JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 2, pp 63 74 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn BOI DUONG NANG LUC VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP THUC NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC VA[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 2, pp 63-74 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn BOI DUONG NANG LUC VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP THUC NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC VAT LI QUA VIEC TO CHlJC DAY HOC THEO GOC - MOT HIEU QUA KEP TRONG QUA TRINH DAO TAO SINH VIEN Phung Viet Hai\ Do HUdng Tra^Khoa KHTN vd CN Trudng Dai hpc Tdy Nguyen ^Khoa Vdl li, Trudng Dai hpc Supham Hd Ndi Tom tat Phuong phap thuc nghiem (PPTN) la mpt phUdng phap rat quan trpng va dUdc sfl dung phd bien day hpc vat If d trudng phd thong De van dung dUdc nd mpt each hieu qua, doi hdi cac sinh vien sU pham vat If can hinh dUdc nang lUc van dung PPTN cho ban than irong qua trinh hoc lap d trudng dai hoc Bai bao trinh bay kit qua nghien cflu viec sfl dung phUdng phap day hoc theo gdc de boi dUdng nang lUc van dung PPTN cho sinh vien sU pham vat li qua viec td chflc day hpc npi dung kien thflc "dinh lual Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat li 10 nang cao, thupc hpc phan PhUdng phap day hoc vat If Cac kit qua ihUc nghiem sU pham thu dUdc khang dinh: thong qua id chflc day hoc theo gdc da nang cao dUdc nang life van dung PPTN ciia sinh vien sfl pham vat li, dong thdi sinh vien cflng liep thu dflpc chinh phUdng phap day hoc theo goc - mot ciich liep can hicu qua qua lilnh dao tao Tit khda: Day hpc Iheo gdc, phUdng phap thifc nghiem, bdi dudng Md dau Cae kien thflc vat li d bac phd thdng ehu yeu dUdc xay dung b3ng dUdng thUc nghiem dd phfldng phap thfle nghiem (PPTN) cd vai trd quan trpng qua trinh xay dflng kidn Ihflc cua hpc sinh Tuy nhien, thflc te day hpc hien cho thSy rang, PPTN vin chfla dfldc cac giao vien (GV) vat Ii van dung mpt each phd bien hoac van dung chfla dung quy trinh, liim han chi viec bdi dfldng nang Iflc giai quyet viin de, nang Ifle tfl sang tao cua hpc sinh (HS) qua trinh day hpc De cd the van dung mdt each cd hieu qua, ngifdi GV vat If cSn phai cd nang Ifle id chflc biii hpc theo PPTN Di£u dd ddi hdi qua trinh hoc tap cac hpc phan phfldng phap day hpc bp mon, sinh vien khdng chi ndm vflng hieu sau PPTN ve mat li thuyel mii cdn phai dfldc quan sat, thuc hanh va trai nghiem mot each thau dao Mj:;i> nhan bai: 09/08/2013 Ngay nhan ding; iK/OI/2014 Lien he: Phimg Vict Hai e-mail; vielhai8090@gmail.com 63 Phung Viet Hai, Do HUdng Tra Vdifludiem ndi bat la ludn xem xet van di dfldi nhieu khia canh khac nhau, tao sU da dang each thflc thfle hien nhiem vu, dap flng sfl ca the hda boat dpng hoc tap, gdp phan hpe sau, day hpc theo gdc (DHTG) se la giai phap hieu qua cho viec bdi dfldng nang Iflc van dung PPTN day hoc vat li ciia sinh vien 2.1 Noi dung nghien cu'u Cac giai doan cua phudng phap thirc nghiem day hoc vat h' Theo [4J mdt bai hpc vat If theo PPTN gdm cac giai doan sau: Di xuSl van de nghien cflu Xay dUng gia thuyk (dfl doan) Rut rahequa Di xuat va thflc hien phfldng an thi nghiem kie'm tra Ong dung kidn thflc Trong qua trinh tren, cac giai doan 1, va ddi hdi sfl sang tao cua hpc sinh, do GV cd the bdi dfldng va phat trien nang Iflc tfl sang tao cho HS qua trinh day hpc 2.1.1 Thirc trang viec van dung PPTN day hoc mon vat li - trudng supham: PPTN chu ySu dfldc gidi thieu mpl each tong qual tren phfldng dien li Ihuyet Irong hpc phSn Li luan day hpc vat li hoac Td chflc cac hoat dpng nhan thflc day hpc vat li [6] Tren phfldng dien thflc hanh, SV dfldc van dung phfldng phap tren hpc ph3n Ren luyen nghiep vu sfl pham Tuy nhien, no thfldng ap dung cho mdt bai hpe cu the va chi dfldc GV nhan xet, diSu chinh SV da thfle hien xong bai day Do dd, sfl di^u chinh chfla mang tinh kip thdi, gay tac ddng khdng nho din viec hinh kl nang van dung PPTN mpt each chac chan d mdi sinh vien - trudng thdng: Viec thieu cac Ihi nghiem phuc vu day hoc, k! nang thi nghiem cdn ban che, lam li "ngaf lam Ihi nghiem cua mpt sd giao vien lam chd tinh Irang "day chay - hpc chay" trcng cac tiet hpc vat Ii vln cdn kha phd bien Ben canh dd, viec day hpc qua "phu thupc" vao sach giao khoa da lam cho viec sfl dung thi nghiem ddi chi ddn gian la trinh dien thi nghiem ma chfla the van dung mpt each day du nhat cac giai doan cua PPTN va cae tac dung cua nd ddi vdi HS 2.1.2 De xuat giai phap boi diTdng PPTN cho sinh vien day hoc vat li De cd the hinh Ihanh cho SV sfl pham vai If kT nang van dung PPTN mpt each b^n vflng, ddi hdi ngoai viec dfldc trang bj ve mat li thuyet eua PPTN, SV phai dfldc quan sat, iip dung va thflc hanh trai nghiem Cu the la: - SV thigt ke ke hcach bai hoc cu the ap dung PPTN - SV phiin tich, danh gia mot ke hoach bai hpc cho trfldc ap dung PPTN - SV day mdl bai hpc ap dung PPTN - SV quan sal mpl tiet hpc vat If ap dung PPTN ciia mpl giao vien 64 Bdi dudng ndng luc van dung phuong phdp ihuc nghiem irong day hpc Vdl U O cudi mdi hoat dpng dd, GV can gdp y va dieu chinh cho SV de cd the kiem soat dfldc tinh lam ehu dan dan ki nang van dung PPTN cua SV, 2.1.3 Day hoc theo gdc va viec boi dfldng PPTN cho sinh vien day hoc vat li - Khdi niem vi day hpc theo goc Day hpe theo gdc (Working with areas) la mdl phfldng phap day hpc theo dd hpe sinh thflc hien cac nhiem vu khae tai cac vi tri eu the khdng gian Idp hpe nhflng cung hfldng tdi chiem linh mpl npi dung hpc tap theo cac phong each hpe khac [1] Nhfl vay, quan trpng nhat td chflc DHTG ddi vdi eae GV la lfla chpn dfldc cac npi dung day hpc phfl hdp va xay dflng dfldc cac nhiem vu (cac gdc hpc tap) phai dam bao tfldng ddi ddc lap nhau, phai da dang de cflng hfldng tdi giai quyet mdt nhiem vu hpe tap chung- Cac giai doan day hpc theo goc Tiin trinh day hpc theo gdc cd the thfle hien qua cac giai doan: G i a i i l o a n 1: C h o n n o i d u n g d a y hoc, so goc, ten gdc Giai doan 2: Thiet ke ke hoiich bai hoe I liici kc- c nhicm \ u Xac dinh mui lien bai hoc M u c In Ciin d a i , ihiOl h j d o diing can tliici C:ic i i l i i c m vu cu Ihe hii h lliLTi; l:i \ ICC Kclciuin; irinh l i i v kC-cqu ihiTi giiin dure hicn Chuan bi triroc g i o day(bo in cac goc pbmrng l i e n / I ' h i c l k c phicii hirmig dan ( i r o giiipjcho moi goc (neu can) So dti bo khong [in lop Giao nbicni \ 11 hoc lap chia iiiiom To cliirc cac hoal dong DM ihcoCioc hici kc liOn Irinh day hoc cu Ihe "10 chuc cac hoal dijni; D H cieli ihirc luan cliu\cii IVicliuc lioai doim trinh ba\ danh gia kcl (|iia 16 chuc i r i n h bay danh gia kcl qua cung CO Hinh I Sa cdc giai doan td chiic DHTG [1] - Vdn dung day hoc theo gdc de boi dudng PPTN eho sinh vien sU pham vdt li Tfl y tfldng tren, qua trinh bdi dfldng phfldng phap thflc nghiem cho sinh vien sfl )ham vat li thdng qua td chflc day hpc theo gdc dfldc the hien qua kien thflc "Dinh luat Phung Viet Hai Do HUdng Tra Boyle - Mariotte" - bai 45, Vat li Idp 10 nang cao Cac npi dung chinh cac giai doan: -I- Giai doan I: Chpn npi dung day hpc, sd gdc, ten gdc Sd gdc: 04, gdm gdc 1: Phan tich, gdc 2: Ap dung, gdc 3: Trai nghiem, gdc 4: Quan sat + Giai doan 2: Thiet k l ke hoach bai hpe * Thiet ke nhiem vu mdi gdc Ten goc Gdc 1: Phan tich Nhiem vu - Nghien cflu mpl giao an (GA) (ke hoach bai day) bai dinh luat Boyle Mariotte - Vat li 10 NC cho san; - Thao luan, nhan xet, ehinh sfla cho phii hdp vdi yeu eau mpt GA day hpc theo PPTN Thiet bi, dung - 01 giao an cho trfldc bai "Dinh lual Boyle 45 Mariotte" - Vat Ii 10 NC - Phigu hoc tap, giSy AO, but viel bang, de dinh cd nam cham tfl; - SGK Vat Ii 10 NC, sach giao vien; giao Irinh li Iuan day hpc vat Ii Nhdm soan mdl GA bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle Mariotte" theo phfldng phap thflc nghiem (dfla tren cac giao an moi ca nhan da chuan bi trfldc) - Phigu hoc tap, may vi tinh - SGK Vat Ii 10 NC sach giao vien; giao Irinh li luan day hoc vat li Day muc 1,2, bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle Mariotte" Valli 10 NC theo PPTN - Bp Ihl nghiem Dinh lual Boyle - Mariotte, - SGK Vat li 10 NC, sach giao vien; - Giao an bai 45 "Dinh lual Boyle - Mariolle" ciia mdi ca nhan Quan sat mdt doan bang day hoc mAu trich doan biii 45 "Dinh luat Boyle Mariotte" theo PPTN, lfl dd nhan xel, danh gia vi trich doan, ddng thdi dieu chinh giiio an da soan cho phu hdp - Video day bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat Ii lONC (thuoc chfldng trinh tap huan giao vien THPT nain 2007 cua bp GD va DT), Tivi + dau may chieu Video hoac may vi tinh - Phieu hpe tap; giay AO, but viet bang, de dinb ed nam cham lfl; Bdt dudng ndng life vdn dung phuong phdp thuc nghiem irong day hpc Vdi li * Phieu hpc tap tuang itng cho moi gdc Nhom: PHIEU HOC TAP Goc - Goc Phan tich (30 phiit) a Muc tieu: Nghien cflu mot GA bai dinh lual Boyle - Mariotte - Vat li 10 NC cho s^n, tfl dd ihiio Iuan, nhan xet, chinh sfla cho phu hdp vdi yeu eau mot giao an theo PPTN b Hinh thiic ldm viec: cd nhdn, nhdm c Nhiem vu ciia sinh vien: - Tren cd sd ca nhan nghien cflu SGK, SGV Vat li ldp 10 NC bai 45 - Dmh lual Boyle Mariolle de xac dinh muc tieu, npi dung can day - On lap II luan ve day hpc mot dinh luat theo PPTN lfl giao trinh - Nghien cflu GA dfldc cung cap, ddi chieu vdi li luan (va GA eiia ea nhan da chuan bi trudc), tfl dd nhan xel ve GA cho san viec ap dung PPTN ve cac tieu chi (tinh day du cua cae giai doan; mflc dp ap dung mdi giai doan; mflc dd tham gia cua HS cac hoat ddng; mue lieu bai hpe; phan chia hoat ddng va thdi gian tfldng flng) - De xuat nhflng bd sung eho GA d Sdn phdin vd trinh bay: - Cac y ki6n nhan xel ve GA cho san vii nht'fng di xual bd sung - Trinh bay k^l quii trfldc Idp Nhdm: a Muc PHIEU HOC TAP Gdc - Goc Ap dung (30 phiit) lieu: Soan mpl GA bid 45 "Djnh lual Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat li 10 NC theo phfldng phap thflc nghiem b Hinh thu'c Idm viec: cti nhan nhdm; Ki thuat day hpc: Khan phu ban c Nhiem vu: - Ca nhan nghien cflu SGK SGV Vat li ldp 10 NC biu 45 - Dinh luat Boyle - Mariotte de xiic djnh muc tieu, npi dung can day - On tap li iuan ve day hpc mpl djnh luat theo PPTN lfl giao trinh - Lam viec nhdm de soan ihao GA bin ""Djnh lual Boyle - Mariotte" theo PPTN vdi cac tieu chi: + Muc tieu (ki^n thflc KN, thai dp) + Chuan bi (ciia GV va HS) + Phan chia cac hoal dong vii hinh thflc, thdi gian td chflc tifdng flng + PPTN vii mflc dp van dung, + Tifin trinh day hpe cu ihe (/ Sdn phdni vd irinh hdy: GA bill hoc cua nhdm Trinh biiy dfldc cac ket qua dd trUdc Idp 67 Phiing Viet Hai, Do HUdng Tra Nhom: PHIEU HOC TAP Gdc - Goc trai nghiem (30 phut) a Muc tieu: Day mue 1,2, bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat Ii 10 NC theo PPTN b Hinh thdc ldm viec: cd nhdn, nhdm; c Nhiem vu cua sinh vien: - Can cfl vao GA da soan thao cua ca nhan, nhom cfl mpt dai dien thflc hanh day hpc muc 1, bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat If Idp 10 NC - Cae SV khac nhdm ddng vai trd hpe sinh va dong vai tro ngfldi dfl gid de ddi bai hpe, ghi chep qua trinh td chflc day hpc vi: (npi dung, phfldng phap, mflc dp van dung PPTN, sfl dung phfldng tien (thi nghiem), td chflc cac boat ddng chu ylu cua GV va HS, sfl dung cau hdi, quan Ii thdi gian ) - Thao luan va nhan xet gid day trich doan bai hpc - Ca nhan ddi chieu, ehinh sfla GA cho phfl hpp d Sdn pham vd trinh bay: - Nhan xet, gdp y cua eae vien nhdm - GA trich doan cua nhdm da dilu chinh - Trinh bay dfldc eac kit qua trfldc ldp (nlu la gdc d vdng cudi) Nhdm: PHIEU HOC TAP Gdc - Goc quan sat (30 phiit) a Muc tieu: Quan sat mpt doan bang day hpe mau trich doan bai 45 "Dinh luat Boyle - Mariotte" theo PPTN, tfl dd nhan xel ve trich doan, ddng thbi dieu chinh giao an ca nhan da soan cho phu hdp b Hinh thiic Idm viec: ca nhan, nhdm Ki thuat day hpc: Khan phu ban c Nhiem vu cua sinh vien: - SV quan sat mpt trich doan day hpe bai 45 "Dinh lual Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat Ii 10 NC theo PPTN dfldc GV cung cap qua may tinh - Ca nhan ghi chep qua trinh td chflc day hpc, tfl dd nhan xet theo cac tieu chi (ndi dung, phfldng phap, mflc dp van dung PPTN, sfl dung phfldng tien (thi nghiem), td chflc cac boat ddng cbu ylu cua GV va HS, sfl dung eau hdi, quan Ii thdi gian , kit qua hpc tap cua HS) Mdi ca nhan ghi vao mep xung quanh giay AO - Thao luan nhdm de nhan xet gid day, ghi ket qua chung vao phan gifla td giay - Ca nhan chinh sfla GA eua minh (hoac nhdm minh) cho phu hdp d Sdn phdh vd trinh bay: - Ban nhan xet kit qua quan sat trich doan bai hpc eua nhdm Nhflng dilu ehinh va GA cua mdi ea nhan (hoae nhdm) so vdi GA da soan ban dau Bdi dudng ndng lUc van dung phuong phdp thuc nghiem day hpc Vdt U 2.1.4 Thuc nghiem sU pham va danh gia kit qua - 77ic;i gian, doi tupng dia diim Thflc nghiem sfl pham dfldc tien hanh tren sinh vien sfl pham vat li nam thfl thupe hpc phan Phfldng phap day hpc vat li thdng, trfldng dai hpc Tay Nguyen Thdi Ifldng va thdi diem tien hanh: Gid hpc thflc nghiem dfldc tien hanh thdi gian 150 phut (3 tilt hpe) vao thang nam 2012 - Cdch thitc tien hdnh Ldp thfle nghiem (TN) bao gdm 32 SV, chia nhdm tfldng flng vdi gdc hpc tap Ldp TN dfldc td ehfle hpc bang phfldng phap day hoc theo gdc Ldp ddi chflng (DC) gdm 32 SV; ldp DC dflpc id chflc hpc theo phfldng phap thong thfldng (Soan giao an va day trfldc ldp, thao luan nhan xet) Cae SV hai nhdm dfldc chpn mdt each ngau nhien va trinh dp tfldng dfldng (thdng qua bang diem kit qua nam thfl 3) Ca ldp dlu ngfldi nghien cflu trflc tilp giang day Cac gid hpc dlu dfldc quan sat va ghi hinh Kit qua ve su hinh kT nang van dung PPTN cua SV hai Idp dfldc danh gia thdng qua Bang danh gia KT nang thilt kl bai hpe (bang I) va Bang danh gia KT nang id chflc day hpc (bang 2) Tilp dd, lien hanh thu thap eac thdng tin phan hdi cua ldp TN ve cac npi dung lien quan din cac hoat ddng ma hp vfla dfldc trai nghiem (phfldng phap DHTG) thong qua bang hdi de bfldc dau danh gia tae dung kep eua tae ddng sfl pham (bang 3) - Ket qua thu'c nghiem vd ddnh gid Viee danh gia hieu qua eua lac dpng den cac nhdm dfldc tiln banh cu the nhfl sau: KT nang thill ke bai hpc dfldc danh gia tren san pham la ban ke hoach mpt bai hpe cu the van dung PPTN ma cac nhdm sinh vien soan thao nop vad cudi hpc phdn Ki nang id ehfle day hpc dfldc danh gia tren bai day cua dai dien mdi nhdm (vdi ldp TN) vii dai dien tdt nhat cua Idp DC Kit qua TNSP eua hai ldp dfldc the hien cu the: Bdng Diem ddnh gid kJ ndng thiet ke bdi hpc dp dung PPTN (N: Nhom) Diem danh gia Diem Ldp thirc nghiem Ldp doi chu'ng Tieu chl danh gia toi da Nl N2 N3 N4 Nl' N2' N3' N4' 2,6 2,8 2,5 2,5 2.7 3,0 2,5 2,4 Tieu chf Muc tieu Ticu chi 2, Chuan bi phifdng lien 2,6 2.3 2,8 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,4 gom: Thi nghiem, phieu hoc 2.8 2,8 3.0 2,6 2,4 2,2 1,5 Tieu chi 3, Van dung PPTN Ticu chi Mile van dung PPTN 4,6 6.9 7,8 6.6 4,5 3,5 d tirng giai doan Tieu chi Phan b6 Ihcii gian danh 2,5 2.6 2,9 2.5 2,5 2,0 2.3 2,2 giii Cling CO 20 16,4 17,3 19,i 16,4 13,8 13,1 14,U 13,2 TB long cong (TB Tong) 69 Phiing Viet Hai Do Huong Tra Bdng Diem ddnh gia kl ndng tdchdc bdi hpc dp dung f PTN Diem danh g a Diem Ldp doi Ldp thirc nghiem Tieu chi danh gia toi da Nl N2 N3 N4 Nl' N2' 3,5 3,3 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,7 Tieu chi Sii dung phuong tien Tieu chi Van dung day dii cac giai 1.6 1,6 2,0 1.2 1,2 0,8 doan PPTN Tieu chi Mi'tc van dung PPTN 10 7,8 7,5 9,5 8,6 6,0 5,5 d tiing giai doan Tieu chi Thdi gian, danh gia, 3,5 3,0 3,8 3,6 3.0 2,6 i cung CO 16,4 15,4 19,1 17,0 13,6 12,6 20 TB long cong (TB Tong) chu'ng N3' N4' 3.6 3,2 1,2 1,2 7,8 6,5 2.8 3,3 15,4 14,2 Bang Ket qua phdn hoi ve phitOng phdp to chiic (DHTG) cua sinh vien ldp TN Tile So lfla chpn Cau hoi Phuong an lua chpn chon (%) (32 SV) 32 100 Chua bao gid Ban da dUdc hpc cac bai hpc Hiem 0 Thinh thoang ihco phuong phap chua? 0 Thudng xuyen 0 Rat hflng Ihii 81,3 26 Hflng [hu Hoc theo phfldng phap ban 12,5 thiiy Binh Ihudng 6,2 Nhiini chiin 3, Ban dUdc trai nghiem ciic hoat diing gi tai moi gdc? Tac dung ciia no vdl viec phai iricn niing lUc van dung PPTN day hpc vat li? (noi dung trii ldi ban hay ghi sang d ben canh) _ Viec hinh ihiinh vii phat trien sac, ben vflng De ap dung dupc phUdng phap chon nhieu phUdng an) Diing 30 94 Sai 20 62,5 30 94 32 100 32 100 Chpn noi dung kien thflc dp dung PhUdng tien, diing cho mdi gdc Soan cac nhiem vu rieng cho mdl goc Bo tri khong gian cac gdc ldp hpc Bdi dudng ndng lift vein dung phuong phdp thuc nghiem day hpc Vdl li Kho khan, thach thflc to chflc day hpc theo phudng phap ircn? (cd the chpn nhieu phUdng Cach thflc phiin nhom va luan chuyen Cach thflc to chflc gid day Cach thflc thao luan, trinh bay kei qua Chpn npi dung khong phii hdp Khdng dli phUdng lien, diing Su chuan bi qua cong phu, mat nhieu thdi gian Khong dam bao ihdi gian liet hpc quy dinh On ao, kho kiem scat De lam ngUdi hpc mat tap trung, khong tich cUc Kho liep thu ki6n thflc kT nang hdn 32 100 32 100 30 94 21 65.6 30 94 28 87,5 30 94 20 62,5 18 56,3 0 Bdng Ddnh gid kit qud Ki ndng thiet ke bdi hpc theo PPTN Multiple Range Tests for DG Thiet ke bai hoc (Method- 95.0percent LSpi Homogeneous Difference Standard Mean 'tihi (Su khac Sig, deviation (Do Groups (Nhom (Trung Count chf biet) lech chuan) dong nhat) binh) Tieu chi " 4' X 0,236291 2,575 " TN X 0,1 2.(i7,5 0,170783 DC" Tieu chi X 0,275379 2.475 TN "•" X - 0,05 0,15 2.525 DC Tieu chl H X 0,775 0.163299 2,8 TN X 0,386221 2,025 DC' Ti(;u chi X 2,325 0,75 6.825 TN X 1.08012 4,5 DC Tieu chl5 0,375 0.189297 X '~Y,b25^ TN X 0.208167 DC Trung binh Tong 3,875 1.46287 17,4 TN" 0.442531 X 13.525 Denotes a Mittisliculh'significant diflerence {bieu thi mdl su khdc biel i d \ nghia thong ke) -: * _ •^1 ^ • = ' _ _ _ ' _v_._ • 71 Phiing Viet Hiii D HiTdng Tra TO ket qua bang so lieu thu dUdc sijr dung phan mSm thdng ke Statgraphics de danh gia y nghia sir khac biet ve ket qua thu dilOc cua Mp TN va DC d mSi tieu chf va diem trung binh tong K6t qua dUOc trinh bay nhit Bang Nhu vay, vfli tin cay d mitc 95%, sd khac biet diem so trung binh cac tieu chl va (xac dinh muc tieu va chuan bi philOng tien) giSa hai ldp TN va DC la khong cd y nghTa Sir khac biet diem s6 trung binh cac tieu chf 3, 4, (van dung PPTN; miJc van dung PPTN d titng giai doan; phan bd thai gian, danh gia, ciing c6) va trung binh tong cong (diem ldp TN cao hon ldp DC) la cd y nghia DiSu dd chiing td phUdng phap DHTG da cai thien dUdc ki nang thuoc cac tieu chi 3,4,5 cua sinh vien, day cung la cac ki nang quan trpng nhat viec van dung PPTN Ben canh dd, stt tac dong tren khong nang cao them diloc cac ki nang thudc tieu chf 1, Ket qua tren cd the If giai vi day la hai tieu chf mang tinh chat chung, cd mpi ke hpach bai hpc, qui trinh sii dung mot thf nghiem day hpc da duoc thuc hanh qua hpc phan Thi nghiem vat li phd thdng d hpc ki trUdc nen SV khdng gap nhieu khd khan Ben canh dd, thiSt ke bai hpc SV thudng bam qua sat vao cac npi dung va trinh tu kiSn thtic sach giap khoa nen khdng the the hien dudc y tudng van dung PPTN vao bai hpc, lam cho diein danh gia cac k! nang cac tieu chi 3,4,5 ciia ldp DC cho ket qua thap hdn Bdng 5, Ddnh gid ket qud Ki ndng to'ehtic bdi hpc theo PPTN Multiple Range Tests for DG To chuc day hoc Method: 95.0 percent LSD Mean Standard Homogeneous Difference Tieu Count (Trung deviation (Do Groups (Nhom (Su khac Sig chl binh) lech chuan) diing nhat) biet) Tieu chi I TN 3,55 0,208167 X 0,075 3,475 DC 0.221736 X Tieu chi TN 1,6 0.326599 X DC 0.2 X 1,1 0,5 Tieu chl TN 8,35 0,896289 X 1,9 OC J 6,45 0,988264 X Tieu chl TN 3,475 0,340343 X 0,55 DC 2,925 0,298608 X Trung binh Tong TN 16,975 1,56285 X 3,025 DC 13,95 1,17047 X » • * Thdng qua bang cho thay rang: (3 mtic tin cay 95%, Ki nang to chiJc bai hpc, khdng cd su khac biet vi ket qua tieu chi (Sii dung phudng tien) va tieu chi (Thdi gian, danh gia, ciing cd) gifla hai Idp Sit khac biet vS diem so d cac tieu chi (Van dung Bdi duong ndng lUc van dung phuong phdp thuc nghiem day hoc Vdt li PPTN), tieu chi (Mflc dp van dung PPTN d tflng giai doan) va diem trung binh td'ng cdng (TB Tong) gifla hai Idp la cd y nghia Dieu dp chflng td phfldng phap DHTG da nang cap dfldc kha nang van dung va mflc dp van dung PPTN chflc bai day d Idp TN - Danh gia sfl phan hoi ve phflpng phap to chflc (DHTG) cua sinh vien ldp TN Thdng qua ket qua thu dflpc tfl bang cho thay: 100% ti le sinh vien ldp TN chfla tflng dupc hpc theo phUdng phap DHTG; da phjn SV (81,3%) cam thay rSt hflng thu dfldc hpc theo phfldng phap DHTG ma giao vien vfla td chflc (Hinh 5) s Rathi/ngthu "'ZIT' • Hflngthii I;/-""' siNhamchan Hinh Bieu dd md td mitc dp hUng thu cua SV vdi DHTG " '"! ^ - - " '—•• ~~\ •"^^\^-'"- - ^" ' " , ' * ' " ^ " ! \ : " ' , ' x v , ' r a " J', |^ i.,.•.•-,.^.7.' • — Hinh Trd ldi cua SV tren bdng hoi O cau hoi 3: Ban dflpc trai nghiem cac hoat dpng gi tai m6i goc? Tac dung cua no vdi viec phat trien nang Iflc van dung PPTN day hoc vat li? H§u hk SV deu trinh bay dupc cong viec ban than da thuc hien tai moi goc va xac dinh dflpc tac dung cua moi goc (hinh 6), CJ cau hoi 4, ti ic sinh vien lfla chpn diing la rat cao (94%), di^u cho thay SV da bfl6c dau xac dinh dflpc mot cac dac trflng noi bilt cua DHTG la sfl hoc sau, hpc b6n vflng cau 6, ti le lfla chpn cac phfldng an da cho la kha cao (tfl 56% den 100%), chflng to SV da xac dinh dflpc nhflng dilu kien ma giiio vien cSn phai chuan bi vii dfl kiSn nhflng kho khan viec ap dung DHTG Nhflng ket qua se la tiln de thuan Ipi de GV to chii'c cho SV nghien cflu va b6i dfldng chinh phfldng phap DHTG nhflng tiet hpc sau mpt each hieu qua Ket luan Nhfl vay, viec van dung day hpc theo gdc da thiet ke dflpc cac nhiem vu hpc tap co linh chuyen biet tai moi goc, tfl SV co dieu kien hinh va hoan ihien dan nang Iflc van dung PPTN qua trinh thflc hien tuan tU cac nhieni vu dat tai moi goc Ket qua TNSP cho th3y, P mflc tin cay 95%, ket qua diem danh gia ve nhom ki niing thilt ke bai hpc, td chflc bai hpc va cac kT nang phan cua SV idp TN vfldt trpi hdn so vdi Idp DC Nhfl vay viec sfl dung day hpc iheo gdc nhfl mpt cong cu de bdi dfldng da nang cao dfldc nang tflc van dung PPTN day hoc cua sinh vien sfl pham vat li Mat khiic, thdng qua hoat dpng trai nghiem tai cac gdc, suy ngam vl cac hoat ddng da trai nghiem, SV dong thdi dflpc hpc ve chinh phfldng phap day hpc theo gdc - mdt each tiep can mdi me va hieu quii qua trinh hpc tap hpc phin phfldng phap day hoc viit li Dieu dd giiip cho GV cd the rut ngan dflpc thdi gian giang day giup sinh vien cd the tiep thu mdt Ciich Phiing Viet Hdi D5 Hudng Tra sau sac vti ben vflng qfla trinh nghien cflu phfldng phap DHTG nhflng tiet hoc tiep theo TU nhflng kit qua dat dfldc cho phep khang dinh viec Idng ghep DHTG de bdi dfldng cho sinh vien nang Iflc van dung PPTN day hpc dii dem lai hieu qua kep qua trinh day hpc hpc phan Phfldng phap day hpc vat li TAI LIKU THAM KHAO (IJ Nguydn Lang Binh, Do Hfldng Trii, Nguyin Phfldng Hdng, Cao Thi Thang, 2010 Day vd Iwc tich cite Mdt sd philang phdp vd ki thiidt day hpc Nxb Dai hpc Sfl pham, HaNdi, tr 116 |2| Nguyen Th6 Khdi (chti bien), 2012 Vdt If 10 Ndng cao Nxb Giao diic Viet Nam, tr 223- 225 |3] Nguyen Tuyet Nga, 2011 Modiil phuong phdp hpc Iheo gdc Tai lieu tap h u k Education for development, (www.vvob.be.Vietnam), tr 40-44 |4J Nguyen Dflc Tham (chu bien), 2008 To chiic hoat ddng nhdn thifc cho hpc sinh Irong dtiy Iwc vdt li a trudng phd thdng Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Hit Npi, tl 102-105 [51 Dd Hfldng Trii, 2011 Cdc kieu tdchitc day hpc hien dai Irong day hpc vdt ll d trudng phd Ihdng Nxb Dai hpc Sfl pham Ha Ndi tr 224-242 [6| Trfldng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen, 2010 Chuang trinh chi tiet ngdnh su pham vdl li, tr 173-175 ABSTRACT Providing work areas to carry out experiments in physics classes to make teaching more effective Experiments have been carried put in the high school physics classrooms but it is thought that for this to be an efficient practice, each physical education student should equip use skills of this method during their period of study in university This study looked at the use of work areas to promote competence applying experiments to lesson number 45 'Boyle-Mai"iotte\s law" in advanced 10"' grade physics It was found that students not only become more competent in conducting experiments, they also learned that experiments arc best conducted in the designated wprk area ... 2.1.3 Day hoc theo gdc va viec boi dfldng PPTN cho sinh vien day hoc vat li - Khdi niem vi day hpc theo goc Day hpe theo gdc (Working with areas) la mdl phfldng phap day hpc theo dd hpe sinh thflc... cua sinh vien ldp TN Thdng qua ket qua thu dflpc tfl bang cho thay: 100% ti le sinh vien ldp TN chfla tflng dupc hpc theo phUdng phap DHTG; da phjn SV (81,3%) cam thay rSt hflng thu dfldc hpc theo. .. ban c Nhiem vu cua sinh vien: - SV quan sat mpt trich doan day hpe bai 45 "Dinh lual Boyle - Mariotte" - Vat Ii 10 NC theo PPTN dfldc GV cung cap qua may tinh - Ca nhan ghi chep qua trinh td chflc