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pIRO DUC DnO TfiO KHOfi HOC CONG NGH€ DOI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN DIEN NEN GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO CUA NU''''dC NHA MOT DOI HOI BlfC XUC HIEN NAY (iS TSKEI NGNl) l,e Dii Phonj; Email lediipliong f^dii i ''''dlioo c[.]
pIRO DUC DnO TfiO - KHOfi HOC CONG NGH€ DOI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN DIEN NEN GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO CUA NU'dC NHA- MOT DOI HOI BlfC XUC HIEN NAY (iS.TSKEI.NGNl) l,e Dii Phonj; Email: lediipliong-f^dii i 'dlioo cam Trong him 25 th{tc hi('n dir&ng loi doi mi'n vita qua, nen Giao diic nirac ta da phat trien kha nlumh V(i da co nhung dong gop dong ki' cho vi('c nang cao dan tri cho ngicai dan, dao tqo nguon nhi'm l\rc va hot diiwig nhan tai cho dai nir&c Neu nine nam hQC 1987-1988 cd nirac co 439.700 giao vien thong ciic cap, v&i 12.623.000 hgc sinh, co 100 trm'rng dai hgc va cao dang, voi 19.800 giang vien va 116.700 sinh vien, ihi nam hgc 2010-20 U co 830.923 giao vien thong cac cap vai 14.792.830 hgc sinh va 414 Irm'mg dgi hgc vii cao clung, vai 74 600 giang vien va 162.100 sinh vicn Clio den nay, cd nuac da co tren Iri^u iao dgng co trinh dg dgi hgc va sau dai hgc tra Icn Tuy nhien so vai yeu cuu cua sir nghii-p phut trien dut nirac vu so vc'ri nen Gic'io due ciia nhieu nirac kliu vuc va the giai, nen giao due cua mr&c ta co mgt khoang each khd xa: Ca sa vat chut- ky thugf ciia giuo due Igc hgu trinh dg ciiu dot ngU giao vien cac cap khong dong deu, chinh such doi vai ngirai day va ngicai hgc deu nhieu but cdp va hdti qua Id chat lirang giao duc-dao tao thdp, khong dap I'mg diig'c yeu cau Chinh v\ the vi^c doi mai cun ban vd toon dien nen giao due nirac nha dang la doi hoi het sire bi'rc xiic hi^n Bai viet tap trung ban ve van de nong bong Tir khoa: Giao dye va dao tao, doi mdfi can ban va loan dipn Thtrc trang nen giao due va dao tao ciia nuo'c ta hien eac cap dao t^o va cac trinh dg dao tgo voi 830.923 giao vicn va 14.792.800 hgc sinh Pho thong cac cap; Nen Giao dye each mang Vipt Nam doi n3m 18.100 giao vicn va 686.200 hgc sinh Trung cAp; 1945, sau thang Igi cua cugc each mgng thang vT 74.600 giang vien (trong eo 38.298 nguoi c6 trinh dai Luc ban dau, nen giao dye each m^ng chii yeu dg tren dgi hgc) va 2.162.100 sinh vien Dai hpc va tap trung vao vice xoa nan mil chQ cho nguoi dan, cao dang (Nam hgc 2010-2011-Nien giam Thong ke phat trien giao dye thong va dao tgo mgt so logi nam 2010) Hi?n tpi, Giao dye va Dao tao nuac ta can bg a trinh dg sa cap va trung cap Sau Mien dang tich eye hgi nhap va phan dau de sdm dat trinh dg chung ciia khu vyc va the giai Theo quy djnh eiia Bac dugc hoan toan giai phong, de co dgi ngii can bg Luat Giao dye Viet Nam nam 2005, he thong giao eac nganh, cac cap co dii trinh dg phye vy cho sy dye qu6c dan cua nuac ta g6m co: Giao dye chinh nghiep xay dung chu nghTa xa hgi va dau tranh thong quy va giao dye thuang xuyen Cae c4p hgc va trinh nhat nuoe nha, nen giao dye each mang vuan len dao dg dao t^o cua hp thong giao due quoc dan theo quy tao ca trinh dp Dai hgc Cho den nay, sau 67 nam xay djnh ciia Luat gom: dyng va phat trien, nen giao dye each mang Vi?t Thtr nhat, giao due Mam tion Nam da het sue Ian manh: Chiing ta da co mgt nen Giao dye va dao t^o vdi day dii cac loai hinh dao tgo So 183 Ihdng 11/2012 Bg phan gom co hp thong nha tre va truong KinliUat trien W GIflO DUC BflO TfiO - KHOfi HOC CONG NGI mau giao Giao due mam non chiu trach nhipm niioi dudng, cham s6c va giao dye tre tir thang tu6i den tuoi Thii-hai, giao due thong, hgphfin gom: + Giao dye Tieu hgc Bac hgc dugc thyc hipn nam, tir lap den lop Tuoi ciia hpc sinh lap dirge quy dinh la tuoi + Giao due Trung hgc ca sa B^ic hgc dugc thyc hien nam, tir lap den lap Hgc sinh dugc tuyen vao Trung hpc eo so phai tot nghipp Tieu hoc va co tuoi la 11 luoi + Giao due Trung hgc thong Bgc hgc duge thyc hien nam, tir lap 10 den lop 12 Hgc sinh dugc tuyen vao hgc lap 10 phai c6 bang tot nghiep Trung hge co so va co tuoi la 15 tuoi thyc hien nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tdl nghiep Dai hgc; tir nam den nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang Thac sT Trong trudng hgp d$c bipt, thdi gian dao tao Ticn sT cd the dugc keo dai theo qui djnh ciia Bg Trudng Bg Giao dye va Dao tao Thi'v nam, giao due thitvng xuyen: Giao dye thu'dng xuyen giiip mgl ngudi vira lam vira hpc lien tyc, hgc sudt ddi nham hoan Ihicn nhan each, md rpng hieu bict, nang cao trinh dg hgc van, chuyen mon, nghi?p vy de lam vice, tylao vice lam va Ihieh nghi cang tot han vdi ddi sdng xa hoi Giao dye thudng xuyen dugc tien hanh theo eac chuang trinh, cy the: + Chuong trinh xoa mil chiJ va giao dye tiep lye sau bict chir + Chuang trinh giao dye dap irng yeu cau ciia Thi'rba, giao due nghe nghiep Bg phan bao ngudi hgc, cap nhat kien thirc, ky nang, chuyen giao gom: cong nghe + Trung cap chuyen nghipp Bac hgc dugc + Chuang trinh dao tao, bdi dudng va nang cao thyc hien tir den nam doi vai nguofi co bang tot trinh dp ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu nghiep Trung hge co so, va tir den nam doi vai + Chuang trinh giao due de lay cac van bang ciia nhirng nguoi co bang tot nghiep Trung hge he thong giao due quoc dan bao gom cae hinh thuc: thong Vira hgc vira lam; Hpc tir xa; Ty hgc co hudng dan + Day nghe Bac hoc duge thuc hien dudi Nen giao due each mang Viet Nam kha nam doi voi viec dao tao trinh so cap, tir den nam doi voi dao tao nghe trinh dp Trung cap, trinh non tre, song da cd nhirng dong gop v6 ciing to Idn cho sy nghiep xay dung va bao ve to quoc; Cao dang Thi'r tir, giiio due Dai hgc Bac hoc gom: + Dao tao trinh Cao dang Trinh dg dugc thuc hien tir din nam theo nganh nghe dao tao doi vai ngudi co bang tot nghiep Trung hgc thong, hoae bang tot nghiep Trung cip; tir 1,5 nam den nam d6i vai ngudi eo bang tdt nghiep Trung cap ciing nganh + Dao tao trinh Dai hpc Trinh dg dugc thyc hien tir din nam theo nganh nghl dao tao ddi vdi ngudi eo bang tdt nghipp Trung hgc thong, hoae bang tot nghiep Trung cap; tir 2,5 nam din nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tot nghipp Trung cap ciing chuyen nganh; tir 1,5 nam den nam doi vdi ngudi eo b§ng tdt nghiep Cao dang cung chuyen nganh + Dao tao trinh Thac sT Trinh dugc thuc hien tir den nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tot nghiep Dai hgc + Dao tao trinh Tien sT Trinh dugc So 185 Ihdng 11/2012 - Trong nam khang chien ehdng thyc dan Phap xam luoc, mac dii chien tranh dien het sue ac liet pham vi ca nude va nen tai chinh ciia Nha nude Viet Nam Dan ehu Cgng hoa dudng nhu khong cd gi, song Giao due Viet Nam da dat duge mpt tuu chua tirng cd lich sir nude nha la lam cho loan dan thoat khdi nan mil chu, dong thdi cung trang bi cho mpt bp phan dang ke lire lugng nien cd nhung kien thirc eo ban can thilt de phyc vu su nghiep khang chien va xay dyng dSt nude chien tranh ket thiie - Sau hiep djnh Gionevo nam 1954, dat nude bj tam thdi chia cat lam hai mien: Mien Nam tam thdi nam dudi ach thong tri eiia be lu My-Nguy; Mien Bac duge hoan toan giai phong va ticn len theo dudng Xa hgi chu nghTa Giai dogn tir nam 1954 den nam 1975, ciing mgt luc phai thuc hien hai nhiem vu chinh tri chien luge la: Xay dyng Chu nghTa xa hgi d Mien Bae va dau tranh giai phdng Mien Nam, thong nhat dat nude, cd nam, MMMm f\BO DUC eflO TfiO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGH6 tir ili.ing nrini I')61 den cuoi thang 12 n5m 1972 Mifin Bac cdn tryc tiep duang dau vdi cuge chien tranh pha ho^ii v6 cimg lAn khoc de quoc My gay bdi quyet lam ciia My liic \h: "Dua Mien Bac trd ve thdi ky da", song day cung \k giai do^in nin giao dye ciich ni^iig Vipl Nam di,it dugc nhOng llu^nh lyu rye rd nluii nude vao md irudng tgi Vi?t Nam, ho0e cac trudng ciia Vipt Nam lien ket vdi cic trudng eua nude ngoili de ciing dio I90, hay sii dyng eac giao trinh ciia Ciic nude liiin lien cd bo sung, sua doi cho phu hgp vdi dieu kipn eua Vipt Nam de giang dgy ) MOc khic Nhii nude cung mgnh d^in thyc hipn vipc xa hOi boi d6i vdi ITnh vyc gido dye vk dao tao Nen gido dye cich nmng Vivi Nam ilidi ky dd vdi phuang cham gido d\ic: Toiin dipn (ca due- ii i- ihemy) hgc di ddi vdi hAnh, nha Irudng gan lien vdi xS ligi dii d.io Uio cho dat nude mgt Idp nicn cd the lye eudng irang, cd kien ihuc chuyen monky thuol \uiig vang, dgc bipl 1:1 cd ly tudng cugc song hei sue sang The hp nien n^y da xe dgc Trudng San di cuu nude, gianh l^i dgc l^p cho dat nude, thong nhat cho non song Khi hoa binh l^p l^i hg la nhCrng ngudi linh ticn phong m$t tr^n kinh le- vSn hoi-giio dye- khoa hgc cong nghp de lam cho dat nude phat inen nhanh ehdng, sdm theo kjp cac nude tien tien khu vyc va Ihe giai Chfnh vl thi, Gidodyc vk Dao tgo ciia Vipt Nam giai dojm niy da c6 sy phit trien rat nhanh - Tir sau dat nude hoa binh , thong nhat, dac biet la tir sau thyc hien dudng Idi doi mdi (12/1986) den nay, nen giao dye Vipt Nam da cd bude phat trien mgnh mS han, loan dipn hon, hipn dai hem va hgi nhap hon Dieu the hipn rd d cho: Cac loai hinh dao tao da dang (Chinh quy, tai ehire, tir xa, bdi dudng ); cac cap dao tao day du (Mam non, Pho thong, Dgi hge, Sau dai hgc); Trinh dg dao tao cang cao (Pho thong, Trung cap, Cao dang, Dai hgc, Thac sT, Tien sT); chuong trinh, ngi dung, phuang phap dao tao cang ddi mdi (eac kiln thiie mdi, hien dgi dugc cgp nhgt cang nhieu; eac cong cy, phuong tipn, may mde thiet bj hipn dgi duge dua vao phyc vy giang day, hge tap d cac trudng cang tang); hgp tac quoc te giao dye dao tao cang dugc md rgng (cho phep cac Bdng I cho thay, 25 nam qua nen Giao dye vA Dko I90 ciia nude ta dS cd sy biln doi rat Idn Ncu lay nam hgc 2010 so vdi nam hgc 1986-1987 ehiing la thay nhu sau: + So hgc sinh Pho thong cdc cap chi tang 21,42%, rifing giai do?n tir nam hgc 2000-2001 Ird di bat dau giim dan (dieu n^y the hipn dan so nude ta da bat dau chuyen sang giai do^n gia hoa) + So lugng hgc sinh Trung cap t3ng han 530.200 em, tang 339,87% + So sinh vii-n Cao dang va Dai hgc tang them 2.035.300 em tang 1.605,12% + So giao vien Pho thong lang them 404.700 ngudi, t3ng 94,95% + So giao vien Trung cap tang them 6.800 ngudi, tang 69,17% + So giao vien Cao dang va Dai hge lang them 55.400 ngudi, tSng 288,54% Nhd dd, ty Ip lao dgng d3 qua dao tao chuyen mon, nghipp vy cua nude ta da tang len tuong doi nhanh, n3m 2000 la 10,3% long so lao dgng dg tuoi, n3m 2005 la 12,5% va nam 2010 tang len 14,6% D(ic bipt, so sinh vien Cao dSng va Dai hgc tinh tren vgn dan tang rat nhanh, nam 1987 mdi dgt 20 ngudi, nSm 1995 dgi 40 ngudi, nam 2000 dgt 90 ngudi, thi den nSin 2005 da t3ng len 160 ngudi va nam 2010 len tdi 250 ngudi B^ng 1: Thv'c trgng Ciio d\ic diio Igo Vi^t Nam giai dogn 1986-2011 i)an vj tinh: Hgc sinh, Giao vien CJli tieu HS Pho Ihonu HS Truni; cap SV CD va Bai hi)C Giao vicn Pho thong Giao vicn TrunR cap GV Cao dang-Dai hoc So ISS Ihdng 11/2012 198(1-1987 12.182.900 156.000 126.800 426.200 11.300 19.200 1995-1996 15.561.000 165.600 297.900 492.700 9.400 22.800 200S-2006 2010-2011 2000-2001 16.650.600 17.866.600 14.792.800 500.300 195.900 686.200 734.900 1.387.100 2.162.100 780.500 646.700 830.900 14.200 9.600 18.100 27.100 48.600 74.600 Nguon: Nien giam Thong ke nam 1987, 2000 va 2010 KinlitU>liattrieD GIflO DUC OflO TO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGI Cd the noi, Giao due va Dao tao da tao cho dai nude mgt nguon nhan lye cd ehdt lugng cang cao, Dieu da gdp phSii v6 cimg quan trgng lam eho kinh le -xa hgi eiia nude la phat triln nhanh va dat dugc nhirng tyu hel sire an lirgng hon 25 nam thuc hipn duivng loi ddi mdi vira qua (trong Ihdi dai iig.iy nay, nguon nhan lye chal lugng cao la yeu to hang ddu quycl djnh sy phat trien ciia kinh te- xa hgi cua tirng quoc gia) Bang cho chiing ta thay ro phan nao kei luan dd Bang eho thay, sau 23 nam gia trj long san pham eiia ca nirdc lang 4.87 Ian Trong dd, khu vuc san xuat ndng-lam-thuy sail tang 2,42 Ian; khu vyc san xuat cong nghiC-p va xay dyng lang 7,28 Ian va khu vuc djch vy tang 5,23 Ian Nhd dd, liOni lye kinh tc ciia Vipt Nam da cd sy ihay ddi hit sire can ban GDP ciia ca nude tir did chi khoang 14 ty USD vao nam 1990 da tang len 106 ty USD vao nam 2010.; GDP binh quan dau ngudi lir 200 USD vao nam 1991 da tang len 1200 USD vao nam 2010 Viet Nam tir ehd la mgt nude thicu luaiig thuc, thuc pham, thieu cae logi hang hoa Ihiot ylu phyc vy ddi song eua ngudi dan, da trd nude xuat khau gao Idn thij hai tren the gidi lien tyc nhieu nam va cung la nude xuat khau nhieu logi hang hoa vao logi Idn eiia the gidi nhu hat tieu, hat dieu, cao su, ca phe, cae san pham Ihuy-hai san, hang may mac, dd da, dd gd, dSu thd NIU nam 1990 gia tri kini ngach xuat khau cua ea nude la mdi dat 2,4 ty USD, thi den nam 2010 so dd d3 la 72,2 ty USD Bang 2: Tong san pham Iruiig iiuo'c [;i:i 1987-2010 (G a so sdnh nam 1994 don vi linlf V ildng) Nam 1987 1990 Wt\ IW2 l>)i)3 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 3002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Tonij so 113.154 131.968 139 63 J l.il 782 164 043 178 534 195.567 213.833 231.264 244 596 256 272 273 666 292 535 313 247 336.242 362 435 393.031 425.373 461344 490458 516 566 551609 Nong nuhicp 37499 42 003 42 917 4.^ ,S69 47 373 48 96S 51319 53 577 55,895 57.866 60 895 63717 65618 68.352 70.827 73.917 76 888 79 723 82.717 86.587 88.166 90.613 Cong nghiep Dich vu 31.762 43.893 33221 56.744 35 783 60.934 40 359 65 554 45 454 71216 SI 5-l( 78 026 58 550 85,698 67.016 93 240 75 474 99,895 81,761 104,966 88,047 107 330 96.913 113 036 106.986 119931 117 125 127,770 129,399 136.016 142 621 145 897 157 867 158.276 171391 174.259 192.065 186 562 203 554 200,317 214 799 213 601 231.336 229 660 Nguon: Nien gidm Thong ke nam 2000, 2010 mam non cong lap rat thieu, tre em da phiin phai giri vao cac co sd dan lap Ma cac ca sd dan lap thi ca sd vat chat- ky thuat han che, trinh dp ciia dpi ngu nudi day thap, viec nudi day cac chau vi the chat lugng rat ban che Nhirng hanh dgng bao hanh doi vdi tre d eac ca sd nuoi day ngoai cong lap ma cac Nganh Giao due va Dao tao hoan toan cd quyen ca quan thong tin dai chung phan anh thdi ty hao ve nhirng ddng gdp cua minh ddi vdi sy phat gian qua da cho chung ta thay ro phan nao dieu dd triln ciia dat nude Dgy nghe cho nien la mpt mang rat quan Tuy nhien, ben eanh nhirng tyu dang ty hao trpng ciia he thong giao due quoc dan, nhung lai dd, nhifng nam gin day nen Giao dye va Dao khong thugc sy quan ly va chi dao ciia Bg Giao due tao ciia nude ta cung da bge Id nhieu han che va ylu va Dao tao, ma thugc Bg Lao dgng- Thuoiig binh va kem, dd ed nhung han che, yeu kem kha Xa hgi, song Bg Lao dgng-Thuang binh va Xa hgi nghiem trgng, gay birc xuc du luan xa hgi tren thyc tien cung chi quan mgt bg pban nhd ma Dang chii y la nhirng van de sau day: thdi Tinh den thang 8/2008 ea nude ta ed 284 Thir nhat, he thong giao due quoc dan van chira trudng Trung cap nghe va Cao dang nghe (80 Cao ditffc xac dinh va xay divng mgt each co can cir dang va 204 Trung cap) Cac Eg, doanh nghiep Nha khoa hoc 6ng eha ta lir xua da ed cau; "day eon tir nude cd 178 trudng Cao dang va Trung cap nghe thira cdn tha'\ Bac Hd cung da tirng day: "tre em la cong lap, chiem 62,7% Cac tinh, phd cd 53 tuong lai cua ddt nude" Song he thong giao trudng Cao dang va Trung cap nghe cong lap, chiem dye qudc dan ciia chiing ta, giao dye mSm non lai 18,6%; cd 53 trucmg tu thuc, chiem 18,6% Rieng chua dugc quan tam thoa dang Hp thong cac trudng Tong eye Day nghe thugc Bg Lao dgng- Thuoiig S6 185 Ihdng 11/2012 MMliWn ?lflO DUC DflO TflO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGH6 binh va Xa hgi chi quan ly tryc tiep cd Irudng Cao dang vii trudng trung cap, Giao dye Dai hgc v i trdn Dgi hge d i m nh^ii vipe dao tgo nguon nhan lye cd trinh dg cao, phyc vy sy nghipp cong nghipp ho5, hipn dgi hoa dat nude vk hgi nhap quoc Ic, song hipn tgi van cdn qua nhieu bat egp Trir he Ihong trudng Cao d.uig ra, hipn Igi, Tai thdi diem ck nude c6 30 trudng ngoai eong Igp, vdi so lugng giao vien la 4.500 ngudi, binh qiiiin in§l trudng cd 150 g'lko vicn, dd s6 g\ko vicn cd trinh dO tr6n Dgi hgc \k 1816 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 60 ngudi So sinh vien la 103.900 ngudi, binh quan mgt irudng cd 3.463 sinh vien, chiing ta cd mo hinh to chirc dao tgo Dgi hgc v;i - Den nam 2005 ea nude ta da cd 277 Irudng Dgi sau Dai hgc la: Dai hgc Quoc gia ( I h i N g i , TP Ho hgc v;i Cao dang, nhieu han nam 2000 13 99 trudng, Chi Minh); Dgi hgc vimg (Thai Nguyen, Hue I);i binh qu3n moi nam cd xap x i 20 irudng mdi dugc Nang, Can 'I ho) Dgi hgc (Dgi hge Vinh Quy Nhon Ihiliih Igp So giao vicn cua eac trudng vao thdi diem •l;i> Bac, 1ii\' Nguyen ,); Trudng Dgi hgc (Bach n i y la 48.600 ngudi binh quan mgt Irudng cd 175 khoa Ha N g i , Nong nghipp Ha N d i Kinh le quoc giiio dan Kinh t l TP l l o Chi Minh ); Hgc vipn ( I i n vieii/lrudng) Trong dd so giko vien ed trinh dg tren ehlnh, Ngan hang Chinh iri-lhinh chinh Quoc gia dgi hge 13 23.861 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd vien (giam han nSm 2000 \k giao Ho Chi Minh ) Vipn Dgi hgc (Vipn Dgi hgc md I hi 86 ngudi (lang 15 ngudi/trudng so vdi nam 2000) Ngi Vien Dgi hgc M a him cong TP Ho Chi Minh.,.) Tong so sinh vien la 1.387.100 ngudi binh quan Ciic md hinh lo chirc ral khong rd rang Dgi hgc mgt irudng cd 5.007 sinh vien ma Igi ed dau qudc buy nhu mgt co quan hanh chinh Tgi thdi diem cd 34 trudng ngoai cong Igp, Nha nude, hay hgc vipn nhung cai thi nhu mgt tang han nam 2000 la trudng So giao vien ciia eac trudng Dai hgc thong ihudiig, cai thi tuang duang trudng ngoai cong lap la 600 ngudi, binh quan vdi mgt bg, tham chi cdn to hon ca mgt bg mgt trudng cd 194 giao vien, dd so giao vien Vien quan ly cac ca sd giao dye Dai hge cdn qua ed trinh dp tren Dai hgc la 3.903 ngudi, binh quan n h i l u dieu lam cho ngudi dan phai ban khoan mgt trudng cd tdi 141 ngudi (rat cao) So sinh vien Chiing ta b i l l , lir nam 1954 d i n nam 1975, ca mien ngoai cdng lap la 160,400 ngudi, binh quan mpt Bae chi cd khoang tren 20 trudng Dai hgc Tir nam trudng ed 4,717 sinh vien 1976 den nam 1995 dat nude hoa binh, thong - Den nam 2010, ca nude cd 414 irudng Dgi hgc nhit, ehiing ta cd them khoang 30 trudng Dai hgc va Cao d i n g , tang 137 trudng so vdi nam 2005, va nii'a, tong cgng ea nude cd khoang 50 trucmg Dgi binh quan mgt nam cd 27 trudng mdi duge hge cac loai So lugng cac trudng Cao dang ciing rat Igp So giao vien cua cac truong vao thdi diem hgn che, chu y l u thugc nganh su phgm The nhung, tir nam 1998, dac bipt la tir nam 2000 la 74.600 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng ed 180 giao vien Trong dd sd giSo \ ien ed trinh dg tren Dgi hgc d i n nay, viec lap eac trudng Dai hgc va Cao la 38.298 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 92 ngudi dSng d nude ta dien het sue o at O gt den mire cd Tong so sinh vien la 152.100 ngudi binh quan nhirng thdi d i l m cac ca quan ihdng tin dgi chiing da mgt irudng ed 5.198 sinh vien ndi: "mgt tuan ddi mgt Irudng Dai hge" Cd the Tgi thdi diem ed 80 Irudng ngoai cong lap, ndi viec lap eae trudng Dgi hgc va Cao dang ISng 46 trudng so v d i nam 2005 Sd giao vien eiia thdi gian thieu ban sy tinh toan, sy quy hogch cac trudng ngoai cdng lap 13 11.300 ngudi, binh mgt each nghiem tuc va cd ca sd khoa hgc Do dd, quan mgt Irudng cd 141 giao vien, dd sd giao giao due Dai hge cua nude la da cd sy dien bien vien ed Irinh dg tren dai hgc la 5.342 ngudi, binh khong binh thudng phat trien quan mgt trudng cd 66 ngudi (giam 26 ngudi so vdi - Nam 2000 ea nude ta ed 178 trudng Dai hgc va Cao ding, vdi sd giao vien la 32.357 ngudi, binh quan nam 2005) Sd sinh vien ngoai cdng Igp la 333.900 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 4.173 sinh vien moi trudng ed 182 giao vien, Trong dd giao vien cd N h u vgy 13 sau 10 nam, so trudng Dgi hgc va Cao trinh tren Dai hgc la 12.656 ngudi, binh quan mdi d3ng ciia nude ta tang 2,3 Ian; dd cae trudng trudng cd 71 ngudi; so lugng sinh vien la 899.500 ngoai cong Igp tang 2,6 Ian; so giao vien tang 2,3 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 5.053 sinh vien Ian, dd cac frudng ngoai cdng Igp tang 2,5 Ian; S6 185 Ihdng 11/2012 10 Kiii!i(U'[i!it(rieii GIflO DUC DflO TflO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGI' ^ so sinh vien t3ng 2,4 Ian, dd cac trudng ngoai eong lap tang 3,2 13n Cd thi ndi mgt tde dp tang trudng rat cao, hiem thay tren thi gidi Tuy nhien, cung can phai thay rang dgi ngii giang vien cua eae trudng ngoai cdng lap ehii yeu la nhirng ngudi da ve huu va giao vien ciia cae trudng cong lap kiem giang khong khac gi, ngudi ta trang bj cho sinh vien nbu'ng kiln thuc Nha trudng c6, nhu'ng vin de Nha nude quy djnh, chir khong phai nhung kiln thirc xa hgi dang can Chinh vi thi, phan Idn sinh vien sau trudng, di lam vice, cae ca sd tilp nhan diu phai thyc hipn viec dao tgo Igi, dieu gay lang phi rat Idn cho xa hgi Dieu dang quan nggi la hipn hp thong giao due ciia Viet Nam ed qu3 nhieu dau moi quan ly Hau hit cac ca sd giao dye mam non va thong, ciing nhu dai bg phan eac trudng Cao dfmg Su pham cac dja phuang quan ly Trong so 414 trudng Dgi hgc va Cao dang thi cd 198 trudng cdng Igp cac Bg, Nganh dTrung uong quan ly, chiem 48%, 137 trudng cdng Igp cac Tinh, Thanh tryc tiep quan ly ehilm 33,3% Bg Giao dye va Dao lao chi tryc tiep quan ly kho3ng 80 trudng, chiem khoang xap \i 19% Phan dao tgo nghe Bg Lao dpngThucmg binh va Xa hgi dam nhan, song thyc te Tdng eye Dgy nghe ciia Bg ciing chi tryc tiep quan ly cd trudng Cao dang nghe va trudng Trung c5p nghe so gan 200 Irudng eiia he thong Vdi co che quan ly nhu vgy, ehiing ta khong cd gi ngac nhien ed qua nhieu dieu bat cap xay giao due da dugc ndi nhieu song khong ed the khac phuc dugc Ciing phiii ndi them rang, mgt so kien thirc chiing la trang bi cho hgc sinh v3 sinh vien kha xa la vdi Ihc gidi ben ngoai Do dd, cac em khong khdi ngd ngang cd dicu kipn hgi nhap vdi khu vyc va the gidi, Cdn ve phuang phap giang dgy, eho den dudng nhu d tat ca eae bae hgc, cap hgc eiia ta ve ea ban van la thay ndi, trd ghi, hoc cliay la chinh riiii' l>:i, chat lirg'ng dao lao thap kem, dao due ciia ca thay va trd deu bj xuong cap nghiem Day la dieu ca xa hgi chung ta deu thay va thira nhan, Sy thap kem dien d mgi cap hpc, tu Mau giao-Mam non, Phd thong cho den Dai hoc va sau Dai hpc Sy thap kem ve chat lugng Giao due- Dao tgo may nam gan day cae phutmg lien thong tin dai ehiing da de cap qua nhieu, tdi xin khdng nhac Igi Cdn xudng cap ve mat dao due, loi song ciia ea thay Ian trd, cang cang trd nen bao dgng, Dudng nhu eae te ngn xa hoi ma cae phuang tien thong tin dai chiing neu len hang luan, khong nhieu thi it deu ed dinh dang den ITnh vuc Giao due va Dao tao Thii hai, chirong trinh, noi dung dao tao qua nang ne, chua g3n nhieu vdi thyc tien cugc song, chua that hgi nhap vdi qudc te, phucnig phap dao tgo cdn lac hau Day la dieu dugc du luan xa hgi de cap den tir nhieu nam nay, song dudng nhu xa hgi cang quan tam thi van de lai cang trd nen tram trgng hon, bat cap hem, cy the: - CJ bae hge phd thong, ehuang trinh, ngi dung giao dye qua 6m ddm, cai gi ciing muon nhoi nhef eho eon tre: N3o khoa hgc ty nhien, khoa hgc xa hgi; nao tin hgc va ngoai ngif; nao giao dye cdng dan, giao dye the chat, giao dye quoc phdng va bao ve mdi trudng, rdi thi hgc tap va 13m theo tam guang dgo dire Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh cd thi ndi la khong thilu mgt thur gi Chinh vi thi tre em gan nhu sudt phai hgc, khong cdn thdi gian de vui choi, giai tri nUa Ai ciing phai lac dau nhin thay nhti-ng hgc sinh Idp mgt cdng tren vai ehiec cap to, nang gSn bSng trgng lugng ciia minh moi di hgc - CJ bac Dgi hgc, chuang trinh giang dgy cung Sd 185 Ihdng 11/2012 11 Co rat nhieu nguyen nhan dan den nhti-ng ban che da neu d tren eiia nganh Giao due, khuon kho bai viet n3y, lac gia chi xin neu vai nguyen nhan ma tac gia eho la quan trpng nhat - Thir nhat, toi cho rang chiing ta thieu mot chien luge, mgt quy hoach Giao due- Dao tgo thyc sy ed CO sd khoa hgc, vi the mye lieu can dat eiia Giao dye Dao tao rat khdng ro rang, chung chung, kbo thyc hipn Myc lieu dao tao eon ngudi Viet Nam cd ly tudng cupe song cao dep, ly tudng xa hgi ehii nghTa 13 diln hinh Chii ngliTa xa hgi diing la rSt cao dep, song edn xa vdi Hien tgi chiing ta eung mdi dam de cgp den dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghia ma thdi- dinh hudng xa hgi chii ngliTa la the nao van cdn tranh luan chua nga ngu, the ma day lam cho nien cd ly tudng xa hgi ehii nghTa la dieu khong dl ?lflO DUC fiflO TflO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGHE Irong dd cugc song d;niy can llil hp tre phiii kinh Irgiig dng bii, eha mp idn irgiig ihay cd, Idn trgng Uial phap thi ehiing la Igi eoi iihp, - Thir hai chiing la chua nlign llu'rc diing vai lid vi tri eiia Giao dye \ii Diio Igo ddi vdi sy pluit Irieii ciia dai nuoe irong thdi dgi nun, Tuy Nghj quycl thi ndi Giao dye vii O.in igo la quoc siieli luing tlau, song Ihyc le cu^e song Ihi ho.in loiui ngugc Igi- Giao dye va D3o Igo 13 ITnh vyc \eii iliO nhai Dicu the hipn rd tinng chinh siieh dau lir cho Giao due d.k bipt la cho vipc x.iy dyng ea sd vgt chat- k\ tliugt ciia nganh \a Irong eliinli sach sir dyng- d;ii ngg doi \di d^M ngii lliii>' cd gian, Vipc nhii^ng nam gan d;i_\ hge sinh gidi khdng Ihi \ao cac trudng Cao dang \i\ Dai hgc Su phgm da phan nao cho chiing la tlifi\ rii dicu dd, - Thur ba, duang nhien cimg cd Idi ral Idn ciia nganh Giao dye, nhat la irong Mpe sir dyng cac nguon dau lu ciia nha nude, vipe phat trien dgi ngii nha giao va \ii;c diu mdi chuang trinh, ngi dung, phucnig phap giang day Mpt so kien nghj nham dui niiii can ban \ii loan dien nen Giao duc-Diio lao nu'6'c nha Su phat trien eua dai nude nhung nam tdi ddi hdi ehiing ta phai cd mot nen Giao dye-Dao lao thuc sy manh, ed du kha nang dao lao cho dat nude mgt ngudn nhan lye cd trinh dg cao, dap irng dugc nhirng yeu cau khat khe eiia su nghipp cdng nghipp hoa, hien dgi hoa dat nude va hgi nhap qudc tc De 13m dugc dieu nay, chiing ta khong edn eon dudng nao khac la phai thyc hipn ddi mdi mgt each can ban va toan dien nen Giao dye \a Dao lao nude nha Doi mdi can ban va toan dien ciin duge hieu hi doi mdi tir iriel ly giao dye cho den ehuong trinh, ngi dung va phuang pli3p giao due; doi mdi d tat ca cae bge hgc va cap hgc, dot nidi tir nhgn thirc, eho den chinh sach va Id chuc ihyc hicn; ddi mdi tir cac ca quan quan ly den cac nha trudng; v3 ddi mdi d ngudi ihiiy Ian ngudi hgc, Cd rat nhieu vipc phai lam de ddi mdi can ban v3 loan dien nen Giao duc-D3o tao nude nha, pham vi bai nay, tdi xin de nghj mgt so diem sau day: - Thu nhat; toi de nghj can khan truang id chirc lai he thong Giao due- Dao tao va bg may quan ly Giao due va Dao tao Hudng chung la, eiin eoi trgng So 185 Ihdng 11/2012 giiio dye Mam non, dua diio tgo nghl trd Igi bg Giao dye va Dao tgo; chan chinh Igi hp thong giao dye Dai hgc (\ac djnh rd cac khiii nipm: Trudng Dgi ligc, Dgi line, Dai hgc viing, Dai hgc quoc gia, Hgc vipn v3 Vipn Dgi hgc) Vipc to chirc Igi hp thong giao dye quoc dan phai dya iiOn nhung chuan myc ticn lien ciia Ihe gidi va xu hudng phal trien eiia Ihdi &.n Bg may qiiiin ly fiiao dyc-Dao tgo cung phai dirge to chuc lai Ihco hudng lap trung thong nhat v3o mgl dau moi (vc quan ly nli3 nude) va phan cap cao cho eac ca sd d3o lao - Thir hai c*in dicu chinh lai miic iicii Giao dycDao Igo cho silt vdi ddi hdi pliiit Iricn cua dat nude, \(Vi liiii nhgp quoc le va vdi xu hudng phat trien ciia thai (lai Mye Ucu theo tdi la: Giao dye va Dao lao cho d.il lurdc mgl Idp nigirdi cd sue khoe, co kien ihire (ke c3 ngogi ngu v3 each song), cd trach nhipm vdi ban llian, gia dinh, cgng ddng \a xa hgi la dii nhung gi qua cao xa, khd hieu khd thyc hipn khdng nc'n dat - Thir ba, vipc ddi mdi can ban va toim dien nen Giao dye va D;io tao nude nha duong nhien la phai cd sy tham gia ciia toan xa hgi song Itrc lugng chinh van la nhirng ngudi tam cdng lac giao dye (ca cac Ihay cd giao, nhung ngirdi quan i\' \k nhirng ngudi phyc vy ngiinh giao dye) ru> nhien, tdi cho rang neu de vj the va cugc song ciia dgi ngu lam cdng i;ic Giao dye va D3o tgo nhu hien thi kho CO the thyc hien dugc \ icc ddi mdi Xua kia, eha dng ta cho rang Irong xa hgi ngoai \'ua, chiia thi nhat sT nhi ndng; cdn ng;i\ nay, eae Ihay, cd giao khong biet \cp vao dau, edn euge sdng thi duge \ep v3o ligng nliiriig ngudi ban h3n nhat Irong xa hgi (chua ban den cliujpn lieu cue) Rat nhieu ngudi xem canh sdng \a lam \ ice ciia cae thay, ed giao d cac trudng tieu hgc \ iiiig mii cao phia Bac Dai Tru; en hinh \'iCi Nam phat gan day d3 phai thdt len: "tligt khdng hieu dugc" Chinh \i the, toi cho rang giai phap dgt pha de ed the ddi mdi cdng mgt each can ban va loan dipn nen Giao dyc-Dao tgo nude nha la phai thay ddi Igi nhan thirc ve nghe nha giao, thay ddi Igi each dao tao, tuyen dung va dai ngg doi vdi nhii'ng ngudi lam viec d day Trong nen kinh tl thj trudng, mgt chiing ta khdng co nhgn Ihirc dung ve vai trd va vi tri ciia Giao due v3 Dao tgo, khdng cd nhirng dai ngg thoa dang'ddi vdi 12 Miihlfvl'liattrien GIflO DUC OflO TflO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGI nhfrng ngudi hogt dgng ITnh vyc nay, thi duang nhien mat trai eiia ca chi thi trudng se Chen vao Mil mat trai eiia co chi thj trudng da dirng ehan duge Irong nganh Giao dye va Dao lao thi viee eiru chua 13 vd cimg khd khan Thyc tien phat trien Giao dye va D3o tao eiia nude la nhting nam gan day da cho th^y tac ddng ciia nhiTiig mgl tieu eye doi vdi ngiinh Idn den mire nao, \a khd thao gd den mire nao Irirdug trung hge co sd dgt 19,7%, va eac trudng' Trung hge thong mdi dai 10,3% Cdn cac trudng Dgi hgc thi dudng nhu eho din gid phut chua cd mgl trudng nao cd co sd vgt eh5t- ky iluigt ngang tam vdi eae trudng tuong doi Idn eiia cac nude khu virc, ehu chua ndi den cac trudng noi tieng tren the gidi, Vi the, de cd the ddi mdi ciin ban vii toan dien n^-ii Giao dye \ a Dao tgo eiia nirdc nlia, toi cho riing phai Thii tu, phai kien qu\et igp trung no lye eiia thay doi Igi each dau lu eiia Nha nude Ngan sach loan nganh vao vipc ddi mdi ehuang trinh, ngi dung Nha nude la thuc cua ngirdi dan ddng gdp Thuc chii va phuong phap giang dgy ddi vdi mgi bge hoc cap >0u la diing de nudi bg ma\ quan ly Nha nirdc va l6 hgc theo huong Ihiet ibye, hipn dgi \;i hgi nhap .i v • ^' i _>r^.t cd nghTa , 13 , ngoai nhung kiln thirc ^ lao^^ra chuc eae d|ch vu cong cgng cho ngudi dan, dd Dieu quan trgng nhat la Giao dye v3 Y tl Da den hie Nha ban siic va cot each ciia ngudi Vipt Nam can nude phai giiim viec laj ticn Ngan sach de dAu tu phai d;i.\ eho thi he tre nhu: Ljch sir Vipt Nam, Dia cho cae hogt dgng san xuat- kinh doanh (viec dl ly \'iet Nam Van hgc \;i van hoa Vipt Nam, Dao eho ngudi dan thugc mgi phSn kinh tl dam dire ciia ngudi Viet Nam \ e mat khoa hge, cae nhan la chinh) Nha nude phai tang mgnh ngudn dau nude phat trien nhat khu \yc va the gidi dgy tu tir Ngan sach cho Giao due- bao dam eho cai gi, ta cung nen da\ cai dd dirng lu laeh minh khdi cgng ddng qudc tc, khdi xu hudng phat trien mgl thdi gian ngan nen Giao due nude nha co chung ciia thdi dai Dieu quan trgng la dung biln he duge mgt co sd vat chat- ky thual ngang tam vdi cac thong nha irudng noi ndi ddi the he tre Hau nude phat trien Irong kbu vuc (duang nhien la cd qua ciia viec na\ la vd ciing to Idn, vi the he tre huy dgng su dong gop ciia ngirdi dan nua, song Nha da mat Idng tin ddi vdi he thong nha trudng thi eung nude phai dong vai trd chinh ddng nghTa vdi ddng lye phat trien ciia dat nude bj Tai nhien, dau tu cho Giao dye, phai co su danh mat Dieu gi se xay irudng hgp uu tien dgc biet cho khu vyc mien niii va dong bao chiing ta deu cd the dy doan duge cac dan tde thieu sd Giao dye d viing nay, quan - Thir nam, muon cd mgt nen Giao due \a Dao tao diem cua tdi la Nha nude phai dau tu, vi ddng bao tdt, phai cd sy d3u tu tdt Trong Giao dye Phd Ihdng, thieu sd khdng nhieu va Igi rat nghco, dat ehimg ta da de phai xay dyng cae trudng dat nude ta ed dii tiem luc de lam vice chuan quoc gia (duang nhien so vdi eae nude phat trien, cae lieu chi dgt chuan ciia chiing la ciing cdn kha khiem ton), Mae dii vgy, nam hgc 2010-2011 eae trudng Mam non ciia nude ta ciing mdi cd 19% dgt chuan, cac trudng Tieu hge mdi dgt 36,4%, cac Tai lieu tham khao: Tom Igi, ddi mdi can ban va toan dien Giao due v3 Dao tgo la doi hdi buc xiic hien \ a chiing ta hoan loan cd thi lam dugc Van dl la phai ed quy It lam \a phai ed sy dau tu thoa dang \c mgi phuang dien ihi chac chan se I3ni dirge.• Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Viiii kipn Dgi hpi ISn Ihii VII, VIII, iX, X, XI- Nha xu3t ban Chinh tri Qu6c gia Pham Minh Hac Mot so van de gido due va khoa hoc Gido due NXB Giao duc-HN 1986, Vij Ngpc Hai Nhan dipn thach thirc, ca hpi va yeu cau doi vdi Giao due Viet Nam b6i canh toan cSii hoa Ky yeu hpi thao quoc gia, HN 2008 Dang Ba Lam Xay dung cdc quan diem chi dao sy phdt trien Gido due, dao tao chien luge Giao due, dao tao Viet Nam De tai B 96-52-TD 01 Nien giam Thing ke nSm 1987, 1995, 2000, 2010 Tran Qu6c Toan Phdt trien Gido dye Viet Nam nen kinh te thi trudng va trudc nhu cau hpi nhap qu6c tl, Dl tai dpc lap cap Nha nude: DTDL.2007G/53 S6 185 Ihdng 11/2012 13 Kiatiiy*lalirien ... sau dat nude hoa binh , thong nhat, dac biet la tir sau thyc hien dudng Idi doi mdi (12/1986) den nay, nen giao dye Vipt Nam da cd bude phat trien mgnh mS han, loan dipn hon, hipn dai hem va hgi... tyu hel sire an lirgng hon 25 nam thuc hipn duivng loi ddi mdi vira qua (trong Ihdi dai iig.iy nay, nguon nhan lye chal lugng cao la yeu to hang ddu quycl djnh sy phat trien ciia kinh te- xa... ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng ed 180 giao vien Trong dd sd giSo \ ien ed trinh dg tren Dgi hgc d i n nay, viec lap eac trudng Dai hgc va Cao la 38.298 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 92 ngudi dSng d