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Tap clii Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hoe Cdn Tha Phdn C Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due 26 (2013) 71 78 Tap chi Khoa hpc Tri/dng Dai hpc Can Thd website sj ctu edu vn M Q T SO P H l / O N G P H A P D A[.]
Tap clii Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hoe Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 71-78 Tap chi Khoa hpc Tri/dng Dai hpc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn M Q T S O P H l / O N G P H A P D A N H G I A C H A T L U " N G LOfP H O C CUA SINH VIEN NGANH KY THUAT Ly Thanh Phuong' ' Bd mdn Tu ddng hda, Khoa Cdng nghi Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Thong tin chung: Ngaynhdn: 08/01/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 19/06/2013 Title: Classroom assessment techniques for engineering students Tukhoa: Phuang phdp ddnh gid lap hgc Keywords: Classroom Assessment Techniques — CATs ABSTRACT Classroom assessment is an formative approach designed to help teachers find out what students are leaming in the classroom and how well they are learning This approach is learner centered, teacher directed, context specific, and firmly rooted in good practice This paper will introduce and summarize some classroom assessment techniques (CATs) that may be applied to classrooms of engineering students in order to help improving the quality of teaching and leaming of engineering T O M TAT Ddnh gid lop hgc Id hudng tiep can dugc thiit ki di giiip gidng vien xdc dinh nhiing ngi dung vd mice hiiu cua sinh vien tgi lop hgc Hudng tiip can ndy lay ngicdi hoc ldm trung tdm, gidng vien ddn ddt, cdn cii vdo tinh hudng cu thi vd xudt phdt tie sif gidng day duac td chuc tdt Bdi viet ndy gidi thieu mdt sd phuang phdp ddnh gid Idp hgc (CATs) cd the dp dung qud trinh gidng dgy cho sinh viin nganh ky thugt gdp phdn cai thien chdt lugng dgy vd hoc ky thugt GlQlTHlEU 1.1 Tinh hinh va thuc tr^ng Hoat ddng danh gia tiin yinh day va hge la qua yinh lien tyc thu thap va xu ly thdng tin ve yinh do, ky nang thyc hien myc tieu day hpc d sinh vien (SV); ve tac ddng va nguyen nhan nhim tao co sd cho nhirng quylt dinh su pham ciia giang vien (GV), nha trudng va eho ban than sinh vi8n de giiip boat ddng day va hgc mdt tien bd han De dam bao chat lugng day va hge, hiu hit cac CO sd giao due dao tao deu chon cho minh nhiing phuong phap danh gia phu hgp nhit dl xac dinh chat lugng hgc vien/sinh vien minh dao tao Muc tidu ciia viec danh gia cd cac ndi dung sau: Xac dinh kha nSng eiia sinh vien qua trinh hge tap ve mat nhan thuc, ky nang va thai - Ren luyen ky nang tu danh gia va danh gia kit qua boat ddng cua ban than, cac ban ddng hgc va eua tap thi - Khich le sy vuon ISn manh me ciia sinh vien vl mgi mat - Co sd d l danh gia khach quan, toan didn v l sinh vien yong qua trinh hgc tap, ren luyen - cai thien cdng tac giang day va danh gia cua don vi, nha trudng phu trach dao tao Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phan C: Khoa hoc Xa hgi Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013) Vdi ehi hge chi tin ehi, cae hgc phin ^ugc td chdc dl cho ngudi hgc la sinh vien cd the toan quyen quyet dmh se hgc gi, hge vao luc nao va tu can ddi thdi khda bieu cho phii hgp nhat vdi kha nang eua minh Dilu dan den nhu cau can ed he thdng quan Iy, giam sat, giang day, ho trg, danh gia mang y'nh ddng bd va phdi hgp nhip nhang cua cae cap yong trudng dai hgc; ddng thdi cdn cin cd su hgp tac giiia ngudi day va ngudi hgc Trong do, ngudi hgc ddng vai trung tam eiia cac hoat^ ddng, khac vdi hinh thuc day va hge truyen thdng Tuy nhien, cd the liet ke mdt sd y d ngai yong viec day va hge hien nay, dac biet la yong hgc che tin chi: Vide giang day mdt hgc phin cd thi dugc phSn cdng eho nhieu giang vien khac nhau, chua thdng nhat hoan toan yong phuong phap giang day va danh gia - Ldp cd the dugc td chuc vdi sd lugng Idn sinh vien, cd bao gdm sinh vien thudc nhilu nganh hge khae ciing tham gia mdt khda hge Su ho trg chua tuong xiing cua don vi phy trach dao tao dong hoat ddng giang day, danh gia ldp hpc (thilt bi ho trg, qui chuan chung, mau danh gia ) D I dam bao khoi lugng cdng viec giang day yen ldp, giang vien khdng du thdi gian cho viec kiem ya, danh gia, cap nhat, cai tiin phuong phap giang day Sinh vien cd qua nhieu viee phai thyc hien, gap nhieu khd khan yong tiep can kien thuc mdi, eo sy chenh lech vl muc hieu biet giiia cae sinh vien Ddi vdi mdi trudng day va hgc eac nganh ky thu$t, nhihig van dl tren dang diln rat eu the va rgng rSi d da sd cac trudng/co sd dao tao Trong do, mdi trudng day va hgc cae nganh kJ thuat ddi hoi phai dam bao khdng ehi cd npi dung ly thuylt ma cdn cin ca ngi dung thuc hanh Dieu dat thach thdc eho can bd giang day mdt mat phai dam bao ndi dung (ly thuyet va thuc hanh), mat khae c6n phai cai tien, cap nb^t lien tyc npi dung dk vua l-~8 sat vdi thyc te, vua nang cao muc hieu d sinh vien Gin day, viee danh gia chat lugng Idp hpc (Classroom Assessment Techniques - CATs) mdt hudng tilp can cua danh gia chat lugng day va hpc - dang duge nhieu trudng dai hge yong va ngoai nude quan tam va dien khai, qua dd da giiip cai thien chit lugng day va hgc rd ret Xuat phat td cac dac diem eua mdi trudng giao duc/dao tao eac nganh ky thuat, bai viet gidi han yong pham vi gidi thieu mdt sd phuang phap danh gia ldp hgc dugc xet cd kha nang ap dyng phu hgp cho mdi trudng 1.2 Phuong phap danh gia ldp hgc va dac diem Cac phuong phap danh gia ldp hge (Classroom Assessment Techniques - CATs) dugc Thomas A Angelo va K Padicia Cross de cap [1] da mang din nhilu thdng tin him ich giiip ngudi giang day tiep can vdi eac phuong phap cai tien danh gia Idp hge, gdp phin nang cao chat lugng day va hge d ca hai phia: ngudi day lin ngudi hge Cae phuang phap danh gia Idp hpc (CATs) ed cac dac diim sau: - Khdng xep loai (hoac chim diem), mang tinh vd danh (khdng neu ten) va la cae boat dgng danh gia dien yong ldp hgc giiip danh gia nhanh tinh hinh ldp hge - Cung cap giang vien cac phan hdi hiiu ich ve hieu qua ciia cac phuong phap giang day da ap dyng qua yinh day va hgc - Giup giang vien danh gia mdc tiep thu ndi dung khda hgc eua sinh vien, td dd giiip dieu chinh each giang day Do dd, day la cac phuong phap danh gia khdng nham den xep loai ea nhan sinh vien nao ma nhim myc dich la thu thap thdng tin theo hinh thuc mdi, bao quat hon Hau het cae phuong phap danh gia dugc thiet ke de ed the ap dung nhanh va de dang, yong dd moi phuang phap cung cap cho giang vien cac dang thdng tin khac Tap chi Khoa hoc Trucmg Dgi hge Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hge Xa hgi Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013) 7I-7i 1.3 Mgt s5 phuong phap danh gia Idp hgc cho sinh vien nganh k^ thuat Dua yen thyc tl giang day, de dam bao vai yd eiia ngudi ky su sau trudng, tac gia nhan thay sinh vien nganh ky thuat can cd cac kha nang/nang lye nhu sau: - Kha nang tu hgc, kham pha/tiep can cai mdi - Kha nang tu (logic, trim tugng, ), sang tao - Kha nang thao tac thao (thdng qua thyc hanh, thye tap, thi nghiem) - Kha nang lam viee nhdm, hgp tac, lanh dao - Kha nang trinh bay, thuyet trinh kien thuc nIn) - Definmg features mayix (dinh nghTa/thilt kl ma Uan dac diim) Pro & grid (lap bang tan va phan ddi) Problem recognition tasks (phat hien van de) What's the principle? (neu nguyen ly boat ddng) Application cards (md ta ung dung) Xet theo trinh tu ap dung eac phuang phap danh gia ldp hgc doi vdi budi hgc thdng thudng, cae phuong phap duge chia theo cae nhdm sau, xem Hinh I (ngudi viet xin giii nguyen ten tiengAnh ciia cdc phuang phdp de ngudi dgc de dang tim hieu va nghien cuu): - Trude budi hge: Background knowledge probe - Trong budi hge: What's the principle, Defining features matrix Application card va Problem recognition task - Sau buoi hge: minute paper, muddiest point va pro & grid Trong khudn khd bai viet nay, tac gia gidi thieu mang tinh ggi md mgt sd phuong phap danh gia ldp hgc cd kha nang phu hgp vdi dac tinh eua ldp hgc sinh vien nganh ky thuat nhu sau: - Minute paper (phieu phan hdi ngan) - Muddiest point (neu diim chua ro) - Background knowledge probe (tham dd What's the principle Defining feature matrix Background knowledge probe ^TriF&c buoi hoo Application card Minute paper Problem recognitiontask -Trong buoi hoc Muddiest point Pro & Con grid ^-^Sau buoi h p o Hinh I: Phan nhom theo trinh tu sd di^ng cac phuxmg phap d^nh gia 16p hgc NOI DUNG CAC PHU*ONG PHAP DANH GIA LCn* HOC T-.i ,.^ ,3-A „ , De giup nguoi dgc de tiep can, eac ngi dung co ban vl muc tieu danh gia, each su dung va thdi diem ap dung cua cac phuang phap danh gia ldp hoc duoc neu Bane *^ ^ ^ s »• Tgp chi Khoa hoe Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hoe Xa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due 26 (2013): 71-7 Bang 1: Li|tfceva ddi chiSu c&e phmnig phap danh gia Idp hoc TT Phirong phap Muc tieu danh gia Cach su dung Minute paper • Nhan thuc, muc dp hilu- Danh 2-3 phiit cuoi budi hpc dat ciia sinh vien doi vdi tai cau hoi de sinh vien tra lai vao mau lieu dugc cung cap tren giay nho ve: lap Npi dung quan trpng nhat nhan - Kha nang tu danh gia ciia dupe tii buoi hpc la gi? sinh vien Con nhung van de nao chua hieu r6? Muddiest point Nhan thuc, muc hilu- Tap trung vao phan hdi ciia sinh cua sinh vien doi voi tai vien ve: ca buoi hpc, cac npi dung lieu dupe cung cap yen nho cua buoi hpc/chu de Idp Dung cac cau hoi d dang gai md: Diem khd hieu nhat hoac "Diem nao la kho hieu nhat? Chu chua ro nhat ve chu de de nao la chua ro nhSt? vira trinh bay Background Pham vi (trinh dp) hieu- Dimg bang cau hoi ngan vS thdng knowledge biet cua sinh vifen trudc tin hoac cac khai niem sinh vien probe bat dau buoi hpc/chu can biet de cong ITnh de mai vuc tuang irng Can can bang gida thach thdc va loai cua thong tin Thong bao d& sinh vien bilt ro bang cau hoi khong nham muc dich thi, kiem tra hoac cham diem - Phan tich cac diem tan- Xac dinh hoan canh ho^c van de va va phan doi (pros & vilt mo ta dang tan thanh/phan cons), chi phi va lgi ich ddi hoac cac giai phap thay the hoac thuSn lgi & bat lai_ cin n^u r5 cho sinh vien biet so cua cac ehpn lya lirpng cac mo ta tan thanh/phan doi - Phan tich cac giai phap ky va hinh thiic phan hoi mong mudn thuit thay the cho mpt vin _ Phan tich: tin suat; so sanh vdi ban dl mo ta cua giang viSn; cac diem thiSu sot^^^ Problem recognition task Cac ky nang phan tich ciia • sinh vien: phat hien va xac dinh kilu vdn de dupe tham khao cac vi du khac ** Kilm Ua kha nang hoi tuong hoac nhan dien van dS (ket noi, dien vao cho ydng) Chon cac vi du khac c6 lien quan ciia cac loai van dl dupe neu Dat cau hoi de sinh vien dua cac nguyen nhan Cho bai tap cho ca nhan hoac timg nhom nhd • cin dua ban luan trudc vai dong nghiep ve cac vin de se Uinh bay Thdi gian Sau budi hpc/chii de Sau buoi hpc/chti de Trudc buoi hpc/ chu d^ mdi Sau buoi hpc/chii de mo ta hudng tiep cSn/phuong phap mdi de giai quyet van dl Sau gidi thieu cae kieu van de khac va cac phuang p h ^ giai chl^ Sau bu6i hgc ( ) P/iSnhfii Buof hgc tiep theo • Chia se ket qua phSn tich vdi sinh vign • Th(ic hien cac diSu chinh ttong viec day/hoc Phan loai va p h ^ tich dft lieu Phat m l n cac ke h o ^ h day/hpc DiSn giai cac ket qu^ VEI xay dyng mpl phan ling phii hcfp de cai Ihi^n vi^c hoc *unh 2: Cac budc ap d^ng CATs trirdc, va sau buoi hpc Tgp chi Khoa hoe Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C Khoa hge Xd hgi Nhdn van vd Gido due: 26 (2013) 71-78 KET QUA VA THAO LU^N Tuy theo dac thii eua tung hgc phan, giang vien se quydt djnh chgn phuang phap danh gia phii hgp Mdt sd lgi I'ch eiia viee ap dung thudng xuyen eac phuong phap danh gia Idp hge (CATs) cd the liet ke nhu sau: song hanh, ddi hdi sy tham gia va cd gang cua ca hai phia ngudi day Ian ngudi hgc Boi vdi sinh vien: Giup phat yien ky nang tu danh gia va quan Iy tien trinh hgc eiia ban than Giam bdt cam giac bj ed lap va bat lye, dac biet la yong eac Idp Idn Nang cao muc dd bidu va kha nSng tu phe binh cua sinh vien vd ndi dung chuong yinh hge Giup nang cao y thdc vd viec hieu va nhd lau dai kien thuc da hgc Giiip sinh vien thay dugc sy cd gang va sy quan tam ciia giang vien va su cdng eiia sinh vidn qua trinh day va hge Dot v&i gidng vien: Thu thap dugc phan hdi lien tuc cua ldp de ed hudng dieu chinh nhanh chdng tien trinh day va hgc - Duge cung cap thdng tin hdu ich ve muc hidu ndi dung bai hge ma khdng can tdn nhieu thi gid eho viee soan eac bai kiem tra, cham diem cac bao cao - Cho phep giang vien nhanh chdng xac dinh rd sy hieu nham, hieu khdng dung hoac Bang md ta muc yeu cau vd thdi gian, thieu sdt cua sinh vien ve bai hoc/ehii de cdng sue cua giang vien va kha nang dap ung - Giup thiic day mdi quan he tdt giiJa cua sinh vi6n ap dung cae phuong phap giang vien vdi sinh vien, ddng thdi khuyen danh gia Idp hgc khich hg hieu rd qua trinh day va hge dien Bang 3: Mirc dg sir dung thM gian va cdng sue d£ ap dung [1] Nhom Phuovs phap danh gia Background knowledge probe Minute paper Muddiest point Defining features matrix Pro and Con grid Problem recognition tasks Wliat's the principle Application cards (A) T.Binh Thap ThSp T.Binh Thap T.Binh T.Binh Thip (B) Thap Thap Thap Thap Thap Thap Thap Thap/T.Bmh (C) T.Binh Thap Thap Thap Thap/T.Bmh Thap Thap Thap/T.Blnh Trong do: (A) Miic dp chudn bi eua GVde dp dung phuong phdp ddnh gid (B) Muc dap irng cua SVdoi voi phuang phdp ddnh gid (C) Muc phdn lich dir lieu ihu thdp eiia G V K £ T LUAN VA BE XUAT Ben canh cae phuang phap danh gia chat lugng day va hgc truyen thdng (kiem ya, thi, khao sat, dd an nien luan ), cac phuang phap danh gia ldp hpc the hien rd uu diSm vl chiem it thdi gian, ed the thyc hien dl dang dong da dang cac dieu kien hge tap Nhd vay, nhiJng ket qua dd khdng ehi de cai tien ndi dung chuong dinh hgc, phuang phap giang day ma cdn giup sinh vien ty dieu chinh viec hge eiia minh yong liic khda hgc dang dien Tuy nhien, de dat hi^u qua ap dung cac phuang phap danh gia ldp hpc cho mdi yudng day va hgc cac nganh ky thuat, tac gia xin dua vai y kien sau day: - cae phuang phap e^n dugc su dung thudng xuyen va tu lam can cd cho viec didu chinh cac boat dgng tren Idp - Giang vieri can xac dinh va nam ro muc tieu cua hgc phan, tu chgn phuong phap danh gia Idp hgc nao la phii hgp nhat eho hoc phan minh dam nhan Tqq> ehi Khoa hge Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan C Khoa hoc Xa hgi Nhdn van vd Gido due 26 (2013): 71-78 Don vi quan ly giang day can khuyen khich/ho trg (vd ca che, md hinh, thidt bi hd trg ) dd giang vien ap dung cac phuang phap danh gia ldp hgc - Ddi vdi ldp hgc cd sd lugng Idn sinh vien (Idp ddng) can ed eo chd txg giang la can bd eiing td chuyen mdn vdi giang vien hoac mgt sd sinh vien uu di chua tdt nghiep de hd trg giang vien yien khai mgt sd hoat ddng danh gia ldp hgc L6I CAM T ^ Tac gia xin chan cam on Chuong yinh lien kdt nang cao giao due ky thuat — HEEAP 2012 da tao dieu kien de tac gia tiep can nhieu ndi dung cd Hen quan de hoan tat ndi dung bai vi6t TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Thomas A Angelo va K Patricia Cross, 1993 (tai ban lan 2) Classroom assessment techniques: a handbook for college teachers Jossey-Bass Inc Publishers, trang 109-114, 426 yang Shelly Potts va Lenay Duns 2012 Bdi gidng tgp hudn chuang trinh lien ket ndng cao gido due ky thuat-ifEEAP 2012, myc Classroom Assessment Techniques TS Bui Thj Miii 2010 Td chuc hogt ddng gido due bdc dai hoc, Khoa Su pham — Trudng Dai hpc can Tha, 11/2010, trang 73 ThS Nguyin Thi D6 Quyen, 2011 Ddnh gid qud trinh dgy hgc, Khoa Thuong m^ va Du lich - Trucmg Cao dang Thuong m^i Ban tin Khoa hpc sd 15/Quy IU/Nam201I,yang 30-35 Le Thu Lieu, Huynh Xuan Nhut, Thuc trgng ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap cua SVdgi hoc — cao (faog, http://ceea.ier.edu.vn/nghien-cuu-giaoduc^ai-bao-khoa-hoc/206-thc-tmg-anh-gia-ktqu-hc-tp-ca-sinh-vien-i-hc-cao-ng-phn2#comments Nguyen Kim Dung, Ddnh gid vd kiim tra, thi de gido due Viit Nam, Vi^n Nghien cuu Giao due - Trudng Dm hpc Su ph^m Tp.HCM, http://ceea.ier.edu.vn/danh-gia-kiemdinh/danh-gia/127-anh-gia-va-kim-tra-thi-ctrong-giao-dc-vit-nam Five Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handy Handbook, http://v;Tvw cnsm.csulb.edu/depts/scied/sced49 0/5 assess technique-pdf Attributes of effective formative assessment, http://www.ccsso.org/publications/details.cfin? PublicationID=362 ... ciia sinh vien doi vdi tai cau hoi de sinh vien tra lai vao mau lieu dugc cung cap tren giay nho ve: lap Npi dung quan trpng nhat nhan - Kha nang tu danh gia ciia dupe tii buoi hpc la gi? sinh. .. cua sinh vifen trudc tin hoac cac khai niem sinh vien probe bat dau buoi hpc/chu can biet de cong ITnh de mai vuc tuang irng Can can bang gida thach thdc va loai cua thong tin Thong bao d& sinh. .. Application card _ ^jgy ^jg^- cua sinh vien v e - Xac dinh mdt nguyen ly ho^c ly cac irng dung co the co thuyet quan trpng sinh vien vda CUE nhiing dieu da hpc tiep c^n - Yeu cau sinh vien xac dinh va mo