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36 NG6NNGgABCas6NG S6 10 a28) 2014 '''' MOT VAI Y KIEN DONG GOP \ t VIEC DAY '''' VA HOC MON DICH TRUNG VIET SOME COMMENTS FOR TEACHING AND TRAINING DIVISION OF CHINESE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION LA HANH LY {Th[.]
36 NG6NNGgABCas6NG S6 10 a28)-2014 ' MOT VAI Y KIEN DONG GOP \ t VIEC DAY ' VA HOC MON DICH TRUNG - VIET SOME COMMENTS FOR TEACHING AND TRAINING DIVISION OF CHINESE-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION LA HANH LY {ThS; Dai hoc Sir pliam TP Ho Chf Minh) « Abstract: Along with the integration process according to the trend of globalization, Vietnam has a high position in the intemational market, especially, after opening and reforming the economy, Vietnam has been known much through the way of economic and cultural exchanges Therefore, foreign languages are considered as an important subject that helps Vietnamese make friends with other people in the world, join hands, learn experience and transfer technical technology We can find out the importance"of leaming a foreign language in an open economy and translation is considered as the product of a process in training a foreign language for special purposes Translation is a general skill that requires a leamer practice a language at a higher level, reflected in the aspects such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, tliinking ability, general capacity, social knowledge and life experience which are indispensable in translation In this lesson, we supply teachers and leamers with some methods of translation for reference Key words: The three - step manipulation: Explaining, expressing, editing; Equivalence in translation: equal comparison and unequal comparison; Faithfulness,comprehensibility, comformability in translation Trong bai viet nay, chung toi de cap dSn viec day va hgc bp mon Djch chuyen nganh tiJng Trung Qu6c /./ Dich la qua trinh d6i chilu song ngir; qua trinh xir li van ban ngu5n, nguoi dich CO the tim nhieu each dich, each diln dat khac ma vin dam bao tinh chfnh xac, trung voi nguyen tac Trong qua trinh day dich, c k khuydn khfch nguoi hoc tim each dich hay, co sang tao Ngoai li thuyet tmyjn giang tren lop, cin co nhung , - - , ; ,1 , ,, bat tap hen he vm thuc te de tim nhihig , , ; ,,, cach phu hop, chmh xac I -I T^i J •• ' 1.2, Khi day doi d,ch Trung-Viet can chu y cac thao tacco ban nhu: - Huang dan tao cac ket cau chinh phu, ket cau chu vi, ket cau dpng tan, ket cau dong bo v.v (con gpi cac mang ghep); Luyen dich theo cac mau cau tieng Trung so sanh vol mau cau tieng Viet, - Luyen dich theo c4u triic ngu phap va cac phjn ngO phap cau (trong cau co cac phin djnh ngu, trang ngfl, ^^ ngtr ) " Luyen dich theo each so sanh, doi chito '^^'= '=vm ^^ ^6 tfnh chat doi ve mat y "S."^'^ "*"• "^''^ '''^".*' ^ "8^'^ •" ^^^ '''^" * ' "^^ ^'"^ '''^" * ' P^*" ^ "^""^ ^'™' _, j - i - Phuang phap cong va tru dicn, , , • , , , ^ ,, ,- hay goi cach them va bat tu dicn ,1 «• i, , •- - « • „5„ nham muc dich gpt giua cau van ma van ^^ (,ao trung voi nguyen tac _ p^ji ^^^ „,„ tap quan thoi quen ngdn ngj cua mdi dan tpc d6i voi djch cac vSn ban vS van hoa, van hpc, vta nghe; dam bio tinh chinh xac rat cao d6i vai cac van ban Sol0(228)-2014 NGON NGU*& DOfl SONG khoa hoc ki thu|t, Nghi quygt, van ban phap ti, hgp dong thuang mai 1.3 Bp mon phien dich tren thuc tl din ndm thii ba, ndm thii tu mdi bit ddu hpc Li la vi vi mon phien dich dugc coi nhu mdn hpc t6ng hgp ciia nhilu kiln thiic Chdng han, mgt ngudi muon lam tdt cdng tac phien dich phai hpi du nhimg yeu to ca ban nhu: 1/ Phdt am chinh xdc, diing ngu dieu nhiing tir da hgc; 2/ Cd vdn tir vung phdng phii (tich luy dugc nhieu tir, biet sii dung thao cac tir da hgc); 3/ Ndm dugc ngu phap can bdn (dien gidi diing theo van phong cua ngon ngu thii hai); 4/ Hilu dugc nhiing net van hod ciia ngon ngii thii hai (each giao tilp, img xu, each bilu dat gidng ngudi ban dja); 5/ Co nhihig hieu biet nhdt dinh vl cac mat ddi sing, xd hgi, cong viec (co kinh nghiem th\rc te ddi s6ng hang ngay, giao tiep, thudng xuyen cap nhat thong tin qua cac phucmg tien thong tin dai chiing); 6/ Ndm dugc cdc tu chuyen ngdnh (co dugc von tir chuydn nganh td viec hpc tren ldp hodc tra tir dien chuyen nganh) Dich gom dich xuoi (dich tu tieng Trung Quoc sang tieng Viet) va dich ngugc (djch tir tieng Viet sang tiSng Trung Quoc) Trong dich xudi vd dich ngugc Iai co the phan hai dich noi va dich viet 2.1 Djch xuoi (tir tieng Trung Quoc sang tieng Vi?t) co mpt so dde diem dang chii y nhu sau: Thie nhdt, qud trinh dich xudi se g$p mgt s6 trd ngai cdn xir li, la: tir mdi xudt hi?n; tu da hgc rdi nhung ngir cdnh mdi khdng djch dugc; cdc hu tir cdu, d§c bi?t Id cae tir, gidi tir, trg tir, ngtt tir ; cac tir Hdn co cdc vdn bdn hi^n d^i; cac thuat ngii; cdc tir dia phucmg; cac ngii, tyc ngO ; cdc dde nit vdn hod viing miln dugc phdn anh tilng Trung Quoc Thu hai, can tuan thu cac each dich xudi nhir: 1/ Dpe kt nhieu ldn van ban ngudn de 37 nam dugc ndi dui^ chinh cua van ban ciing nhu y dd ciia tac gia mudn gui gdm din ngudi dge; 2/ Tra ciiu nhiing tir mdi, cac tir chuyen mdn cd van bdn; 3/ Chia van bdn theo bd cue (md bai, than bai, kit ludn) Tieu de nen dich sau cung; 4/ Bdt dau dich timg theo thir tu trudc sau Trong doan cd the CO nhieu cau; trudc hit dich tiing cau, chii y cac hu tir (phd tir, lien tir, trg tir ) cdu, su lien ket giiia cdc phdn cau van ban; 5/ Trong qua trinh dich timg doan, co the chinh sua y timg cdu, ddng thdi chu y den su lien ket giiia cac cau van ban, dac biet chii y su lien ket giiia doan van ban tren vdi doan van ban dudi; 6/ Sau dich xong cac doan, xdu chudi lai, Hen ket hoan chinh Chinh sira, hieu dinh theo each noi, each tu ciia ngudi ban ngu; 7/ Tieu de ciia van ban nen dich sau ciing Id vi, tieu de chinh la van de ma tdc gia cdn chuyen tdi den ngudi doc, hay noi mpt each khdc, tieu de chinh la ndi dung tu tudng cua toan bai Trudc dich tieu de cdn phal xem kl ndi dung van bdn dich Thu ba, mgt van ban dich xudi dugc coi Id dat tieu chuan phai tudn thu nhiing yeu td sau: 1) Ngi dung van bdn phdi chinh xac; 2) Van phong sang, mach lac; 3) Dien dat dl hilu, phil hgp vdi cdch tu ciia ngudi ban ngii Khi da CO tay vdn ban, chung ta phai doc kl van bdn nguyen tdc Muc dich cua dge kT van ban djch la de tim hieu ndi dung van ban, y cua tac gid muon giri gam den ngudi doc dieu gi Ndi mpt each cu thi, dge kl van ban la doc nhu the nao? dpe nhu thi nao mdi la kT? Khi dpe vdn bdn ngudn phai tap trung tu tudng, dge toi thieu ba ldn, nlu ba ldn chua hieu ngi dung van phai dpe din nam bat hoan loan ngi dung mdi dugc bdt tay vao dich Trong budc dich xudi vdn ban gdm budc la li giai, So 10 (228)-20I4 •6' NGON N G C & p e n SONG 38 budc la bieu dat budc la chinh li, thi budc Id budc dugc xem la quan trgng nhat Thu lu, dich xudi cdn van dung phuang phap cua ngdn ngii hpc ddi chieu de doi chieu, do, chii trgng tdi ddi chieu nghTa ciia tii va nghTa cua cau Chdng ban, chuyen dich phai chii y den nhiing cau tnic mang tinh dac thii chi cd ngdn ngii ngudn ma khdng cd ngdn ngii dich Thu ndm, mdi loai van ban cd yeu cdu dich khac Chang han dich cdc tdc pham van hgc nghe thuat dugc xem la viec chuyen ma nghe thuat cua ngdn ngir sang ngon ngir khdc Vi vay, phai cd gang tim sac thai rieng ciia van ban ngudn, chuyen tai va the hien cdch tu ngdn ngii, phong tuc tap quan, mang phong each van chuong ciia ngdn ngii dich Trong qua trinh dich CO su lua chpn, so sanh, them bdt tir de dat dupc yeu td "nhd" 2.2 Dich ngugc (dich tir tieng Viet sang tieng Trung Quoe) thudng dugc coi la khd ban dich xuoi Diem khd la qud trinh xii li vdn ban, su cam nhan ve ngdn ngii thii hai khdng phai tieng me de khiln ngudi dich gap khdng it kho khan Vi the, viec tim md hinh cau va lira chpn tir cho phii hgp cdch ndi, each dien dat cua ca hai ngdn ngir la rat quan trgng: Vi du: CD Hdm ben cdng ty se ban ve van de gid ca Id hang ( VP""^) CD Hdi nghi cap cao nudc ban v l vdn de xuat khau mau dich ddu thd (^i^) bai, ngugc xudi de k i l m tien ( : ^ tg ) (8) Hd Chi Minh da cdng hiln cd cudc ddi W_su nghiep each mang giai phdng dan ) tdc cua ddt nudc ( ^ T l f i f f l (9) Tdi mudn hgc tdt tieng Han ^ cd the dge dugc nguyen tac ma khdng phai tra tir diln.(W® ) (\0) De tdi giiip ban mdt tay ( i b i t * ) (11) Tdi lam viec la yi ban ( ^i=3 T ) Trong cac vi du 1,2,3,4,5,6, tir "ban" cdu tieng Viet, chuyen dich sang tieng Trung Qudc deu cd sy khac biet ve tir; Cac ttf "de" "vi" "cho" vi du 7,8,9,10,11 chuyen dich sang tieng Trung Qudc, ngudi dich phai cd sir phan bi^ cdc tir chi muc dich tieng Viet, tir mdi CO CO sd de lya chgn tir cho thich hop van canh TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O UM^ ^ # mm^i^^m c#^ Nguyln Hiiu Cdu (1998) (Chu bien), Gido trinh li ludn phien dich n mM:^ i ^ (1991) mmm^^ -JitPd^B^^l^mi 1992^ Khuang Dire Ngd (1991), Gido trinh Hdn ngit Cao cdp, Nxb Hgc vien Ngdn ngft Bac Kinh 3.^^'j:•^ ± ^ (1994) wm M © Hp dang ban ve chuyen du lich tudn sau (IHJM) ® Hpi nghi ban ve van d l du hpc (i^i-fe) © Ho dang ban chuyen gi nha m © Chi bd thdo ludn thdng qua nghi quylt (i>tv&) (7) De cd dupc cudc sdng ddy dii sung tiic nhu hdm nay, dng ta da phai buon Trdn Chudc (1994), "Cdu nSf Nxb Dai hgc Ngdn ngii Van hod Bdc Kinh Trung Qudc m%m ± ^ (2000) MiXU^ Chu Dire Hy (2000), Nghien cuu Ngit phdp tieng Hdn hien dgi Nxb Thuang vy (Ban Bien t ^ nhan bai ngSy 23^)8-20M) ... tieng Trung Quoc sang tieng Viet) va dich ngugc (djch tir tieng Viet sang tiSng Trung Quoc) Trong dich xudi vd dich ngugc Iai co the phan hai dich noi va dich viet 2.1 Djch xuoi (tir tieng Trung. .. "ban" cdu tieng Viet, chuyen dich sang tieng Trung Qudc deu cd sy khac biet ve tir; Cac ttf "de" "vi" "cho" vi du 7,8,9,10,11 chuyen dich sang tieng Trung Qudc, ngudi dich phai cd sir phan bi^... thi, dge kl van ban la doc nhu the nao? dpe nhu thi nao mdi la kT? Khi dpe vdn bdn ngudn phai tap trung tu tudng, dge toi thieu ba ldn, nlu ba ldn chua hieu ngi dung van phai dpe din nam bat hoan