Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
DeUfmlj^ S612 2015 CIAO DUCO NUCIC NGOAI 57 QUYEN LUC MEM CHfNH SACH CUA HOA KY VA CAI CACH GIAO DUC DAI HOC A VIET NAM • • • • (Kin MARY BETH MARKLEI NCS George Mason University TS MAI VAN TINH Ban n[.]
DeUfmlj^ 57 S612-2015 CIAO DUCO NUCIC NGOAI QUYEN LUC MEM - CHfNH SACH CUA HOA KY VA CAI CACH GIAO DUC DAI HOC A VIET NAM (Kin • • • • MARY BETH MARKLEI NCS George Mason University TS MAI VAN TINH Ban nghiin cflu & phan tich ehinh saeh thupc Hifp hpi cic trfldng DH & CD Vift Nam GIGllTHlIU Hoa I ^ v l Vift Nam efi chung didi diera bat hfia vl dau thfldng troi^ lidi sfi, nhflng thdi gian da trfii qua ke tfl cufic ehiln tranh d Vift Nam ehim dflt nam 1975, cflng vfii nhflng tdc ddng cfla toin cau hoa, i ^ y hdm d l dem hai nfldc tid Igi vdi nhau, Mfla he nim 2015 dlnh diu 20 nim k^ nifm blnh thfldng hda quan hf gifla Hoa I ^ v l Vift Nam, GDDH d l ttd dianh phfldng tifn chfi ylu d l hai nfldc tim nhtog dau mdi tiln Iln va vupt qua dupe qui khfl Cliang hgn, moi nam h i i ^ i^hin sinh vien \^f t Nam dflpc tuyen vio hpc cic dgi hpc v i cao dang d Hoa I^, \4 ele k l hogch dai^ chuyin dfing d l thinh ^ Dgi hpe Fulbright Vift Nam dfla tren mfi hhih GDDH Hoa Y^ Tiong tiln Uinh hpi nhgp siu hdn vdi Hoa I ^ (vl vdi phan edn Igi efia thi gidi) dfla la cd hpi ning cao thjnh vflpng kinh le va x l hfii eho Vift Nara, nd cflng tgo cic dilu ki|n chin mudi cho chfi nghia thfle din kilu radi (1*) Bdi viet niy khai thac dpi^ Iflc thuc day gifla Vift Nam v i Hoa Kj- Vift Nara cdi each hf thong GDDH cfia minh Dilu chfing td Vift Nara tfi lau da rad efia hpe tap vk dp dyng j tfldng cua cac nfldc - miln li cic y hidng v i quan nifm dd cd lpi v l cd the thich nghi dflpc vdi vdn hda npi dja (2*) Doi^ thdi, nfi cfing diay d e chinh sdch vd thflc tiln nfldc ngoii efia Hoa I ^ an siu vio cdc y nifm chfi nghia ngogi If My (3*) Nhfl i^y i ^ d i Mytirongcdc dgi hpe cfia minh d l tin diac ring GDDH Hoa k^ dflpe md td nhfl " t h ^ ngi tren thi gidi" Nhfli^ khic bift niy tgo sfl cang thai^ ma famieson railu td nhfl: Vift Nam la mfit nfldc tfl lau da kit lugn rang ed mpt via "dch radi cfia phfldng Tay cfi thi cd gil trj d l md phdng" (trang.59), Hoa I ^ Igi 11 nfldc qud sin s i i ^ gii thilt rang cic nfldc khac dang gidi^ mudn hay phii gifing nhfl nfldc mmh" (4*), Mye dich bdi viet nhim xlc l|p giai doan khai thic sau hdn vl quan nifm efing tde giao Iflu van hda C D D H da tiln tiiln sudt may thgp ky qua nhfl thi nio vd cd the dflpe hinh dung Igi Nhfing tim tdi rflt tfl dfl hfu sd elp vd thfi cap, cic bdo cao trin phfldng tifn thdng tin dgi chflng vd phfing vin trflc tilp cac n h i ^ a o dye quin ly, hpc gii, nhi nghiin cdu GDDH Vift Nara, va ck cflu quan diflc ehinh phfi, nhflng ngfldi trflc tiep nghien cflu v i ban hlnh chinh sach GDDH tfl thdi ky Doi mdi 1986, chinh sach chfl ylu da dfla Vift Nara ehuyen tfl nen kinh ti kilra sodt t% trung sang nen kinh tl thj trfldng djnh hfldng xa hpi chfi nghla Bdi CANH VA CAC OjNH NGHTA GDDH dang trd thdnh flu tiln hing diu doi vdi cdc nfldc dang phittirilnvi nd la nin ting eho cd hdi cfia nen ldnh tl tri thflc - ddi vdi ci cae ei nhan cfing nhfl cdc nflfic rili^ 11 Sy xult hifn nen ldnh tetiridifle cung tgo thj trfldng radi eho cdc nha cung d p GDDH d eac nfldc cfing nghifp, gom el Hoa KJ: Nhu eau GDDH tren todn clu tang Iln b ^ tic ddng cfia toin cau hda, mfit quan nifm khfi ndm bat m i y nghia efia nd edn dang ed nhilu tranh cai Xft tfi buih difn GDDH, Altbach, Reisbeig vi Rumbley dfla mfit djnh nghw kha trung lgp nfii toin elu hda la "mdt hifn thflc dflpc hinh thdnh bdi nen kinh te toan cau, thfing tin mdi vl thfing tin liln ^c i^ly cing tich hpp, xult hifn mgng tii thflc thi gidi, [vl] vai trfi cfia tilng Anh" Trong hp lgp lugn iang d c xu thi "nam i^odi sfl kilra soil efia cae cd sd dao tgo hin lira" (trang 7), (5*) thi ele ehinh phfi vi cdc cd sd ddo tgo Igi dang phin flng vdi loan elu hda nhfl mfit van de ehinh sleh Qudc tl hda dfldc dung nhfl thugt ngfl di md t i sfl phan u[ng niy, va nfi Ifii klo phoi^ trio xuyin quoc gia bai^ d c h kit hdp sinh viln, giao viln vi d c chflPng trinh, vin bing va cd sd dio tgo (6*) Gan hen vdi toin cau hda vi qufic tl hfia li ele quan nifm vl chfi nghla tfl mdi va chfi nghia difle ddn mdi Chfi nghia ty mdi, mfit thuylt kinh te nghieng vl thj trudng tfl vl ty thUPng mgi xuat hifn vao thip k^ 70s, dflpc cfing co vio t h ^ ky' 80s thfing qua cdc ehinh sleh Tong thfing Hoa ky Ronald Reagan vi Thfi tiidng Anh Ma^aret Thatcher ban hdnh difii dd Dfii vdi GDDH, chfi nghla tii mcA dflpc tiqi tye hdtirpbcfi GATS, Hifp djnh thfldng mgi efia WTO cd hieu lyc tfi 1995 ldm cho GDDH trd thinh hang hfia trao doi, Nhfihg ngfldi ung hp chfi nghia tfl rafii eho rai^ ty thfldng mgi cdi tiln cd hfii tiidnh cong eho tat ca d e nfldc tiiam gia thj tnidng todn d u (7*), nhflng i ^ d i phf phin Igi eho rang thjtirfldnghda ldm tang nhanh sfl xa rcri cdc nguyin tac dan chfl xa hpi vl tiln tdi it cdng b l i ^ xd hpi hdn, djnh hfldng nhieu vio tinh hifu qui hdn (8*) NhQng ngfldi phin ddi cung ndi cdc dieu kien ti^ mdi tgo rafii trflimg cho diu i^hia tfl mdi ma Altbach vd Kelly xlc dinh la tgo "cdc chinh sdch cfi S612-2015 Dflft/wjjot 58 chfi y cfia nhflng nfldc cdng nghifp hda de til sfl thfing trj cfla hp" (trang 30) (1*) Hp gin nhfli^ chinh sdch ndy vdo ede chlnh sich vifn trp nfldc ngodi nhfl vifn tip tdi chinh vi tfl vSn ky thugt Trong khdo sit mdi dly cfia minh vi ck chfldng trinh hd tirp tfl nudc ngodi d dilu Phi, SamofFvi Carrol nhgn xet ilng ngfin ngfl xui^ quanh vifn trp nfldc i^oai dflpc lira raem hfia de gpi y rafii quan hf mang tuih cpng tde hdn Hp dfla nit d|c tiifl phin bift gifla hd trp nfldc ngodi vd dfil tic diflc sfl, m l hp xic djnh doi tie thyc sy Id "mfii quan hf gifla d e bin buih ding ed bin rage dau cd sfl khde ve trgngtiidi,kinh nghifm, kiln thflc chuyin rafin vi kinh te" (trang 27) (9*) Hp ndi, dfii tie 11 "sfl cpng lac ml ed till ky vpng rapt d c h hpp \y- di dfii ben cung cd lpi (mgc dfi khfing nhat thilt gtfii^ hft nhau), ring se gfip phin phdt triln ning Iflc d nhin vl the chl cho ca hai, vi tfintirpngchfi quyen, ty chfi cfia nhau" KHUNG KHAI NIEM Nhflng lo i^gi vl toin cdu hda da phin Inh d c xu thi ifing hdn Khi gin vdi GDDH chfing tdi cho rang quan hf gifla Hoa I ^ vi Vift Nam Ilm ngang hing rad hlnh cdt Idi-ngogi vi cfia If thuylt hf thfing the gidi xuat hifn tfi t h ^ 1^ 1940s Piebiseh va Singer gin elu tific thj trfldng toin clu vdi mau hinh ed chap bat binh ding tren toin die gidi (10*) Wallerstein sfl dyng quan nifm ndy d l chflng tfi mfii quan hf gifla d c nfldc kim quyin lye hdn (nudc Ngogi vi) nhflng nfldc ed quyin Iflc hfln (nfldc Cfit loi) vl nhflng nfldc Bin i^ogi vi (Ii nfldc efi tiidi 11 Cfit Ifii nhfing dang mat dan quyin lyc \^ Inh hfldng efia n ^ h ) O i ^ ^ lugn ring cdc qufic gia (dfi li kim phit triln, dang phit triln hay da cfing nghifp hda) co thi chi dflpc hilu bdi cdnh rpng Idn hdn 11 chfi nghra tfl bin (11") Sfl dui^ mfi hhih vl ngfin ngfl hldng tfl Galtung (1971) xdc djnh elu trflc quyin Iflc d ben va gifla cdc nfldc, Ong dfing d c thugt ngfl qufic gia Trung tdm va quoc gia Ngogi vi, rad d radi nudc diu efi trung lira vi ngogi vi Trong cai mafinggpi li "cau trfic chilu efia ehu nghia dl qufic" (Galtiing, 1981 tiang 191)fingxac djnh mfii quan hf cfi till efi ben tiong va gifla Tiung tam vi trung tim, Ngogi vi vi ngogi vi cfia tfing nfldc (fflnh I) VI d i m i ngfldi ta chi dfla tiln stf hdi hda ldi ich Id cac trung tam cia Trung tam va ' Ngogi vi, Bon d i cd sif Ididng hot hda hi ich (vi dy, trung tam va ngogi vi nam ben rafii qudc gia Trung tara vi qufic gia Ngogi vi, vi gifia cic ngogi vi efia mfii qude gia) (12*) cCI ^N •cP ?^ I hatmodvof interest dishafmonyof interest pC- •pP TAI u e u THAM K H A O Hmh L Cdu tiiic bdn phdn chu nghia diqude eua Galtimg, dd cC= trung tdm eua nUde Trung tdm, cP = trung tdm cda nUde Ngogi vi pC= ngogi vi cda nUdc trung tdm, vd pP= ngogi vi eua nUdc Ngogi vi SU hdi hoa lai ich cht ngang hdng gida cdc trung tdm cda nUdc Trung tdm vd Ngogi vi mgc dii mdi quan he gida ngogi vi cua cdc nUdc trung tdm vd trung tdm cua ede nUdc Ngogi vi Id Ididng xdc dinh dUdc Trong cufin sdch vdi nhan dl ed vl khilu khfch "Gido dycnhu mft chu nghia de qudc ran hda" Camoy ^ gan "y thfic hf ci!a tinh hifu qua" (trang 31) gilo dye nhi tiildi^ v ^ sfl ndi Ifn quyin bd diti cfia My sau 1945 Bang d c h niy i ^ % Iu|n r l i ^ d c i^ lyc kinh t; dya vao tiij trfldng Ilm gia tang d c chfnh sach vl thyc tiln gilo doc dan bM phdn bo thu n h ^ khfing bhih ding d d d c nfldcjdn trf n toin du d i ^ Iy gidi vai trd cfla gilo dye chinh qui tgoravi tri "dc quan hf thflc ddn" nhfl mfit v& dl cfia chinh sich dfii i^ji Hoa kj'(ttang 33), dac trflng bdi d e chfldng tiinh vifn trp nfldc ngoai m i den Iflpt nfinh nd nhin mgnh giio dye nhi bildng djnh hiK^ tinh hifu qua ehi mai^ ] ^ Ipi ieh eho d c nfldc tfl bin quyen lyc, li chfing mflc nio dfi cho gj(^ tinh hoa d ni£^c dang phdt tiien Rflt tfl lugn dilra efia Galtiu^.fingqui quylt rai^: "Trung tdm eda mdt qudc ffa tii bdn tiin tien (Trungtdm) A^tiivi tii tivng tdmti-ongquie gia Nffigi vi bang viin trd qudn sif, hd trdl^ thudt vd cdc khodn cho vay vd tdi tT