Tip (tt nunc BAOIMliWimUIMITItTMO S6BAG BIET/2D15 THirC TRANG DAY VA HOC THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI CUATRirONG DAI HOC Slf PHAM HA NOI N g u y e n B a H6a* T 6m tat ^ B^i bao phSn tich nhO ng \g\ the cCia d[.]
Tip(tt nunc BAOIMliWimUIMITItTMO - S6BAG BIET/2D15 THirC TRANG DAY VA HOC THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI CUATRirONG DAI HOC Slf PHAM HA NOI N g u y e n B a H6a* T m tat: ^ B ^i b a o p hSn tich nhO-ng \g\ the cCia d d o t?io theo h p c c h e tin chi tlm hieu ve thi/c trgng* d S o tpo theo h p c c h e tin chi cOa Tru’O'ng O g i h p c S lf p hp m H a N pi d tlm c a c b it c|ip cCia hlnh thu’c d a o tao n a y nhu*: C o s o vat c h it, tai lipu c h o g ia n g d a y v ^ h p c tpp, c h o o n g trinh d S o tpo, d6i n g u g ia o vign n n thu’c c u a sin h vien Ti> d giCip c h o T r y o n g D a i h pc Su> phpm NOi c6 n h O n g b i§n p h^ p h y u hipu n m n a n g c a o c h i t ly ^ n g d a o tao g i^ o vien cua nhii t r y in g TCf k h a : H p c che tin chi, D p i h p c S y pham , n h y n g b it c a p , S T A T U S O F T E A C H IN G A N D L E A R N IN G U N D E R C R E D IT S Y S T E M O F T H E H A N O I N A T IO N A L U N IV E R S I T Y O F E D U C A T IO N S u m m a r y : T h e article a n a ly ze s the a d v a n ta g e s of training credit sy ste m a n d learn about the sta tu s of training u nd e r credit sy ste m o f the H a n oi N ational U nive rsity o f Edu ca tio n to find | out the in a de q ua cies o f th e se fo rm s of training su c h as: facilities a n d m aterials for teach in g' and teaming, curriculum, teaching staff and student a w are n e ss T h u s helping to H a n oi National U niversity of E d u ca tio n h a s effective m e a s u r e s to e n h a n c e the quality of training o f school teachers [C eyw ord s; C redit system , U niversity o f Education, the ina de q ua cies, d At v a n d e Ap dung d^o tao theo hpc che tin chi d Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi la ket qua cua sir hpi nhpp Qu6c te cua nha truong Su phpm vdi nen giao dye tien tien tren thi gidi vdi vai trd tich c\rc ciia hinh thiic dao tao la liy ngudi hpc trung tarn Hinh thiic dao tao da dem lai thkih cong d rlt nhilu Quic gia tren thI gidi Nhung uu diem ciia nd la: Su mim deo chueng trinh dao tao, cimg cdp cho sinh vien mot khong gian phat trien tIi da tinh nang dpng viec Ipp k l hoach hpc tap phii hop vdi kha nang cua ban than, biln qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tu dao tao, phat huy nhieu nguon Ipc tham gia qua trinh gido due Sau nam ap dung dao tao theo hpc che tin chi Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi da thu dupe mot so ket qua rat dang ghi n h ^ Tuy nhien thuc tiln cung cho thiy, qua trinh van hanh hinh thiic dao tao da xuat hipn nhung bat cap han chi hieu qua dao tao va giao due Vi vay, cAn c6 nhung nghien cihi danh gia khach quan hinh thiic dao tao theo tin chi de phat huy mat tich cvrc va khac phqc nhung hgn che qua trinh thuc hien hinh thiic dao tao nham gop phan nang cao chat lupng dao cua Tnidmg Dai hpc Su phpn Ha Npi Tii th\rc te noi tr6n, chiing t6i da tiln hinh nghien cihi thuc trang day va hpc theo tin chi ciia Truong Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi PHl/dNG P H A P N G H IE N ClJU Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu chung toi da sii dung m6t so phucmg phap sau; - Phuong phap tham khao tai lieu - Phuong phap phong van - Phuong phap toan hpc thing ke K E T QUA N G H E N CUTU VA BAN LU$N D a c d i l m c u a d a o t a o d a l h p c th e o hpc c h e tin c h i Dao tpo theo hpc chi tin chi c6 nhirng khac biet can ban so vdi dao tao nien chi: He thing tin chi cho phep sinh vien chu dong ! qud trinh lua chpn chuong trinh hpc t$p cua ban than va dat dupe van bdng dpi hpc thdni” *ThS, Trifcmg Ogi hpc S o phgm HP NOi 140 BAIBAOKHOAHOC qua viec tich luy s6 tin chi (Mot tin chi blng 15 tiet hoc ly thuyet; 30 - 45 tiet th\rc hanh, thi nghiem hoac thao luan; 45 - 90 tiet thirc tap t^ CO so; 45 - 60 gid tilu lu ^ , bai tap Idn hoac an, khoa luan tot nghiep D6i vdi nhung hoc phan ly thuyet hoac thuc hanh, thi nghiem, dk t i ^ thu mpt tin chi, sinh vien phai danh it nh4t 30 gio chu&i bi ca nhan (Quy ch6 43) Chuong trinh dao tao theo hoc che tin chi c6 tinh mem deo va c6 tinh lien thong cao boi chuong trinh gom hai loai phgin la bat buqc va tu chon: Hoc phSn bat bupc la hpc phan chiia npi dung kien thiic chu yeu cua moi chuong trinh bat buoc sinh vien phai tich luy Hoc phin tu chon la hoc phan chiia dvmg nhung noi dung kien diuc can diiet, nhung sinh vien dugc chon theo huong dan cua nha truong nham da dang hoa chuySn mon Moi hoc ph§n chiia dung tu din tin chi Khi to chiic day hoc theo hoc che tin chi, dau m6i hoc k^^ sinh vien dugc lua chon d&ig ky cac cac hgc phan tiiich hgp phu hgp voi nang Igc va quy thdi gian cua sinh vi6n nham dat dugc mot khoi lugng kien thiic theo quy dinh (moi ky sinh vien phai dang ky toi thieu 14 tin chi) l/u diem cua ddo tgo tin chi - Dao tao dai hgc theo hgc che tin chi dua tr6n su phSn chia chuong trinh hgc tSp th^nh cac modun c6 the ludng, tich luy va lap ghep dugc dl ti6n toi h? thong van bang theo cac tieu thiic to hgp nhat dinh, dugc thong nhat va cong n h ^ rgng rai thdng qua boat dgng quan 1;^ gido due dao tao o nhiing thdi gian va dia didm khac Chinh uu diem vugt trgi cho phep hg thong gido due dai hgc theo hgc che tin chi c6 tinh mo, linh hogt va ket noi ede co so dao tgo, mang lai nhung tien ich toi da cho ngudi hgc - Hgc che tin chi mang lai hieu qua hgc tgp cao gid hgc tap thap, dg mem deo, khd nang thich ling cua chuong trinh dao tao phu hgp vdi muc tieu hgc tap suot ddi cua moi ngudi xa hgi hidn dai, h i|u qud v l qudn ly cao tinh tg chii va tu chiu trdch nhigm ciia ngudi hgc va ngudi dgy he thong dao tao khong ngung dugc ciing c6 va nang cao - Hgc chi tin chi thd hien day dii tinh thich ling, tinh mo cua he thong gido diic dai hgc thdi dai cong nghg thong tin phdt trien va hgi nhap quoc te ve gido due nhu mot nhu cau tat ylu Trong he thing dao tao dai hgc theo tin chi, ngoai ede mon bdt bugc c6 nhilu mon hgc cho sinh vien tu chgn vd da dua vao chuong trinh cac mon hgc dam bao c6 ngudi day - Dao tao tin chi phdt huy dugc tinh tich cue, chu d6ng ciia sinh vien hgc tap, nghien ciiu khoa hgc va sang tao qua trinh hgc tap ciia ban than Danh gid k it qua ciia sinh vien thong qua thang dilm chu A, B, C, D, F (thang diem 4) Bang Thang diem dao tgo theo hgc ch i tin chi D iem chu’ A B+ B C+ C D F Diem s o 3,5 2,5 X ep loai Xuat sac Gidi Kha Trung blnh kha Trung binh Trung binh ydu Kern Th an g didm 10 ,5 -1 ,0 -8 ,5 ,0 -7 ,9 ,0 -6 ,9 5 -6 ,0 ,0 -5 ,4 Duoi Thirc trgng ddo tao theo hgc che tin chitu giang day theo hinh thiic tmySn dat m6t chieu sang phuong phdp giang day tich cue cua TriFdng Dai hgc S if pham Ha Ngi 3.1 Nhumg bSt c$p cua ddo t^o theo hgc - Cdc dieu kien hgc t$p de sinh vien tu hgc, tu nghien ciiu chua tot nhu: Nguon tdi ligu chua che tin chu - Viec dang ky' va lua chgn he thong tin chi phong phu, he thing may tinh k it n ii mang doi hoi sinh vien phai c6 nang luc tich cue, sdng chua dugc sii dung rgng rai; phong hgc, san tap chua dap ling nhu cau hogt dgng ren luyen t^o vd tu chii cao - Viec giang day theo hgc che tin chi doi hoi gidf hgc va boat dgng TDTT ngoai khoa cua sinh gidng vien phai thay doi phuong phdp tmyen thu vien 141 - Dpi ngu giao vien lam cong tac c6 van hpc tap chua dupe trang bi day du cac kien thuc ve dao tao tin chi - D ^ gia ket qua hpc t$p mot so bat cap nhu dikm chuySn can chi ton tai diem hoac di§m 10; trpng diSm giua cac diem t h ^ phSn chua hop ly - Cac khoa c6 hpc phan hpc thuc h ^ vi6c sip xip giua hpc thpc hanh va ly thuyet giap WIMVlillllWUBBITBfflM ■ S t OkCBlgT/ail5 nhieu kho khan va bat cap 3.2 Thy^ tryng ve cef s& vat chat trang thiit bf danh cho ddo tgo theo hoc ch i tin chi De danh gia v i ca so vat chat danh cho d^o tpo theo hpc che tin chi cua Truemg Dai hpc Su phpm Ha Npi, chung t6i ti6n hiinh phdng v^n 100 sinh vien (nam thii 2) Truong Dai hpc Su phpm Ha Npi, ket qud thu dupe d bang B in g Ket qua phdng van danh gia ve co’ so* vat chat phuc vp edng tac day vd hpc cua Tru’vn g Dpi hoc Su> pham Hli Noi (n = 100) ■ - - - -T i§u chi Tot SN C a s d vat chat % Giao trinh, tdi lieu phpc vi,i hoc tip cua sinh vien 5 He th6ng mdy tfnh kfet noi internet cua cac phong hpc 14 14 i^a thu vien He th6ng mdy tinh k6t n6i Internet cua cac phong hpc 32 32 va thu vien H$ thong may tinh, mdy chieu phyc vu dpy va hpc 30 30 Tir bang cho thiy co so vat chit phuc vu cho giang day va hpc tap dupe sinh vien danh g ia : - Giao trinh, tai lipu phyc vu hpc tap cua sinh vien He thong mdy tinh kit noi Internet ciia cac phong hpc va thu vipn 100% y kien d miic d6 tir trung binh trd Idn Tuy nhien 85% y kiin cho rang giao trinh tai lieu chi d miic dp trung binh va 74% y kien danh gia he thing may tinh chi d miic dp trung binh - He thong may tinh ket noi Internet ciia cac phdng hpc va thu vipn, He thing may tinh, may chieu phuc vu day va hpc dupe danh gia kha tit K SN % 10 10 Trunj B in h Kem SN % SN % 85 85 0 12 12 74 74 0 53 53 15 15 0 65 65 5 0 tu 85, 95% y kien danh gia tu kha trd len; dik cho thay nha trudng da rat quan tarn den vide trang bi he thong phong hpc day du dieu kipn cho giang day, san tpp va phong M nghi^ cua cac khoa cung dupe dau tu khd tit 3.3 Tht/rc tryng chieamg trinh ddo tqo theo hyc ch i tin chi De c6 co sd de danh gia ve chuong trinh d^o tao cua trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi chiing toi tien hanh phong v in 50 can bp giing day cua ede khoa trudng Ket qua thu dupe bang Bang Ket qua phdng van danh gid v i chipcng trinh dao t^o ciia cac khoa thuoc Trvdng Dpi hpc Su* pham Ha Noi (n= 50) _ _ Mi>c dd Tieu chi ^ Ty le giua giua hpc phdn b§t bupc va hpc phan chpn S o m6n hpc co dieu ki^n tien quyet S mon hpc lien m6n giua cac chuyen nganh va cac khoa S o mon hpc chpn chuo’ng trinh Ty ie mon hpc ca b§n v^ c^c mon hpc chuySn nganh S o mon hpc nghipp vy s u phpm S m6n hpc chuy§n ng^nh Tir ket qua b ^ g cho thay chuong trinh dao tao cua trudng Dai hpc Su pham dupe danh gia kha tot: Cac tieu chi ciia chuong trinh dupe giang vien danh gid la hpp ly chiem tu 76% din 96%; nhien van c6 mot so y kien cho Hp P SL 45 41 10 38 39 48 43 ly % 90 82 20 76 76 96 86 C h u a h p p 1;^ Y ki^n SL SL % 10 0 0 40 12 0 11 22 14 khSc % 18 80 24 0 rang khong hop ly chiem ty Ip td 10 din 20%; co m$t s6 y kiin kfaac cho rang so mon hpc tiea quyet can dupe giam thieu d i khdng gSy kho khan cho t i chiic dao tao (c6 18% y k iin ); ede mon hpc lidn nganh lien khoa it cin co s\r 142 BAIBAO KHOA HOC ket hop giira cac khoa viSc lira chon mon thu mpt chieu (thay day tro ghi chep) sang hoc lien nganh (c6 80% y kl6n); SO mon hoc phuong phap day hpc tich cue (d^y cho sinh chon chuong trinh cSn da Hang va phong vien phuong phap hoc tap, phuong phap tu duy, phu hon d6 sinh vien Ivra chpn (c6 24% y ki§n) phuong phap nghien cuu) K6t qua phong vin Nhn vay chuong trinh ciia cac khoa tr\rc tiSp can bo g i^ g day Truong Truong Dai aha tniong cin dugc giang vien danh gia la hpc Su ph?im Ha Npi ve phuong phap gidng d^y muc kha c ^ giam bdt nhung mon c6 dieu kien cho thay phan Ion nguoi dupe hoi cho biet, ho tien quyet, mo rdng cac m6n hoc lien nganh vd chua dupe ph6 bien cac phuong phap day hpc lien khoa va tang so mon hpc chuyen ngkih tich epe dao tao tin chi d I tim hilu 3.4 T h ^ trang vkphitffng phdp giang daynguyen nhan chua ap dimg rpng rai c^c phuong cua cac khoa thugc Tnr&ng D hoc Sirpham phap day hpc tich cue, chiing toi da ti6n hanh HdNpi phong v4n 50 giao vien Truong Dai hpc Su Trong dao tao theo hoc che tin chi yeu cSu pham Ha Npi Ket qua phong van dupe trinh dau tien cua nguoi giao viSn la phai thay d6i bay bang phuong phap day hpc tu phuong phap truy8n Bang NhOng nguyin nhan chipa ap dung c^c phu’O’ng phap gidng d^y hpc tich c^rc cOa gidng vien Tru'vng Dai hpc S ip phpm Ha Npi (n=50) rieu chi _M u c - S o sinh viSn IPp qua ddng Sinh vien it ph^t biiu, thg dpng hoc tap Nguon toi lipu cho sinh vidn chua phong phu Thoi gian d&nh cho ede chuyen d^ day hoc khong dC (Chuong trinh cac mon hpc bj rut ngan) G iio vien c6n ngpi thay ddi p hu ong phap dpy hpc Ban ghS cho giSng dpy hpc top chua hpp ly Sinh vi§n luoi tim kiem thong tin truPc giP l§n IPp C ao SN 20 33 41 % 40 66 82 Tru ng binh SN % 25 50 13 26 10 SN 4 Thap % 10 8 36 72 12 24 22 15 38 44 30 76 24 24 48 48 11 22 18 Tvr ket qui b ^ g cho thiy cac y kien tra loi De tim hieu ve thpc tr ^ g hpc t$p ciia sinh tinh theo miic dp dong y tu trung binh den cao vien Truong D ^ hpc Su p h ^ H^ NOi chiing toi la: Do so sinh vien lop qua dong nen kho da ti^n h^nh phong van 200 sinh vien cua ap dung cac phuong phap (90%); sinh vien Truong DHSP HN ket qua thu dupe o bang Tu ket qua b ^ g cho thSy: thu dong, it phat bieu y kien (92%); ngu6n tai - PhSn Idn sinh vien khong nam dupe chuong lieu danh cho sinh vien chua phong phu (92%); khong du thoi gian cho cac chuyen de (96%); trinh dao too khong nam dupe cay chuong trinh; Giang vien ngai thay doi phuong phap giang mon nao la dieu kien tien quyet cho cac mon hpc day (92%); Sinh vien it tim toi thong tin (82%) khac (80%) - Sinh vien chua quen voi phuong phap day ngoM c6 mpt s6 y kien cho rang, b ^ ghe chua phu hop cho giang d^y theo phuong phap hpc tich cue van quen voi phuong phap hpc truyen thong (75%) tich cue (78%) - Da so sinh vien khong c6 kha nang tu Nhu vay tat ca cac nguyen nhan co ban dan toi viec chua ap dung dupe phuong phap gitog ludng va d^nh gia ket qua hpc tap ciia ban than day tich cue md de tai dua nhu: So sinh vien (chilm 79%) - Nhi6u sinh vi6n khong c6 dpng lire hpc tpp qua dong, thoi gian t6 chiic giang day bi thu hep, ban ghe cho to chiic hpc tap chua hpp ly, deu va muc tieu hpc tap hpc tap ro rang chi c3n qua dupe cac giang vien tur 78% den 92% mon la dupe (45%) 3.5 Thve trang ve hgc tpp theo hoc ch i tin - Kha nang tu hpc tu nghiSn cihi la khdng c6 chi cua sinh viSn Tnr&ngD^i hpc Stepham Hd (chi8m toi 75%); sinh vien it len thu vien, san tap, khong dpc tai lieu tham khao Noi 143 BoTMrtBIIINIIIimTlillM -SiBACBIET/2fll5 - Sinh vien chua c6 ky nang lua chon cac phu hop voi ban than qua trinh hgc t mon hoc cung nhu so tin chi m6i hoc ky (81%) Bang K it qud phdng van ve thi^c tr^ng hpc t|p theo hpc c h i tin chi cOa sinh vien Tru’dmg Dai hpc Su* pham Ha N6i (n = 100) Tl§u chi M i>c d g Nam r5 toan bo ch u on g trinh d io tao, cay ch u on g trinh Nam d u g c phu o ng p h ip day hoc ti'ch ege K y nang tu lu ong v i d in h gia ket qua hgc tip cua ban than D g n g Igc va muc tiiu hgc tip rd rang K h i nang tg hgc, tg nghien cuu bai hgc K y nang Iga chgn d in g ky tin chi phu h gp vdi b in than v i quy c h i d io tao Co SN 15 M gt p h in % 15 SN 20 10 % 20 10 K ho n g SN 80 75 % 80 76 8 13 13 79 79 35 15 35 15 20 10 20 10 45 75 45 75 7 12 12 81 81 Nhu vay cho thay phan Ion sinh vien chua TAI L IE U T H A N KHAO nim b it dugc chuong trinh dao tao cua ban Nguyen Cong Danh (2008), Nhung kho than, chua co ky nang hpc t$p moi, chua xac khan cua viec dao tgo theo h$ thong tin chi, djnh dugc muc tieu hgc tap cua ban than cung thao Ian 19/12/2008 ve He thong d ic ^ H nhu chua c6 ky nang lubng k it qua hoc tap tin chi Nhung trd nggi va bien phap khac ph\ic, cua b ^ than day chinh la nhung h ^ ch6 can c6 Dgi Hgc Can Tho bi$n phap huu hieu giup sinh vien nang cao chat Dao Thi Oanh va cgng s\r (2014), “ GMi lugng hgc tap phip nang cao nang Igc nghiep vu su ph^, nghien cuu khoa hgc giio due va quan ly dao K E T LU A N Qua thuc tien dao tao theo hoc che tin chi ciia tao giang vien dai hgc su ph?un” De tai khoa hgc Truong Dai hgc Su p h ^ Ha Ngi buoc d iu da cap Bp md so: B2011-17-CT07, Ha Ngi phat huy dugc cac uu diem cua hinh thiic dao Lam Quang Thigp (2001), Do lu&ngvd tao ve tinh linh ho&t vk deo cua chuong ddnh gid gido due, DHQGHN trinh dao tao, dip ling yeu cau cua nguoi hgc P h ^ Viet Vugng (2008), Gido dy.c hgc, Tuy nhien ben canh van cdn khong it bit cap Nxb Dai hgc Su pham* qua trinh dao t^io nhu: - Chuong trinh chua c6 tinh lien tiiong ty le cac mon hgc chua can d6i, s6 mon hgc t tien quyit nhieu - Co so vat chit, tai lieu va cac phuong ti6n dinh cho dao tao chua dip ling dugc thgc tien dio tao - Giao vi&i chua doi mbi phuong phap d^y hgc quen voi hinh thurc dao tao nien che vi$c chuyen doi phuong phip can c6 thoi gian va co chi - Sinh vien vao truong dai hgc vin quen voi hinh th?ic dao tao d bac thdng nen bo ngo chua co phuong phap hgc tap thich hgp - Giang vien lam c6 van hgc tip cho sinh vien cdn chua tich cue va chua c6 phuong phip hgp ly 144 ... trgng ddo tao theo hgc che tin chitu giang day theo hinh thiic tmySn dat m6t chieu sang phuong phdp giang day tich cue cua TriFdng Dai hgc S if pham Ha Ngi 3.1 Nhumg bSt c$p cua ddo t^o theo hgc -... nham dat dugc mot khoi lugng kien thiic theo quy dinh (moi ky sinh vien phai dang ky toi thieu 14 tin chi) l/u diem cua ddo tgo tin chi - Dao tao dai hgc theo hgc che tin chi dua tr6n su phSn chia... can diiet, nhung sinh vien dugc chon theo huong dan cua nha truong nham da dang hoa chuySn mon Moi hoc ph§n chiia dung tu din tin chi Khi to chiic day hoc theo hoc che tin chi, dau m6i hoc k^^