So 6 (248) 2016 NGON N G C & Bin S 6 N G 35 TINH MACH LAC TRONG VIET LUAN TIENG ANH CUA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGtr TRU''''OnVG DAI HQC QUANG BINH COHERENCE IN ESSAYS WRITTEN BY ENGLISH MAJORS AT QUANG BINH UN[.]
So (248)-2016 NGON N G C & Bin S N G 35 TINH MACH LAC TRONG VIET LUAN TIENG ANH CUA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGtr TRU'OnVG DAI HQC QUANG BINH COHERENCE IN ESSAYS WRITTEN BY ENGLISH MAJORS AT QUANG BINH UNIVERSITY NGUYllN THJ 14 H A N G (ThS; Dgi hpc Qudng Binh) LDatvandl 1.1 Bk gdp phin rut ngdn khodng edeh phdt trien vdi cdc quic gia tien tiln trdn thi gidi, giao due Vift Nam dd cd nhGng bude dii mdi tieh cyc, dd phdi kl den vifc ehu trpng day vd hpc tiing Anh d edc cip hpc tG thip ddn cao nude ta hifn nay, tieng Anh Id mdt ttong nhui^ ngogi ngG ehinh dupe dua vao chuong trinh gidng day Ddy eung Id cdng cy giao tilp so mft hfi nhgp qudc td Tuy nhidn, khdng phdi cung cdm thiy dl ddng dl giao tilp mft cdch thu$n lpi vdi ngdn ngG ndy, bdi trdn thyc tl, chi nhiing al tich luy dupe mOt lupng kien thdc d mOt mdc dp ndo do, dgc bift Id cdc kT ndng CO bdn Nghe, Ndi, Dpc, Viet mdi cd the ty tin su dyngtiengAnh Idm cdng cy giaotiep.Moi kl ndng ddu cd nhthig ndt d$ctiiuridng.Trong chucmg trinh gidng day d b ^ dgi hpc, Id ndng Vilt ddng vai trd quan ttpng song lgi gay khdng ft khd khdn cho suih vien Khi viet mOt bdi lugn bdng tieng Anh, smh vidn khdng chi chuin bi y tudng cho thgt phong phu ma edn phdi ehpn cdch tl chGc vd sip xep cde y eho mgch lae, suetich.Ndi cdch khdc, bdi ludn vira phdi diing vd nOi dung yeu eiu, vua ddm bdo tfnh sue tfch, de hiiu vd cd tinh thim ml cao D6 qud thdt Id dilu khdng de vdi sinh vien chuyen ngQ ndi chung vd sinh vidn chuydn ngG Trudng Dai hpc Qudng Binh ndi ridng ^ , ^ 1.2 Ndu ki ndng viet cdu hay viet doan vdn ngdn, ngQ phdp vd tG vyng vd lidn tG dupe xem la van dd ddng luu tam, thi tron^ kl ndng vidt bdi ludn tiing Anh, edu ehu de (thesis statement), y ho tip (supporting ideas), tfnh thing nhit ttong vifc sdp xdp y tudng (unity) vdti'nhmach lgc (coherence) Id nhGng vin de sinh vidn Ihudng mdc loi thyc hdnh vilt Vdi von tiing Anh hgn chl vd tiiieu sy kit hpp nhuin nhuyen cdc yeu td can thilt de ed mft bdi lugn hay, vifc sinh vidn viet mft bdi l u ^ cd nfi dung nhung thidu tinh mgch lae Id khdng the trdnh khdi Bdi viet ndy tgp trung phan tich cdch nhin nhan hay nhan thGc cGa sinh vidn Trudng Dai hpe Qudng Binh vl tdm quan ttgng cGa tinh mgch lac viet bdi luan tiing Anh vd each sinh vien thudng Iam dd cd mpt bai vidt mach lgc, siic tieh Tinh mach I9C bdi luan Tinh mgch lgc duoc nhieu nhd nghien cGu xem nhu Id mdt ylu td quan ttpng quylt dinh vifc hhih thdnh mpt vdn bdn Theo dd, vdn bdn ehl dupe xem la mach lgc nfi dung eiia vdn bdn phdi thye sy thing nhit, nhit qudn vdi chu de vd chat chd ve tinh logic Mgch lgc (coherence) dupe ghdp td tien tl "Co" (tiing Latin), co nghia Id "VOT", "cimg nhau", cdn dfng tG "cohere" cd nghia Id "giir lgi vdi nhau" Halliday vd Hassan (1976) da ndu khdi nifm vd mach lgc nhu sau: Mgch lgc dugc coi Id phdn edn lgi (sau trie llin kit) thugc vi ngd cdnh cua tinh hudng vdi nhiing ddu nghta tiim dn Mgch lgc dugc col la phdn bd sung cdn^ thiit cho liin kit Id mgt nhitng diiu ki$n tgo thdnh chdt vdn ban" [6] Theo Bdch khoa thu ngdn ngQ vd ngdn ngQ hpe (1994), mgch lgc Id sy nii kit ed tinh chit 36 NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG S6 (248)-2016 logic dupe hinh bay ttong qua trinh tridn Idiai Theo Nguyin TW Hdng ThGy (2004) tt^ mft cit tiuyfn, mdt truyfn kl, lf thufc vdo ty cdu cd vai trd to ldn dii vdi vifc fliiit vifc tgo nhGng sy kifn dupe kit nii vdi lgp tfnh mgch lgc eho vdn bdn De vdn bdn cd nhau, ban Id nhiing ddy hen hf thupc ngdn tinh mgch lgc tid cdc npi dung sy kifn cd lien ngQ quan den chu de phdi duge sip theo mft tr^ Trong gidng dgiy Id nang vidt, mach lae ty nhit ^nh nao dd Tr$t ty dd cd the Id thdi dupe ddnh gid Id mft ydu tl quan trpng quylt gian - khdng gjan, tr^ ty quan hf logic vl mdt dinh chit lupng eiia bdi viet, nhu Hatch.E ngQ nghia hay trdt ty If gidi vin dl MSi each (1992) khdng dinh: "Niu thiiu tinh mgch lgc, sdp xep sd t ^ moi kilu mgch lgc khdc mdt van bdn Idiong dich thm: Id mgt vdn bdn"nhau, nhu Id mach lgc vl thdi gian - khdng [7] Nhu vdy, dl mdt van bdn hay mOt dien gian, mgch lgc theo nfi dung quan ylu hay ngdn cd tutii mach lgc, nhit dinh phdi cd mach lac quan hf lgp lugn [4] nghia vd Id mpt chinh thi, ding thdi phdi Kit qua phan tich duge dinh hinh tdt Ciing vdi tinh lidn kit 3.1 Quan diim eda sinh viin ddi v&i tinh (cohesion), mgch lgc la mpt td khdng mgch lgc bdi lugn tieng Anh Ihltiiieukhi ddnh gid chit lupng bdi vidt Neu Qua khdo sdt dilu tra, phdng vin 100 sinh tmh lien kit ndi din cdc cdch thiic cdu vd cdc vien chuyen ngQ tai Trudng Dai hpe Qudng bf phgn ciia cdu kit nii vdi tgo Binh, gin 80% sinh vien y thdc dupe tim mft vdn bdn hoan chinhtiiimgch lgc dupe coi quanttpngcGa vifc tao tfnh mgch lgc cho cdc Id phdp tu tG nhim tao sy thing nhit ttpn vpn Ihd logi vdn ban ndi ehung Bdi IS, theo hg, cua vdn bdn Do dd, nhit thilt phdi cd sy lidn mgch lgc sd ldm cho cde •$ttongbdi vdn gdn ket giGa cde cdu mdt cdch nhuan nhuyin, kit logic theo mft trinh ty nhit dinh B6n khdng c6 hifn tupng nhdy cde (sudden cgnh dd, tinh mgch lgc bdi li4n thi hifn jumps) ngudi vilt tidm chde, lya chpn diing eiu tnic, Cd nhidu cdch de tao tinh mach lac ttong tG vyng, ddm bdo cho bdi lugn trdi chdy, sdc viet lugn nhu; lap lgi danh tic khda tich vd rd rdng dl ngudi dpc cd till hieu nfi (repetition of key nouns), sic dung dgi tie cd dung mOt cdch nhanh chdng Hon nOa, mft dfnh (using consistent pronouns), su dung bdi vdn mgch lgc khdng chi cd gid trj ve m$t dau hifu chuyin y (transition signals), cau ndi dung vd edn mangtinhthim nu cao true cdu song song parallel structures) hay 3.2 Cdch thdc tgo tinh mgch lgc cho b&i sdp xep cdc y mdt each hgp li (proper lugn order) Oshuna, A & Hogue, A (2006) dd Bdng 3.1 Cdch thdc sinh vien tgo tinh khing dinh dung dgi tu dd thay thi eho danh mgch lgc cho bdi ludn tG, ngudi vilt nen cd sy nhit qudn, ddm bdo Sinh viSn ^ Cich thtjrc tinh rd rdng, trdnh gdy tii nghia hay mo hi chpn (E=100) [8;42] Thdm vdo dd, nhirng diu hifu chuyin Sip xep y theo tr^t 91 (91%) ^ nhu first, secorul, next, finally, therefore, tg logic Dime tu/ cym tir however hay nhGng cym tG nhu in 100(100%) chuven ^ conclusion, on the other fiand, as a result I4p I^i danh tir 72 (72%) cflng ndn dupe sG dyng hgp If dd tgo tfnh chinh maeh lgc cho bdi ludn Tliyc tl cho thiy diu Dungd^itCr 87(87%) hifu chuyen •y hay Hen tG nii dupe xem la Idling ciu tnjc 31(31%) phuong phdp phd biln nhdt bdi giup ngudi song sonR dgc bilt dupe -^ dl ciia ngudi vilt Id ding Cach khac 0(0%i tinh hay phdn doi, nguydn nhdn - kit qua, Soig48)-2016 NG6N NGC* & Bin S6NG TG bdng tdng hop ttdn cd the thiy, sinh vidn cd nhilu cdch khdc dl xdy dyng tinh mgch 1^ cho bdi viet 100% smh vidn cd khuynh hudng lya chgn edc tG, cym tG ndi dl lidn kit y bdi ludn Ngodi ra, hp edn sG dyng phuong phdp sip xip y theo ttdt ty logic, dGng dgi tG, Idp lgi danh tG chfnh So sinh vidn sG dung eau true song song chiem ti If ft hon so vdi cdc phuang phdp khdc (31%) (i) Sdp xip y theo trgt tu logic Mft bdi ludn cd thi dupe coi Id mpt vdn bdn duge xdy dyng tG quan dilm rieng cua ngudi vilt bdi no t$p hpp cde '^ tudng cd td chGc Tit cd cdc bdi luan cd phin md diu, phin than bdi, phin kdt ludn vd dupe xdy dyng xung quanh mOt f tuimg trung tdm, ho§e ^ chfnh (main idea) Thdng thudng, bdi lu$n gom ft nhdt ba dogn vdn, cd dp ddi du de thdo ludn, ttanh lu|in hodc chGng minh f tudng chfnh ciia bdi lu$n Nhiing y bd sung hay h5 ttp cho y chfnh (supporting ideas) phdi dugc bo tri hpp li dl h6 ttp cho tiing y chinh duge ndu ttong bdi lu|n TGy thuOc tGng kilu bdi lugn khdc md ede ^ dupe sip xip theo edch thfeh hpp, ching hgn nhu thG ty thdi gian, ttdt ty khdng gian hay dien trinh cua nOi dung, Vf dy (*cde vf dy dudi day khdng ehu ngudn dan deu duge trich tG cdc bdi Iu|in cGa sinh vidn): (1) Cell phone fias a lot of advantages that attract the use of people worldwide First, it helps us in daily communication even in long or far distance Next, it make searching Internet, sending or receiving email become quycker and easier And finally, it can be a means of entertainment with a lot of interesting game Vdi f dd ldm cho phin md diu dupe trdi chdy theo trdt tG thdi gian, sinh vidn dd sG dyng nhihig tG nii nhu Id "first", "next" vd "finally" NhQng diu hifu kit nil till hifn mdi quan hf vl m^t thdi gian logic, ngudi dpc de ddng nim bit nhiing y chfnh dupe trien khai chi tilt 37 (2) In today's modern world, people can have access to highly advanced techno logical devices The invention of cellphones has met the increasingly high demands of people in communication and other services Cell phones have changed our lives, and since its appearance, cell phones have brought to man both advantages and disadvantage Dogn md diu (2) cho thiy ttgt ty khdng gjan rat thich hpp Cdu diu tien gidi thifu ting the vl cdng nghf tien tiln, nhiing cdu sau dd md td difn thogi di dfng, doi tugng chlnh eiia bdi lu$n Do dd, ngudi dgc ed thi hinh dung bdi Iu§n dang di theo hudng diln dich, mOt ttong nhiing lli vilt khd quen thuOc vd bien (3) The first and the most important reason is that cellphone can be used almost everywhere without cables or electricity A further reason of using cell phone is that you can keep in touch with other people easily and quycUy The final reason tfiat most people use cell phone is due to its convenience in entertainment Vf dy trdn minh chGng cho kl thudt sdp xep trdt ty quan trpn^ ciia y tudng theo y chG quan eiia ngudi viet Nhd cdc bilu thGc ehuyin tilp nhu "the first and the most important reason", "a fitrther reason", "the final reason" ngudi dpc hiiu rd li quan trpng nhit cho din ft quanttpngnhit cua vifc sG dyng difn thogi di dfng Id gi (lO Tie/cum tu ehuyin^ Mft bdi luan tdt dupe xay dyng tren co sd cdc dogn vdn dupe td chGc tot Oshima, A & Hogue, A (2006) dd k l ^ g dinh: "Dotpi van Id mgt don vf ca ban di td chitc vdn bdn" vd sl nhQng yeu to de taotiidnhmft doan vdn tit, tinh mach lae cd mOt vai trd rit quan trgng [9;17] M6i bdi vdn mgch lgc chGa nhGng ^ tudng kit nil nhuin nhuyen hodc bao gom mOt chu§i cdu ed lidn quan vdi Vi vgy, dl dgt duge sy gdn kit, ein phdi chG y 38 NGON N G f & Bin S N G S6 (248)-2016 den viec sU dung cac diu hi$u chuyen tilp vi world's most common means of dii: communication is SA^ Cell phones, (4) The first and tfie most important certainly, incltuk this system You can reason of using cellpfiones is (tfiat) they cancommunicate with otfiers more cheaply tfian be used almost everywhere else By using a by normal callings It is the reason wHlmost cellphone, you can communicate with attyoneof tfie students cdwgys consider this feature whenever you want and wherever you are before making a final decision to buy a cell Besides, if there is an emergency situation, phone cellphones can also be useful Furthermore, Vifc tgo tfnh mgch lgc thdng qua eac tii you can get access to tfie Intemet to get every chuydn tiep nhu in addition, however, information you need with only a small devicemoreover, although, and first/ second/ as a cellphone In addition to this, nowadays,third, cd vd khdng qud khd ndn sinh vien co the world's most common means of xu hirdng tan dung lpi the sG dyng phuong communication is SMS Cell phones, phdp ndy de ldm cho bdi ludn mgch lgc hon certainly, incltuk this system Therefore, in Tuy nhien, khdc vol cdc sinh vidn bdn xG, sd this wtiy, you can communicate with othersdyng cdc diu hifu ehuyin tilp ddi gdy more cheaply than by normal callings ( ) nhthig loi nhit ^nh dii vdi sinh vidn Viet Vi dy (4) cho thay sinh vidn dd cd y thGc Nam ndi chung vd smh vien Trudng Dgi hpc sG dyng diu hifu chuydn tilp d