(JhuMui 1 nam 2015 Nghien cOu khoa hoc XAY DLTNG THANG DANH GlA N A N G LIJC TU DUY PHE PHAN HOA HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG Designing an evaluating scale on high school students'''' critical thinlcing in[.]
(JhuMui -1 nam 2015 Nghien cOu khoa hoc XAY DLTNG THANG DANH GlA N A N G LIJC TU DUY PHE PHAN HOA HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG Designing an evaluating scale on high school students' critical thinlcing in Chemistry o ThS, Trinh Le Hdng Phurmg Trudng Bai hgc Sir pham TP.HCM o ThS Dodn Nggc Anh Tru'dng Dgi hgc Bgc Lieu Vi^c phdt trien ndng lire tuduy phe phdn hoa hoc (TDPPHH) la mot nhung gidi phdp tdi iru giup hoc sinh co cdi nhin chinh xdc, sdu rong vi bdn chdt cua cdc ddi lirang hoa hoc Bdi bdo ndy gidi thieu thang ddnh gid TDPPHH cho hoc sinh dira tren ca sd li luuu ve khdi niem, cdu true, mirc bieu hien cua nang krc TDPPHH vd tudn theo 05 nguyen tdc, 05 buac cua qui trinh xdy dung thang ddnh gid nang luc Tir khoa: Ndng luc, tie phe plidn, thang ddnh gid ndng lire, hda hpe ABSTRACT Developing students 'critical thinking in Chemistry is one ofthe most effective solutions to help the students gain insights into the nature of chemical objects This paper introduces the evaluating scale on students 'critical thinking in chemistry, based on reasoning about the concepts, structures, levels of critical thinking performance Five principles and five steps of building a grading scale are also strictly followed Keywords: Competence, critical thinking, grading system for competence, chemistry \ DAT VAN D E Hda hoc la mdn khoa hoc thyc nghiem nghia Id mpi hpe thuydt, djnh lugt, khdi niem, quan niem ddu xuat phat tu cdc hien tugng, thi nghiem, qui trinh sdn xudt thyc td Vi vgy dd hpe tap va nghidn ciiu hda hgc, ngudi hgc phdi cd nhiing kT ndng: quan sdt, phan tich, ddnh gid, phdn dodn, van dung hgp Ii cac kidn thuc hda hgc dd cho nhirng kdt qud chinh xdc vd khoa hgc Do phdt trien nang lyc TDPPHH la mdt nhiing gidi phdp tdi uu giiip hgc sinh ren luyen cac kl nang tren vd cd cdi nhin chinh xac, sdu rdng ve ban chat eua cdc ddi tugng hda hgc Xuit phdt tir H trdn vd yeu cau ddi mdi gido due theo hudng phdt trien todn dien ndng lyc, p h i m chit ngudi hpe ma Nghj quydt 29 (khda XI) da xdc djnh, xdy dung thang ddnh gid dd ludng sy phdt trien ndng luc TDPPHH cua hpe sinh phd thdng la vide lam rat can thiet GIAI QUYET VAN DE 2.1 Tong quan ve nang Ivrc TDPPHH THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC Q Nghien cOu khoa ht?c 'Jhdtt^ ndtit 2015 2.1.1 Khai niem nang lyc TDPPHH Theo Trdn Thj Tuyet Oanh '-'Ndng luc tu phe phdn Id khd ndng ddnh gid cua ngudi, the hien sir tuang tdc tich cue cua ngudi ve the gidi xung quanh" [3] Trdn co sd va tinh chat ddc thii ciia bd mdn Hda hgc, chiing tdi quan nidm rdng: ''Ndng luc TDPPHH Id khd ndng thijrc hien cdc thao tdc tir (phdn tich, tdng hpp, so sdnh, khdi qudt hda, trim tuang hoa) de dua nhimg nhgn xet, ket lugn vd phuang dn gidi quyet tdi uu doi vdi cdc vdn de ndy sinh qud trinh hpe tap vd nghien cuu bd mon Hoa hpe" Day la mdt nhirng ndng lyc ddi hdi sy nd luc cao ciia hogt ddng tri dc, ddng thdi la co sd dd hgc sinh tidn tdi qua trinh ty gido dye d ede bac hoc cao hon 2.1.2 ciu tnic nang lyc TDPPHH Dua tren khdi nidm ndng lyc TDPPHH, chuong trinh Hda hgc phd thdng, kdt qua cita vide phan tich tdng hgp y kidn cua 56 hgc vidn cao hge chuydn nganh "'Li ludn va Phuong phap dgy hgc bd mdn Hda hgc" khda 23 (2013 - 2015); khda 24 (2014 - 2016) trudng Dai hgc Su pham (DHSP) TPHCM vd 15 ehuyen gia ngdnh "Li lugn vd Phuang phap day hgc bd mdn Hda hgc" d cac trudng DHSP Hd Ndi, DHSP TPHCM, DHSP Hud chung tdi dd xdc djnh hai cdu triic cua nang lyc TDPPHH nhu sau: a Neu tiep can chuong trinh Hda hoc phd thdng dya vao ngi dung thi nang lyc TDPPHH gdm: ndng luc sir dung ngdn ngii hda hpe, ndng lyc vgn dung kidn thiic hda hpe, nang lyc thyc hdnh hda hpe Chiing tdi gpi day la cau tnic ddng ddng ciia ndng luc TDPPHH b Ndu tidp can chuang trinh Hda hgc dua vao ket qua ddu hay edn gpi la tidp can theo djnh hudng phdt tridn ndng luc ngudi hgc thi ndng lyc TDPPHH gdm: ndng lyc phdn tich van dd hda hpe, ndng lyc ddnh gia vdn de hda hge, nang lue giai quydt van dd hda hgc Chiing tdi gpi day la cdu true he thdng cua nang lyc TDPPHH Trong dd: Ndng luc phdn tich vdn de hda hgc la khd ndng phdt hien ban chat mdi lien he giiia cac ddi tugng cac van dd hda hoc khde dya trdn kien thiic ciia tat ca bd mdn Ndng life ddnh gid vdn de lida Iigc la khd nang sii dung eac lugn cii khoa hgc de bdo ve quan diem, nhdn djnh ciia ban than, tic dua nhiing kdt ludn cd gia tri vd van dd hda hgc dang xet Ndng lgc gidi quyet vdn di hda hgc la kha ndng phdi hien vd thuc hidn sdng tao cac phuong dn khde phuc nhirng hgn chd cdn tdn tgi ben vin dd hda hgc 2.1.3 Cac bidu hidn cua ndng luc TDPPHH Dya trdn eg sd cua vide xdc djnh ciu tnic ndng luc TDPPHH, dac didm tdm sinh ly ciia hpe sinh phd thdng, chuong trinh Hda hpe phd thdng cung vdi vide sii dung phuang phap chuydn gia, chiing tdi da xdc djnh cac bidu hidn cua ndng lyc TDPPHH nhu sau: ^ THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC Nghien cilu khoa hpe 'Jhaiui -t iiani 2015 Bang 1: Cac biiu hien cua nang lire TDPPHH Cac ndng luc thdnh phdn Ndng luc phdn tich van dd hda hpe Ndng luc ddnh gid vdn de hda hgc Cac bieu hidn - Nhdn quy ludt hogt ddng ben vin dd hda hgc 2- Dat cdu hdi lien quan den van dd hda hpe dang xet 3- Gidi thich van dd hda hoc 4- Xdc djnh nhimg hgn che can khac phuc 5- Bdo vd quan diem, nhdn djnh cua bdn than 6- Kdt luan ve van dd hda hpe dang xet 7- Dd xudt cdc gid thidt khoa hgc khde 8- Xay dyng ke hogeh gidi quyet Nang lyc gidi quydt 9- Thuc hidn kd hogeh ddc lap, sdng tao van dd hda hgc 10- Tu dieu chinh ke hogeh thue hidn gidi quydt van de khdng cdng 2.2 Co sd khoa hoc ctia viec xay dvng thang danh gia nang luc TDPPHH cho hoc sinh thdng 2.2.1 Muc dich xdy dung thang danh gia nang lyc TDPPHH De dam bdo cho vide danh gia dugc khach quan, chinh xdc thi vide xay dyng thang can hudng den cdc muc dich sau: a Ddi vdi gido vien ' Xdc djnh nhung muc tidu dgy hgc can dgt sau mdi giai doan dgy hgc - Dua nhiing ket ludn, nhgn djnh chinh xac, diy du ve sy phdt tridn ndng lyc TDPPHH cua hgc sinh - Kjp thdi phdt hi§n nhihig cd gdng, tien bg ciia hpe sinh, tir dd dua nhQng ldi d^ng vidn, khich l§ vd hudng din cdc em vugt qua nhiing khd khdn cdc hogt dgng hgc tgp - Bk xuit cdc bi^n phdp phdt trien ndng lyc TDPPHH phii hgp cho timg doi tugng hgc sinh phd thdng b Ddi vdi hpe sinh Cd thd xem thang ddnh gia nhu Id mgt cdng cu ho trg ddc lyc cho hgc sinh vide: - Ty nhdn xet, ddnh gid vd kha nang TDPPHH eiia bdn thdn dua tren cac miic dp bidu hidn dd dugc the hien thang - Nhdn dugc khodng cdch giiia nang luc ban thdn vdi ydu cau eiia gido vien ddt ra, tir dd dua nhiing hanh ddng cu the dd cd ging vugt qua XHONG TIN KHOA HOC GUO DUC Nghien cCtii khoa hgc cjhdntf ndtit 2015 - Dinh hudng, didu chinh hogt ddng hdnh vi chu thd qud trinh hgc tap 2.2.2 Nguydn tic xay dung thang ddnh gid nang lyc TDPPHH Bi dinh hudng cho vide xdy dung thang ddnh gid ndng lyc TDPPHH chiing tdi da dua mdt sd nguyen tdc sau: Nguyen tdc L Ddm bdo tinh he thong vd khoa hgc Day la nguyen tdc chung, bdt bupc ddi vdi tat ca cac nang lyc hgc tap ciia hoc sinh phd thdng Theo do, cdu tnic cua thang danh gid miic dp bidu hidn nang luc TDPPHH phai logic rd rdng, cd su tuong quan hgp li giiia cde thdnh phdn cua ndng luc TDPPHH Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh khdch quan Ddnh gia mgt cdch khdch quan chinh xac se Iam hoc sinh thda man vd mat tinh thdn, kich thich tinh tich cyc hpe tap, eung ed uy tin, Idng tin ydu cua hgc sinh ddi vdi gido vien De dam bdo tinh khdch quan xay dyng thang danh gid nang lyc TDPPHH can chii y mdt sd didm sau: - Cau tnic thang phdi ro rang, cdc lieu chi ddnh gid phai phan anh day dii sy phdt trien ndng lyc TDPPHH - Cdn bdm sdt muc tieu chuong trinh Hda hgc phd thdng dd xay dung eac tieu chi danh gia - Tir ngii dugc dung thang ddnh gid cdn de hidu va chinh xdc vd mat khoa hoc Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh supligm Nguyen lac dat viec chpn lya cac tidu chi ddnh gia phai phii hgp vdi ddc diem tam li va kha ndng nhdn thurc cua hgc sinh phd thdng Theo nguyen tic ndy, cdc tieu chi danh gia ndng luc TDPPHH cdn dugc phan tan va sap xep theo thu ty td don gidn den phdc tap; tir cdi cu the den khai qudt, tdng quat hon Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh thucc tiin Nguyen tdc yeu ciu xdy dung thang ddnh gid ndng lyc TDPPHH phai xuSt phdt tir viec tim hidu, phdn tich, danh gid thuc trang dgy hgc hda hgc d cdc trudng phd thdng Ngodi ra, cdc tidu chi ddnh gid md chiing tdi xay dung ludn di tir nhimg yeu cau, nguyen tic, qui trinh ddnh gia ndng lyc hgc tgp mdn Hda hgc cua hgc sinh tnrdng phd thdng hien Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh da dgng vd todn dien Sy da dang cdc tieu chi ddnh gid se giup cho vide hinh thdnh vd phdt tridn ndng luc TDPPHH d hgc sinh dgt hidu qud cao Qk ddm bao nguyen tdc nay, chiing tdi da van dung quan didm he thdng - ciu triie vao vide xay dyng thang ddnh gia muc dp bidu hien ndng luc TDPPHH cho hoc sinh phd thdng nghia Id 3-4 tieu ehi se ddnh gia mdt ndng lyc phdn cua ndng lyc TDPPHH Tit cd tidu chi ddnh gid thang ludn ed mdi quan he chat chd vdi nhau, ddng vai tro danh gia todn dien ndng luc TDPPHH ciia hpe sinh phd thdng 2.2.3 Qui trinh xdy dung thang danh gia nang lyc TDPPHH Q THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC 7/,