Cdng trinh Khoa hgc MOT SO PHUONG PHAP Hl/ONG DAN SFNH VIEN TU HOC CAC MON LY LUAN CHINH TRI DAP UNG YEU CAU DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI ThS NGUYEN THj THU HANG ThS NGUYEN TH! TAM Bg mdn Biedng ldi C[.]
Cdng trinh Khoa hgc MOT SO PHUONG PHAP Hl/ONG DAN SFNH VIEN TU HOC CAC MON LY LUAN CHINH TRI DAP UNG YEU CAU DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI ThS NGUYEN THj THU HANG ThS NGUYEN TH! TAM Bg mdn Biedng ldi CM cda DCSVN Klioa Lp lugn - Chinh Iri Tnrdng Bgi hoc Giao thdng Van Idi Tdm Idt: Tu hoc la mot cong viic tuang doi phirc tgp da dgng hoa, vi moi sinh vien deu CO phuang phdp hgc tdp rieng, mot thdi gian rieng cho minh Do vdy, de dua nhirng yiu cdu chung cho cdng ldc ty hoc cdc mon Ly lugn chinh tri cho sinh viin la mpi viic ldm khong di Bdi viit ndy nhdm gat y mot sojmuang phdp hirdng ddn sinh vien tu hoc cdc mon Ly ludn chinh tri dgt hieu qua cao han ddp irng yeu cdu ddo tgo Iheo hoc chi lin chi Summary: Subjects of political theory are part oJ taking shape scientific world out looking and methodology, equip knowledge ahoiil HCM ideology Revolution line ofthe Party, to orient thinking and action, lo per/eel the Youth's personality So, students not passive listen in class hut also know, access and use knowledge injaci To that, students need to have suitable methods for self - education If students not try lo study Jor them.%elves teaching subjects of political's theory will not be as good as we expect I DAT VAN DE Tu hpc cd mdt tam quan trpng dgc biet qui trinh hpc tap ciia sinh vien, la hinh thiic hpc tap khdng the thieu cua sinh vien Tu hpc la hinh thirc td chiic boat ddng nhgn thuc cd tfnh chat ca nhan, la qua trinh ngudi hpc tu td chirc hoat dpng nhgn thiic va dugc tien hanh d tren Idp hogc ngoai Idp, theo hogc khdng theo ehuang trinh va giao trinh di dupc an dinh Nd dien cdn ngdi tren ghe nha trudng va c i da tnrdng d ngoai xi hdi van de da dupc khing djnh tgi Dilu 36 Lugt giao due da di ra: "mot nhiing yeu cau cua giao due dai hpc li phai coi trpng viee bdi duong nang lire tu hpc, tu nghien ciiu, tgo dieu kien cho ngudi hpc phit trien tu sang tgo, ren luyen kT nang thuc hanh, tham gia nghien ciru iing dung " Dao tao theo tin chi ddi hdi thdi lupng tu hpc ciia sinh vien chiem 2/3 so vdi gid hpc tren Idp Td chtic hogt ddng tir hpc mgt cich hgp li, khoa hpc, cd chat lugng, hieu qua la trich nhiem khdng chi d ngudi hpc ma cung la su nghiep dao tgo ciia nha trudng, vi vgy, cac giing vien giang day cac hpc phan dupc phan cdng can phai cd bien phap hinh kT nang tu hgc cho sinh vien theo dao tgo hpc che tin chi 11 NOI DUNG I Ban chat ciia hpc che tin chi Cupc each mang ve khoa hgc vi cdng nghe tren the gidi cung nhu d Viet Nam ddi hdi giao due va nhi trudng phai chuyen bien theo cho phii hpp Trong thdi dgi biing nd thdng tin, thj trudng lao ddng ddi hdi nha Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO T H N G VAN TAI S6 43 - 09/2013 85 Cdng trinh Khoa hgc trudng phai dio tgo nhiing ngudi nang ddng, cd nang thich irng nhanh nhay vdi bien ddi khdng ngirng ciia cudc sdng Hp phai cd kha nang tu hpc, tu nghien ctiu de cap nhat thdng tin, nhat la khdng cdn ngdi tren ghe nha trudng Do do, nhi trudng phai trang bj cho ngudi hpc phuang phap tu hpc, tu nghien ciiu Dd Ii ly ma Bd Giio due va Dao tgo di c6 quylt djnh so 43/2007/OD-BGDDT 15 thing nim 2007 ve viec ban hanh "Quy chl dio tgo dai hpc va cao dang he chinh quy theo he thdng tin chi" - day dupc coi la budc dpt pha chiln lupc nham nang cao chat lugng dao tgo bgc dai hgc, cao dang d nudc ta Ban chit hpc che tin chi la dao tao theo nhu cau ngudi hpc Ngudi hoc tu xay dung muc tieu hpc tap rdi tu chpn mdn hpc de thuc hien muc tieu dl thdng qua ke hoach hgc tap tu lip Khi do, hogt dpng dao tao chuyen tir day lam chinh sang hpc lam chinh ~ ngudi hpc chit ddng chiem ITnh kien thirc - ky nang vi phim chit cho minh De thuc hien dugc dieu ddi hdi mdi sinh vien can phat huy nang luc tu hpc, tu nghien ctiu eho ban than Tu hpc, tu nghien cuu la mpt nhiing xu the cita thdi dgi Day cung li chii truang ctia Ding, ciia Bd Giio due va Dao tgo va dupc cu the hda Luat Giao due "Cai tiln phuang phip giing day va hoc tap theo hudng tich cue hda hogt ddng hgc tap, phit huy tinh chu dpng, sing tao vi nang luc tu hpc ciia hpc sinh " (NQ TW2 - Luat Giio due) Sinh vien cd phit huy dugc ning luc tu hgc, tu nghien ciiu mdi hieu siu, nhd lau kiln thtic Chinh qui trinh nay, tu dgc lap, tu phe phin, tu sang tao dirpc nd va phat trien Yeu cau cua viec hpc tap cic mdn Ly luan chinh tri Cic mdn Ly luan chinh tn gdp phin hinh thanh, bdi dudng cho sinh vien the gidi quan, % phuong phap luan khoa hpc, trang bi nhirng kiln thirc ca bin ve tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, dudng ldi cich mgng cua Dang ta, gdp phan dinh hudng suy nghT hinh dpng vi hoin thien nhan each cho thi he tre Vi viy, sinh vien din Idp khdng phai de nghe nhi"rng Idi diln giang mdt chieu many linh chii quan nhat djnh tu ngudi day, ma qua nhitng kiln thirc dd, sinh vien nhin thirc, danh gia va van dung vao thue tien nhu the nao? De dgt hieu qua, ngoai vec nghe giing tren Idp sinh vien phii c6 phuang phap phii hop de tu hoc tu nghien ctiu Tu hpc li mdt cdng viec tuang ddi phiic tgp, da dang hda, vi mdi sinh vien deu co phuong phap hpc tip rieng, mpt thdi gian rieng eho minh Do viy, de dua nhung yeu cau chung cho cdng tic tu hpc ctia sinh vien la mpt viec lam khdng de Hon the nCra, tam li chung vdi ddi tugng sinh vien cac chuyen nganh thudc khdi tu nhien - kT thuat thudng nggi cac mdn khoa hpc xa hdi - nhan van ndi chung vi cic mdn Ly lugn chinh tri ndi rieng vi CO nhieu chit, mpt phan khdng thudc sd trudng, phin khac quj thdi gian cang eo hep, viec hpc cac hoc phan thudng chiem nhieu thdi gian Do vgy bio cao nay, viec xic djnh cac phuang phap hudng dan cho sinh vien tu hgc cic mdn ly luan chinh tri dugc tic gia dgc biet quan tam Mot so phuo'ng phap hudng dan sinh vien tu- hoc hieu qua cac mon Ly luan chinh tri dap irng yeu cau dao tao theo hpc che tin chi Day phuang phap tu hgc cho sinh vien d cic mon Khoa hpc tu nhien - KT thugt da dugc dinh hinh tit lau bing nhu'ng yeu ciu cu the r6 rang nhu thuc hanh bii tap, ve so do., Cdn ddi vdi cic mdn thugc ITnh vuc xa hpi nhan van khdng he dl ding Tir die thii ciia ITnh vuc chuyen nganh xi hdi, tir yeu cau ciia viec Tgp chi KHOA H O C GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 43 - 09/2013 Cdng trinh Khoa hoc hpc tap cac mdn Ly luin chinh trj qua nghien ciru cac tai lieu ve phuang phap dgy hpc vi thuc te giing day, tac gia dua mdt sd phuang phip hudng dan tu hpc hieu qua cac mdn Ly lugn chinh trj cho sinh vien: Hirdng ddn sinh vien tir hgc tru&c den ldp Tren ca sd dl cuong mdn hpc, vio dau mdi hpc phan giio vien can hudng dan sinh vien lap ke hogch hgc tap phii hpp vdi dieu kien ciia minh Tit nhien cd thi dilu chinh dieu kien thay ddi, quan triet de sinh vien hieu rd: mpi ke hogch phai dupc xay dung tren nhung muc tieu cu the vi hoan toin phin dau thuc hien dugc Viee sir dung vi tan dung tot quj thdi gian cung cin dupc dat de sinh vien khdng phii bi ddng trudc khdi lupng mdn hpc ciing nhu ap lire cdng viec Di thuc hi^n dupc bi?n phap giang vien can phai tien hanh cac cdng viec cu the sau' - Xic dinh npi dung tu hoc - Xic djnh thir tu cac cdng viec can lam - Phin phdi sip xip thdi gian cho tirng cdng vi?c mdt each hgp ly phii hgp vdi dieu kien phuang tien vat chat hien cd ciia nha trudng T\r dieu chinh ke hoach cd nhung nhiem vu hpc mdi Ddi vdi mdi chuang, mdi bai hpc, giio vien phii hudng dan sinh vien hpc tap chu dao, chuin bj trudc bii hpc d nhi, den ldp se hpc tip tam thi chii ddng, khdng phai mat thdi gian vao "lam quen" vdi bai hpc mdi, Sinh vien cd the nhanh chdng nam bat kien thtic mdi, cd the de dang ban tri Idi cac cau hdi ciia giang vien so vdi chua suy nghT, chua tilp can van de, cd thi tu trinh bay nhirng ndi dung da nghien ciiu trudc d nha vi cd the phin bien cac ndi dung ma giao vien trinh bay Hudng dan hpc tap khdng chi bang ldi ndi cita giang vien tren Idp, nhat la ddi vdi nhu^ng sinh vien y thiic hpc tap chua cao va cudi gid hpc, tam the thudng kem tap trung Do viy cin tirdng minh hda hudng din dd bang van ban Song song vdi tung bai, tirng tuan can thiet ke he thdng ciu hdi hoic chi dan giiip sinh vien tu tim hieu bai trudc du hpc d Idp Cd the cudi bii trudc chuyen cho sinh vien cau hdi hudng din tu hpe eho bai sau nhung tdt nhat la chuyen eho Idp loan bd he thdng hudng dan hpc hpc phin cimg vdi he thdng tai lieu tham khao tii' budi len Idp dau tien Sinh vien se hoin toan chii ddng viec bd tri thdi gian tu hpc tren ndi dung yeu cau ciia giang vien Trong hudng dan hpc can chi rd ca nhan lam viec vdi nhiem vu gi, nhdm can chuan bi gi, tir dd hp phan cdng nhiem vu, tim tii lieu, tip trinh bay Tien them mot bud'c nda, cin quy dinh tat ca ndi dung tu hpc, bao gdm, ket qui ghi chep dpe giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, thu thap bii bio khoa hgc tranh anh Men quan den hpc phan can dugc tap hpp lgi lam hd so tu hgc hoc phin, luu tru- lau dai, lam hinh irang cho sinh vien trudng, lim viec Giing vien cd the kiem tra viee tu hpc ciia sinh vien qua hd sa tu hgc va dinh gia nd bang cpt diem chuyen can, Hirdng ddn cdch nghe gidng vd ghi chep theo tinh thdn ttr hgc Nghe giang va ghi chep la nhirng kT nang ma cung phai sii' dung qui trinh hpc tap Trinh dd nghe va ghi chep ciia ngudi hpc khdng gidng d nhiing mdn hpc khac Nd anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 43 - 09/2013 87 Ct'tng trinh Khoa hoc hpc tap Mdi ngudi deu phai tu minh ren luyen thdi quen ghi chep de cd the cd dupc nhiJng thdng tin can thiet ve mdn hpc Vdi cac mdn ly lugn chinh trj thudng ed dung lugng cau chCr nhieu, viec vira chii y theo ddi de tiep nhin thdng tin vira mong mudn ghi chep that day dii khiln ddi liic trd mot thich ldn, dgc biet ddi vdi sinh vien khdi kT thuat Cic em thudng mang Idi hpc thu ddng, quen tich viec nghe va ghi chep khdi nhau, tham chi nhieu sinh vien chi chd giang vien dgc mdi cd the ghi chep dupc ndi dung bii hpc, neu ngugc lai thi dinh bd trdng vd khien tim li bj tic che anh hudng den qui trinh tiep nhan kien thiic Vi vgy dieu quan trpng trudc tien la giang vien cin truyln dat cho sinh vien nhung nguyen tie chinh ciia hoat ddng nghe - ghi ch^p Doi vdi nlwing ndi dung quan trong, giang vien se nhin manh bing cich ndi cham, lap di Igp lai nhieu lan, de sinh vien cd the tiep nhgn vi ghi chep Hogc cd nhiing ndi dung thay vi phai dien dgt bang cau chii dii ddng giao vien cd thi sa hda lgi mpt each de hilu Hudng dan sinh vien ghi chep nhanh bing cic hinh thtic vilt tit, ggch chin cac y chinh Ngoai ra, qui trinh hgc tip tren Idp, neu cd van de nio khdng hieu de nghi sinh vien can danh dau de hdi sau giing vien ngirng giang nham dao siu kien thirc va tiet kiem thdi gian Mudn tgo dieu kien cho sinh vien nghe giing va ghi chep tdt, giang vien cin luu y: - Ndi dung bai giang phai mdi me, thilt thuc, can thiet cd the tgo nhiing tlnh hudng gii dinh yeu ciu sinh vien suy nghT phan bi?n, - Cic cau hdi, van de dit gid giing phii cd su chpn Ipc kT ludng, tgp trung vao trpng tim bai hgc nhu mdt cich phat tin hieu cho sinh vien xic djnh ndi dung chinh Dua vio bii giang nhirng tinh hudng li thil, nhung miu chuyen sinh dpng lay tir thuc tl cd lien quan true tiep den ddi sdng hay ITnh vuc chuyen nganh ctia tirng ddi tugng sinh vien de gay su chu y ciing nhu tgo cam giac hirng thii cho ngudi hpc, - Sau hoic giing bai cd the yeu ciu sinh vien tu dgt nhirng cau hdi, tinh hudng sat vdi ndi dung bai hpc de thay ddi khdng khi, tang cudng sir chu y cua ca ldp - Su truyen cam mgch Igc Idi giang cung li dieu cd y nghTa thu hiit su chit y ciia ngudi hoc Tat ca nhung cdng viec mudn thyc hien tdt phai cd sir phdi hpp nhip nhing in y eua ci thay vi trd Trong dd thay ddng vai tro chii dao viec hudng dan td chiic cdn tro vdi tu each la chit the tich cue chii dpng sang tao ca ITnh hpi tri thuc lan ren luyen kT nang va bdc Id quan diem, that dp Kiem tra ddnh gid thirdiig xuyen y thur va nhgn thtic ciia sinh vien qud trinh t^-hgc Ket qua tu hgc ciia sinh vien can dupc the hien, dupc ban vi thiy nhgn xet, gdp y danh gia Do vay, dgy hpc bai mdi giang vien can to chiic kiem tra phan chuan bj d nha cua sinh vien Tuy nhien vdi each kiem tra nay, mdi chi danh gia dupe so lupc y thirc chuan bj eiia sinh vien chir chua dinh gia dupc nhin thuc cua sinh vien Mpt bien phap khac de kiem tra nhan thtic ctia sinh vien li cho sinh vien bao cao ket qui tu hpc bing viec thuyet trinh trudc lap, Cd the nang din yeu cau thuyet trinh de nang din trinh dp, kT nang hpc tap cua sinh vien: khdng dpc trudc tii lieu den cd dpc trudc nhung khdng cd hudng din; cd dpc trudc theo hudng dan cua giing vien; cd dpc trudc theo Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 43 - 09/2013 Cdng trinh Khoa hoc hudng dan ciia giing vien vi chuan bj trinh bay trudc Idp bang Idi; trinh biy phdi hpp ghi bing cho den muc phdi hpp trinh biy qua phuang tien hien dgi nhu may chieu vdi chuang trinh Power Point, lam chii cac slide hogc cic phuong tien chuyen nganh khic Qua viec tu hpc cd hudng dan ren luyen each trinh bay trudc Idp sinh vien tien bd len rit nhieu Hg cd kT nang dpc - hieu tai lieu, hg nam dugc phuang phap nghien ciru vdi su hd trp ctia thay; cd kT ning lam vi^c nhdm; cd kT nang ve cdng ngh? thdng tin, internet; hp cd pham chat can cii, nghiem tuc, khdng > lgi, trdng chd, chti ddng tich cue vi sing tga Tuy nhien, hgn che cua phuang phip kiem tra dinh gii tren nam d chd: thudng chi ap dung vdi nhutig Idp hpc cd quy md nhd (30 - 40 sinh vien) vi chi dinh gii dugc mdt bp phan nhd sinh vien mi thdi Ddt vdi nhiing Idp ddng sinh vien han va de cd the dinh gia duge \' thire cung nhu nhgn thirc ciia toan bo sinh vien, theo tdi cin cd nhiing bii kiem tra nhanh - phut thudng la vao cudi gid giing hay thao lugn dudi hinh thirc trae nghiem hay tu lugn ngin hoic ket hgp ci hai Thuc te qua trinh giing day, tdi nhan thay bien phap thuc sir rit hieu qua viec phan hda sinh vien Sinh vien nio chuan bj bai tdt, cham ehii nghe giang, tich cue thio luin thudng dgt diem eao va ngupc lai Nhu vgy hudng dan sinh vien tu hgc chu dao, kien tri thuc hien bai giang d Idp tren co sd sinh vien da chuan bj d nha, td chiie eac hoat ddng hpc tap sinh ddng d ldp, cung nhu thudng xuyen kiem tra dinh gia cho hp cd rat nhieu Ipi ich vi vgy cin quin triet tinh than vao timg hpc phin, tirng mdn hpc chii khdng rieng gi cac mdn Ly luan chinh trj [II KET LUAN Hien na>, cac trudng dgi hpe, mdt bd phin kha Idn sinh vien cdn thu ddng viec tiep nhan tri thtic Phuang phap hpc tap nhit li phuang phap tu hpc ludn la bii toan khd cho khdng it sinh vien ke ca sinh vien nim cudi Bdi le, nd khdng chi cin thiet cho sinh vien cdn ngdi tren ghe nhi trudng mi ca trudng hda nhap vdi xa hpi, sudt cudc ddi Khi tu hpc, mdi sinh vien hoan loan cd dieu kien de tu nghien ngim nhung van de niy sinh hpc tap theo mdt phong each rieng vdi nhiing yeu ciu vi dieu kien thich hpp Dieu dd khdng chi giiip ban thin sinh vien nam dupe van de mot each chac chan va ben vUng; chii dpng bdi duang phuang phap hpc tip vi kT ning van dung tri thirc ma cdn la djp tdt de ren luyen > chi va ning luc hoat ddng dpc lap sang tgo Dd la nhung pham chat mi ehi cd chinh ban than sinh vien tu ren luyen kien tri mdi cd duge, khdng mdt ed the cung cip hay lam thay cho minh Tir dd, de nhan thiy ring: ciing vdi ddi hdi ctia xu the hdi nhip toin ciu tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc va vdi mpt xa hpi day bien ddng nhu xa hdi nudc ta ve sir dung lao dpng, tien luong, su dai ngd va qui trinh dao tgo cang di vao chieu sau thuc chat thi hoat ddng dgy hpc, die biet la day cich hgc chic chin se tim dugc sir ddng thuan cao cita cpng ddng va la manh dat tdt cho bit ki cd kbit vpng hpc tip sudt ddi Tii lieu tham khao [1] Trdn Bd Hodnh, Thing 7/1998, Vj tri cua lu hpc tu dao tao qua trinh day hoc giao due vi dao tao Tap chi Nghien ciiu giao due [2] Luu Xudn Mdi, 2001, Phucmg phip day hpc dai hoc, NXB Giao due [3] Li Due Ngoc, Thing 8/2004, Day each hpc mot nhihig giai phap nang cao chat lugng dao tao dai hpc Tap chi Day va hoc ngiy [4], va Van Tdo, Thing 4/2001, Hoc vi day each hpc, Tap chi Tu hpc [5] PSG IS bang Xudn Hai, 2011, KT ihuat dgy hoc dao tao theo hpc che tin chi, NXB Bach khoa Ha Noi* Phan bien: TS Nguyin Thi Tuyet Mai Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 43 - 09/2013 ... 40 sinh vien) vi chi dinh gii dugc mdt bp phan nhd sinh vien mi thdi Ddt vdi nhiing Idp ddng sinh vien han va de cd the dinh gia duge '' thire cung nhu nhgn thirc ciia toan bo sinh vien, theo. .. cho sinh vien cdn ngdi tren ghe nhi trudng mi ca trudng hda nhap vdi xa hpi, sudt cudc ddi Khi tu hpc, mdi sinh vien hoan loan cd dieu kien de tu nghien ngim nhung van de niy sinh hpc tap theo. .. qua cac mdn Ly lugn chinh trj cho sinh vien: Hirdng ddn sinh vien tir hgc tru&c den ldp Tren ca sd dl cuong mdn hpc, vio dau mdi hpc phan giio vien can hudng dan sinh vien lap ke hogch hgc tap phii