Cac nhan to anh hiTong tdi tinh than khori nghiep cua sinh vien tai cac truofng dai hoc tren dja ban TP Ho Chi Minh NGUYEN THI THU HANG* Tom tat Nghien cdu nhdm khdm phd cdc nhdn tdtdc dgng len tinh t[.]
Cac nhan to anh hiTong tdi tinh than khori nghiep cua sinh vien tai cac truofng dai hoc tren dja ban TP Ho Chi Minh NGUYEN THI THU HANG* Tom tat Nghien cdu nhdm khdm phd cdc nhdn tdtdc dgng len tinh thdn khdi nghiep cda sinh vien dyta tren di2^ lieu dugc thu thdp td 670 sinh vien ndm cud'i thugc trudng dqi hgc khd'i ngdnh kinh tevd ky thudt tqi TP Ho ChiMinh Ke't qud phdn tieh cho thdy, tinh thdn khdi nghiep cda sinh vien tqi TP Ho ChiMinh chiu dnh hudng cda nhdn tdld: Truyin thdng xd hgi; Chinh sdch xd hgi; Gia dinh; Kie'n thvtc khdi nghiep; Gido due; Chdp nhdn rdi ro; vd Khd ndng sdng tqo Td ke't qud nghien citu, bdi vie't dUa mgt sd kie'n nghi gidp sinh vien hieu rd minh cdn chudn bi nhiing kie'n thdc, ky ndng ndo cho qud trinh di de'n khdi nghiep, cung nhu dua di xudt chinh sdch nhdm hd trg cho hoqt dgng khdi nghiep cda sinh vien Tuf khoa: tinh thdn khdi nghiep, khdi nghiep, kie'n thdc khdi nghiep, sinh vien Summary The research aims to explore factors affecting entrepreneurial spirit of students based on the data collected from a sample of 670 senior students at two faculties of business and technology from universities in Ho Chi Minh City Findings of the analysis indicate that entrepreneurial spirit of students in Ho Chi Minh City is affected by factors: Social media; Social policy; Family; Entrepreneurial knowledge; Education; Risk acceptance; and Creative ability Based on thefindings, this research proposes some recommendations that help students to realise the needed knowledge and skills for entrepreneurship as well as the policies to aid students' entrepreneurial activities Keywords: entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial knowledge, student ^ GlOfI THIEU Van de khdi nghiep da va dang la cau chuyen thdi sff phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam hien Nhieu td chffc, doanh nghiep Viet Nam va nffdc ngoai dang phdi hdp vdi cac trffdng dai hgc tao mgi dieu kien de hd trd y tffdng khdi nghiep gidi sinh vien, thdng qua viec tai trd nhieu eugc thi khuyen khich y tffdng sang tao kinh doanh Mdt so quan niem cho rang, y tffdng khdi nghiep thffdng chi den tff sinh vien chuyen ve khd'i nganh kinh te Thiic te da cho tha'y, rat nhieu sinh vien dai hgc td't nghiep tff cac trffdng ky thuat da va dang cdng bang dffdng khdi sff kinh doanh Hien nay, tai TP Hd Chi Minh, cd rat nhieu sinh vien dai hgc dac biet quan tam tdi viec trd doanh nhan vdi cac ky nang chuyen nghiep kinh doanh, dang ap li y tffdng khdi nghiep, vdi khat vgng lam chii, mong mud'n thie't lap mdt doanh nghiep cdng va ben vffng tffdng lai Vay hien tai, mffe sfn sang va tiem nang khdi nghiep sinh vien tai TP Hd Chi Minh dang d mffe nao? Cac ye'u to nao tac ddng den tinh than khdi nghiep ciia hg? Cau tra ldi se dffdc lam rd qua ket qua thffc hien cua nghien cffu CO S6 LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU Casdly thuyet Theo European Commission (2003), tinh than khdi nghiep la thai phan anh ddng life va nang life cua mdt ca nhan ve viec xac dinh cd hdi va theo dudi cd hdi dd, nham tao san pham mdi cd gia tri cho thi trffdng hay cdng ve kinh te Nghien cffu cua Shane va cdng sff *TS., Trffdng Dai hoc Bach khoa, Dai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh I Email: ntthang@hcmut.edu.vn Ngdynhcr bdi: 30/09/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/11/2018 Economy ^n^ Forecast Review 121 HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CCfU DE X U A T i Yeu lo • Ci nhan Ki^n thiJc khoi nchieo Kha nang tu sing t?o Tinh nhan nai Kha nana ki6m scat N san sang chip nhjin rui ro DpoK luc d^l ; Y^uto Chinh sach —j , Moi trirdng Truyen thong : • Giao due ^ ^ /! Gia dinh Ngudn: Tac gia de xuat (2003) chi rang, ky nang quan ly va kie'n thffc se anh hffdng len viec khdi nghiep, tinh than khdi sff kinh doanh Nghien cffu cua Herb va cgng sif (1986) eho rang, kha nang sang tao la kha nang cd the ke't hdp nhffng suy nghi va cac y tffdng de dffa nhffng trien vgng mdi Nhffng ngffdi cd tiem nang khdi nghiep thffdng quan sat cac sff viee dien xung quanh minh Theo Martijn va cdng sff (2009), tinh nhan nai la sff ben bi tiep tuc thffc hien cdng viec ca cd nhffng bat ldi xay qua trinh thffc hien cdng viec Nhffng ngffdi cd tiem nang khdi nghiep thffdng cd tinh nhin nai cao Vdi y chi vffng chae, hg cudi cung cung se vffdt qua nhffng trd ngai va dat dffdc cdng Theo Nikolaus Franke va cdng sff (2004), kha nang kiem soat la kha nang tff kiem soat hanh vi ban than, xff ly tinh hud'ng theo ly tri, bie't dffdc ban than mud'n gi, diem manh, diem yeu cua minh, kiem soat dffdc thdi gian Nhffng ngffdi khdi nghiep cdng ludn thffc hien cdng viec dgc lap vdi mgi ngffdi, dffa nhffng quyet dinh ciia rieng ban than va canh tranh khdc liet ITnh vifc, ma hg chgn Nghien cffu cung cho tha'y, thai Chap nhan nii ro la kha nang xff ly nhffng tinh hud'ng khdng chae chan va sfn ldng ddn nhan that bai ne'u nhff tinh hud'ng xau nha't xay Nhffng ngffdi cd tinh than khdi nghiep cao la nhffng ngffdi chap nhan rui ro mdt each chii ddng Theo nghien effu cua Herb va cdng sff (1986), nhffng ngffdi cd dgng life dat tha'p khdng cd mong mud'n the hien td't cdng viec va khdng cd' gang, nd life, nhffng ngffdi de chap nhan ke't qua hien tai Theo nghien cffu cua Oosterbeek va cdng sif (2010), ne'u cac chffdng tnnh dao tao cho sinh vien cd cd hgi thffc hanh ly thuyet, cung nhff dffdc tie'p xue, hgc tap tai doanh nghiep, tham gia cac dff an thffc te se giup sinh vien md mang suy nghT, sang tao, cd dgng life va luyen ky nang lam viec nhdm, nang cao tinh nang dgng cho sinh vien Cdn Mohammad Ismail va cdng stf (2009) cho rang, neu sinh vien cd cha me lam kinh doanh, thi hg se cd tinh than khdi nghiep eao hdn Sinh vien se dffdc bd me quan tam, dinh hffdng kinh doanh Cdng viec kinh doanh, kinh nghiem lanh dao cua bd me va vai trd ciia bd me doanh nghiep anh hffdng len tinh than khdi nghiep cua hg, tao cho the he di sau cd mdt sii nhan thffc ve tinh than khdi nghiep 122 Tff cac nghien cffu tren, nhdm tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu nhff Hinh Cac gia thuyet HI: Kien thffc khdi nghiep cd anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghidp H2: Kha nang tff sang tao cd anh hffdng dffdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep H3: Tinh nh§n nai cd anh hffdng dffdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep H4: Kha nang kiem soat ed anh hffdng dffdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep H5: SSn sang chap nhan nii ro cd anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep H6: Dgng life dat cd anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep H7: Chinh sach cd anh hffdng dffdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep H8: Truyen thdng cd anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep H9: Giao due ed anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep HIO: Gia dinh cd anh hffdng dffdng de^n tinh than khdi nghiep H l l : Cd sff khac ve mffe anh hffdng ciia cac yeu to tac ddng len tinh than khdi nghiep giffa cac nhdm ve nganh hge (khd'i kinh te', khd'i ky thuat) PhUOngphdp nghien cdu Nghien ei?u dinh Iffdng vdi 670 mau thdng qua bang cau hdi khao sat tnfc tie'p Dd'i tffdng khao sat la sinh vien nam cudi thugc khd'i ky thuat va kinh te ciia trffdng dai hgc tai TP Hd Chi Minh, bao gdm: Dai hgc Bach Khoa, Dai hgc Ngoai Thffdng, Dai hgc Kinh te, Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tff nhien, Dai hgc Qud'c te Dff lieu dffdc thu thap theo phffdng phap lay mlu thuan tien va thdi gian lay mau tff thang 01/2017'de'n thang 03/2017 Thang dffdc kiem dinh bang phffdng phap phan tich nhan tdkham pha (EFA) va he sdtin cay Cronbach's Alpha Nghien cffu cung se sff dung phffdng phap hdi quy de kiem dinh cac gia thuye't (Bdi vie't sd dung cdch vie't so thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c te) KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU Ket qud phdn tich EFA Ket qua phan tich EFA cho cac nhan td anh hffdng tdi tinh than khdi nghiep cua sinh vien cac trffdng dai hoc tren dia ban TP Hd Chi Minh, eho kdt qua nhif Bang Ket qud phdn tich hoi quy Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho thay, gia thuye't H3, H4 va H6 bi bac bd, gia thuye't cdn lai dffdc ling hg (Bang 2) Kinh te va DU bao Kinhte va Dif bao Tff ket qua phan tich hdi quy, phffdng trinh hdi quy ed dang: TTKN = 0.063 CNRR + 0.09 GDINH + 0.064 GDUC -h 0.446 XHTT + 0.382 XHCS -H 0.069 KTHUC + 0.059 STAO KET LUAN vA HAM Y BANG 1: KET QCIA EFA THANG DO CAC KHAI NIEM NGHIEN CCifU H$ sdtai Bi^n nhdn td" Gia dinh (GDINH) 884 Gia dinh can co kha nang huv dong von 883 Gia dinh can co kha nang keu goi tai trO 881 Gia dinh can san sang ho trcf tai chinh 598 Gia dinh can thu'dng xuven thao luan dinh hu'dng khdi nghiep cua minh Giao due dao tao (GDUC) 777 Phu'dng phap giang dav can phai tao dieu kien tiep xiic thifc te doanh nghiep 746 Phu'dng phap giang dav can phai tao dieu kien tiep xue thiTc te'kinh doanh 617 Chtrong trinh dao tao can trang bi cac kien thu'c can thie't quan tri 535 Noi dung chUdng trinh dao tao can tao cam hiJng khdi nghiep cho sinh vien 488 Noi dung chtfdng trinh dao tao can trang bi kha nang tir duv kinh doanh Kha nang sang tao (STAO) 807 Toi can phai co nhifng v tu'dng dot pha cong viec 682 Toi can phai difa cac phifdng an ddi mdi cong viec 673 Toi can phai sang tao nhiing thu* mdi me 529 Toi can phai luon tim each giai quvet cong viec nhanh nhat 486 Toi can phai luon tim each giai quvet cong viee hieu qua nhat Chinh sach (XHCS) 789 Nha nu'dc can co chinh sach kinh te' ho trO doanh nhan tre 746 Nha nurdc can co chinh sach tao dieu kien phat trien doanh nghiep ttf nhan 687 Nha ntfdc can co chinh sach kinh te tfu dai khdi nghiep Dong Irfc dat (DLTDAT) 742 Toi muon lam cong viec co v nghia cho xa hoi 741 Toi muon phat trien nang life cho ban than 716 Toi muon thoa man niem dam me kinh doanh cua minh Toi muon cd thu nhap cao 708 704 Toi muon lam chu doanh nghiep Kien thffc kholi nghiep (KTHUC) Toi can hieu bie't ro nhiing nguven tac cua kinh doanh 835 Toi can hieu bie't ro ve nhu'ng quv luat cua quan tri 800 Toi can tich liiy kie'n thu'c can thie't linh vtfc dinh hu'dng khdi nghiep 656 Toi can phai am hieu thi tru'dng (tinh hinh kinh te, xa hoi, xu hu'dng thi trifdng) 524 Kha nang kiem soat (KNKSOAT) Toi phai la ngifdi khong bi phu thuoc bdi ngu'di khac 733 Toi can phai cd kha nang xij" ly cong viec ciia minh 658 Toi can phai lam chu cong viec cua minh 570 Toi can cd kha nang tif minh dtfa cac quye't dinh quan trong cong viec 541 Toi can phai tu' chon lu'a cong viec phil hdp vdi kha nang cua minh 468 Tinh nhin nai (NNAI) Toi phai la ngu'di khong ngai khd khan khdi nghiep 749 Toi can cd kha nang hoan cong viec difdi ap lu'c cao 685 Toi can cd kha nang kien tri thifc hien cong viec de'n dat muc dich 647 Toi can phai dat cho minh cac muc tieu cao de phan da'u 588 Thai chS'p nhSn rui ro (CNRR) Toi can phai can nhac hau qua trifdc hanh dong 596 Toi can san sang do'i mat vdi nhiJng cong viec mang tinh thu" thach 553 Toi can co kha nang du'a cac giai phap han che rui ro 525 Toi can phai san sang do'i mat vdi rui ro kinh doanh 489 Toi can phai san sang dtfdng dau vdi nhifng trai nghiem mdi 414 Truven thdng (XHTT) Phifdng tien truyen thong can cd cac hoat dong tuyen du'dng doanh nhan tre 833 Phu'dng tien truyen thong can cd cac hoat dong ton vinh doanh nhan dat 757 Tinh than khoii nghiep (TTKN) Ban can cd dinh hifdng khdi nghiep nam tdi 801 Ne'u khdi nghiep va that bai nhieu lan, ban nen kien tri de'n cong 772 Neu dUdc lifa chon nghe nghiep cua minh, ban nen khdi nghiep 718 Ban nen khdi nghiep ne'u cd dii cd hoi va nguon life 702 Ban nen suy nghi ve ke hoach lap doanh nghiep tu'dng lai 636 Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cd nhan td anh hffdng tdi tinh than khdi nghiep cua sinh vien tai TP Hd Chi Minh, bao gdm: Truyen thdng xa hgi; Chinh sach xa hgi; Gia dinh; Kie'n thffc khdi nghiep; Giao due; Chap nhan rui ro; va Kha nang sang tao Trong do, nhan td Truyen thdng cd anh hffdng manh nha't, cdn nhan to Kha nang sang tao anh hffdng tha'p nha't Tuy nhien, nghien effu khdng tim tha'y sii anh hffdng eua nhan to Ddng life dat, Tinh nhan nai va Kha nang kiem soat den tinh than khdi nghiep ciia sinh vien tai TP Hd Chi Minh Tff ket qua nghien cffu, tac gia de xua't mdt sd'kie'n nghi giup sinh vien hieu rd minh can chuan bi nhffng kien thffc, ky nang nao cho qua trinh di den khdi nghiep, cQng nhff chinh sach, sff quan tam tff cac td chffc nham hd trd cho boat dong khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Thd nhdt, dd'i vdi nhdn td Truyin thdng Day la nhan td cd mffe anh hffdng cao nha't Truyen thdng cd vai trd rat quan trgng viec cung cap ngudn thdng tin khdi nghiep va lam nhiem vu ket ndi giffa nhffng y tffdng khdi nghiep, nhffng tiem nang khdi nghiep vdi nha dau tff Nhffng chffdng trinh truyen thdng qud'c gia ve khdi nghiep cho sinh vien la rat can thie't, nham khdi day niem dam me, khat vgng, tinh than qudc gia viec khdi nghiep vdi sff tich cffc ddi mdi, sang tao, gan vdi tog dung khoa hgc cdng nghe va hdi nhap Thd hai, vdi nhdn to Chinh sdch xd hoi Hien nay, ngudn vd'n de dau tff cho dff an khdi nghiep tff cac quy dau tff mao hiem tai Viet Nam cdn it, dac biet ddi vdi cac dff an cua sinh vien Do dd, sif ket hdp giffa Nha nffdc va tff nhan nham thlic day khdi nghiep qud'c gia la bffdc di can thiet de xda bd tff dinh kien vdi tinh chat mao hiem kinh doanh, bdi vi, kinh nghiem cua the gidi da cho tha'y, sff thinh vffdng cua cac qud'c gia ed ddng Mguon: Tinh gdp rat ldn ciia cac dot pha khdi nghiep cdng tff kinh doanh hg phat trien rat nhanh ciing vdi qua trinh tham gia vao Thd ba, nhdn to Gia dinh Vdi nhffng cac cdng viec kinh doanh cua gia dinh Chinh vi vay, ban tre xua't than tff cac gia dinh cd truyen sff tin tffdng va ling hd manh me ciia gia dinh dd'i vdi thdng kinh doanh, tff khdi nghiep cua nhffng ban tre cd tff khdi nghiep la rat can thie't Sff Econon Forecast Review 123 toan cua tac gia Thd: sdu, nhdn to Khd ndng sdng tqo Dd'i vdi mdi ca nhan cd tinh than khdi Beta Sig K&'tqua NOi dung kiem dinh nghiep, can phai khai thac td'i da cac gia 0.446 0.00 IJng hp Truyen thong ed tac dong du'dng vdi tinh than khdi nghiep tri vd hinh Dd la tri tue va sii sang tao, 0.382 0.00 LJng ho Chinh sach ed tac dong du'dng vdi tinh than khdi nghiep ffng dung cdng nghe mdi de khdng danh Gia Dinh cd tac dong difdng vdi tinh than khdi nghiep 0.09 0.00 Ung hp mat ldi the canh tranh tren thi trffdng noi Kie'n thu'c cd tac dong difdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep 0.069 0.008 IJnghp dia, dac biet la chu trgng phat trien linh 0.064 0.036 Ling hp Giao due cd tac dong du'dng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep vffc mdi va tiem nang 0.063 0.042 LJng hp Chap nhan rui ro ed tae dong difdng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep Thd bdy, nhdn to Chdp nhdn rdi ro Sang tao ed tae dong du'dng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep 0.059 0.038 Ung hp Khdi nghiep la hinh thffc dau tff mao - 0.577 Bacbd Dong life cd tac dong du'dng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep hiem Day la eugc chdi danh cho ngffdi - 0.301 Bac bd Nhan nai cd tae dong du'dng de'n tinh than khdi nghiep dung cam, di tien phong va dam chap - 0.841 Bac bo Kha nang Kiem soat cd tie dong dtfdng den tinh than khdi nghiep nhan nii ro Cdng nghe hien dai Ngudn: Tinh toan ciia tac gia giup eon ngffdi nhin tha'y nhffng van de, khia canh mdi, ma nhffng the he CO vii, ddng vien cua gia dinh ludn dffdc coi la rat quan trffdc khd cd the bie't dffdc Trong hanh trgng dd'i vdi sff cdng cua doanh nhan tre ddng, ludn tdn tai hai dieu: sff khdng Thdtu, dd'i vdi nhdn to Kie'n thdc khdi nghiep Ne'u chffa chae chan va mong mud'n Chung ta da cd du kie'n thffc ve kinh te, quan ly, van hanh va ky nang bie't nhieu ve sff khdng chae chan Vay quan tri doanh nghiep, se khd long de "leo lai tau" cdn mong mud'n? Dd la sff dam me, khat doanh nghiep cua minh tffdng lai Chinh vi vay, cac vgng, tinh yeu dd'i vdi cdng viec, vdi trffdng can trang bi cac kien thffc, ky nang ve khdi nghiep md ffdc khdi nghiep Cac doanh nhan cho sinh vien gdp phan nang cao chat Iffdng ngudn nhan thffdng rat tap trung vao dieu hg lam va life; tao mdi trffdng thuan ldi de sinh vien hmh va bd qua nhieu thff khae, can cd sff kien bie'n cac y tffdng khdi nghiep hien thifc, gdp phan tri, tan tam tao viec lam cho sinh vien sau tdt nghiep Ngoai ra, theo ke't qua phan tich Thd ndm, dd'i vdi nhdn to Gido due ddo tqo, giffa giao ANOVA, vdi mffe y nghia sig = 0.00 < due dao tao va tinh than khdi nghiep, y chi lap 0.05, cho tha'y, giffa nhdm nganh hoc doanh nghiep cd md'i quan he chat che vdi nhau, dao tao Kinh te va Ky thuat cd sif khac biet ve giup cho ca nhan cd dinh hffdng nghe nghiep rd rang va tinh than khdi nghiep Cu the, dffa vao trang hi cac kie'n thffe can thiet cho cae tiem nang khdi gia tri trung binh bang md ta thdng nghiep, giup hg cd cd hdi cao hdn viec nam bat cae ke, thi sinh vien khd'i nganh Kinh te co thdi cd kinh doanh Cac trffdng dai hgc nen td chffc cae gia tri trung binh (4.2928) cao hdn sinh boat ddng ngoai khda, cac chffdng tiinh hgc khdi nghiep, vien de'n tff khd'i nganh Ky thuat (4.1486) cac cau lac bd sinh vien khdi nghiep, thie't lap mgt cd sd tai cac trffdng dai hgc tren dia ban TP vat chat tang ho trd va tff van khdi nghiep, td chffc eac Hd Chi Minh Tuy nhien, sif chenh lech chuyen de ve de tai khdi nghiep, gidi thieu cac cd hdi khdng qua dang ke giffa cac sinh nghe nghiep thuc day tinh than khdi nghiep eho smh vien vien hai khd'i nganh.• BANG 2: KET QOA HOI QUY TUYEN TINH TAI LIEU THAM KHAQ Biii Anh Khoa (2017) Tinh thdn khdi nghiep vd cdc tien tdtdc dgng - Mgt nghien cdu sinh vi tqi TP Ho ChiMinh, Luan van cao hgc, Trffdng Dai hgc Bach khoa, Dai hgc Qud'c gia TP Ho Chi Minh European Commission (2003) Green Paper Entrepreneurship in Europe, Enterprise Directorate - General, Brussels Herb L Johnson and WiUiam Kilboume (1986) Assessment of relevant personal characteristics of potential entrepreneurs, Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises, 13, 1986 Mohammad Ismail et al (2009) Entrepreneurial Intention among Malaysian Undergraduates, International Journal of Business and Management, 4(10) Nikolaus Franke, Christian Luthje (2004) Entrepreneurial intentions of business students A benchmarking shidy, Intemational Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1/3, 269-288 Martijn P Driessen, Peter S Zwart (2009) The Entrepreneur Scan Measuring Characteristics and Trait of Entrepreneurs Oosterbeek, Hessel, Mujam Van Praag, and Auke Ijsselstein (2010) The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation, European Economic Review, 54 (3), 442-454 Shane & Khurana (2003) Bringing individuals back in: the effects of career experience on new firm founding Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(3), 519-543 124 Kinh te'va Dif bdo ... life dat, Tinh nhan nai va Kha nang kiem soat den tinh than khdi nghiep ciia sinh vien tai TP Hd Chi Minh Tff ket qua nghien cffu, tac gia de xua''t mdt sd''kie''n nghi giup sinh vien hieu rd minh can... nhdm, nang cao tinh nang dgng cho sinh vien Cdn Mohammad Ismail va cdng stf (2009) cho rang, neu sinh vien cd cha me lam kinh doanh, thi hg se cd tinh than khdi nghiep eao hdn Sinh vien se dffdc... de''n tinh than khdi nghiep H8: Truyen thdng cd anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep H9: Giao due ed anh hffdng dffdng den tinh than khdi nghiep HIO: Gia dinh cd anh hffdng dffdng de^n tinh