va cac phdng ban phai xem ddi mdi phuong phap dao tgo la nhiem vu va trach nhiem thudng xuyen ciia minh, chi dgo va hd trp ed hieu qua cho eac dtm vi chuyen mdn trien khai nhiem vu ddi mdi (ca chl, phuang tien, tai ehinh), cu the nhu: 16 S6 50 nam 2013 Thyc hien thudng xuyen liy y.kien cua sinh vien vl chit lugng (chuyen mdn, phuang phap day ) ciia timg giang vien; So kit, tdng kit danh gia va thdng bao kip thdi cho cac khoa, ca nhan giang vien kit qua liy y kiln sinh vien, thue hien khen thudng va nhae nhd de giang vien dieu chinh (neu cd) Cac khoa chuyen mdn td chirc phat ddng, xac djnh trach nhiem den timg GV vl thye hien ddi mdi phuang phap dao tao: Timg budc chpn Ipc nhimg phuang phap dugc sinh vien danh gia hieu qua vdi qua trinh hpc cua hp, sau phd bien cho giang vien van dung; Td chire du gid thudng xuyen, nit kinh nghiem, phat huy uu dilm, bd sung kip thdi nhihig han chl ciia viec day va hpc Timg giang vien phai the hien long tu trpng, coi viec ddi mdi phucmg phap dao tao la viec sdng cdn cua giang vien: Chu ddng thuc hien ddi mdi phii hgp vdi dieu kien cu the cua mdn hpc; Biet tiep nhgn nhimg danh gia nhan xet tir ket qua khao sat khach quan ciia sinh vien; - Chil dpng phat huy diem manh, khic phue hgn chl dl hoan thien minh; Tich cue hge tap nang cao trinh dp ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu, tiep can nhung tien bp khoa hpc kT thuat mdi, khai thac hieu qua cac phuang tien thdng tin, truyin thdng dl cap nhgt kiln thiic chuyen mdn bd sung cho bai giang ciia minh Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ket lu^n Ddi mdi phuang phap dao tao nha trudng ndi chung vd cac trudng su pham ndi ridng la mdt thyc te khach quan, xuat phat tu nhu cau phdt tridn ciia xa hdi Trudng DHSP TPHCM la trudng trpng diem, cd nhiem vu dao tao dpi ngu GV chat lupng cao cho khu vyc phia Nam vd cd nudc Trong nhiing ndm qua, trudng da khdng ngiing thuc hidn ddi mdi phuang phap giang dgy, nham nang cao Phgm Xuan Hgu vd tgk chdt lugng dao tao dpi ngii GV Diing trudc nhung ydu cau khach quan cua qua trinh hpi nhap, Nghi quyet ciia Dang vd ddi mdi cdn ban va toan didn gido due Viet Nam giai dogn 2015-2030, ciing nhiing xu hudng ddi mdi phuang phdp dao tao ciia cac nudc khu vyc va thi gidi, trudng can cd nhirng giai phdp tieh eye, hgp li de thye hidn ddi mdi phuang phap dao tgo GV, nhu vgy mdi cd thd thyc hien tdt vai trd trpng didm ciia minh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Giao due va Ddo tgo (2004), Ki ylu Hgi thdo doi m&i gido due DH Viet Nam hgi nhdp vd thdch thuc, Hd Ndi, thdng 3-2004 Dai hpc Qudc gia Hd Ndi (2004), Ki ylu Hpi thdo khoa hoe chdt luong gido due vd vdn di ddo tgo gido vien Ha Ndi, thdng 10-2004 Phgm Xudn Hau (2009), Xdy dung chudn kiin ihi'cc vd kindng nghiep vu supham lgi Dgi hoc Suphgm Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, dd tai nghien eiiu khoa hpc cdp Bd, 2009 Trdn Thj Thu Mai (2005), Tieu chudn ngu&i gido vien nen kinh ti Iri thue, ki ylu hdi thde, Vien Nghidn cuu Gido due, Trudng Dgi hoc Su phgm Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Nguyen Diic Vu (2009), Mpt sd gidi phdp doi mai phuang phdp ddo tgo gido vien trung hge phd thong, dh tdi du an phdt tridn gide vidn trung hpc phd thdng, Dgi hpe Su phgm Hud Ngu'di phan bi?n khoa hpc: TS Tran Thi Thu Mai (Ngdy Tda so^n nh$n dt/pc bdi: 14-8-2013; ng^y phin bi$n d^nh gii: 28-8-2013 ngiy ch^p nhSn dSng 19-9-2013) ... thudng xuyen ciia minh, chi dgo va hd trp ed hieu qua cho eac dtm vi chuyen mdn trien khai nhiem vu ddi mdi (ca chl, phuang tien, tai ehinh), cu the nhu: 16 S6 50 nam 2013 Thyc hien thudng xuyen... cgng ddng trach nhiem ciia cdc trudng su phgm Cac xu hudng ddi mdi phuomg 11 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM phap dao tao GV chinh dang dien la: Xu hucmg day hpc liy nguai hpe lam trung tam phat... dung cong nghe thong tin Xu hudng chuyen tit nhiem vu truyen dat kien thirc sang viec giup nguai hge hinh ki nang, phucmg phap tu hpc, nang luc tu giai quylt vin de Xu huong dugc nhin nhan vol