ailAN U 6 U O DWC THjfC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAD CHAT llfdNG TUYEN SINH HE TRUNG CAP CHUYEN NGHIEP fi THANH PH^ HAI PHONG ThS BUI V A N TUONG* Abstract Resolving conflicts between three factors "Ad[.]
ailAN U U O DWC THjfC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAD CHAT llfdNG TUYEN SINH HE TRUNG CAP CHUYEN NGHIEPfiTHANH PH^ HAI PHONG ThS BUI V A N TUONG* Abstract: Resolving conflicts between three factors "Admissions - Training - Employment services after training " in training professional college in general Viet Nam and particular Hai Phong city is still an unsolved problem of educational managers Even harder when the factor "Admissions" of most of professional colleges decrease about numbers in recent years, resulting in the other factors also affected Need lo find out the causes and offer solutions lo Improve the quality of admissions in training professional college Hal Phong city is the area we choose to study Keywords: Reality, solution, admissions, training professional college H Phong la mgt ttianh phoco cang bien I6n nhatmien Bac, mpldaumoigiaothong quan trpng vcihe thd'ng giao th6ng_ dudng thuy, bp, sit, hang Ithong na6c va quoc te, Hai Phong hien CO khoang 19 khu cong nghiep da va dang dupc hoan ttiien, sudung khoang 45.000 lao dpng, lao dpng kTthuat can CO trinh dp tru n^ cap chuyen nghiep (TCCN) va ti/Png dUPng co chat Iupng cao la 14.000 ngucri (nguon: ban quan li khu kinh te nam 2014) Chinh vi vay, viec nang cao chat Iupng dao tao nphe hien doi vol cac trucrng TCCN la nhiem VLI song cua he thong dao tao tmng cap, co tac dpng rat Idn den tat ca cac mat cua ddi song KT-XH khongchicuaTP.HaiPhdng macdn la nhiem vu ctia qudc gia Giao due va dao tao chuyen nghiep nhieu nam qua van mptsobatcap, thehien dviec giai quyet mau thuan giUa ba nhan to: Tuyen sinh Dao tao - Dich vu viec iam sau dao tao gap rat nhieu khdkhan,tfongd6giaiquyetkhdkhan cua khau tuyen sinh dang la bai toan nan giai dd'i vdi cac nha quan li giao due a T P Hai Phdng Bai viet neu len thuctrang, nguyen nhan cua thuc trang va dua cac giai phap nham nang cao chat Iupng tuyen sinh heTCCN P T P Hal Phdng Thuc trang tuyen sinh he TCCN d TP Hai Phong Hien nay, tren dja ban TP Hai Phdng od 13 ccr so dao tao heTCCN {01 tardng daihpc, 05 trudng cao d i n g , 07 trudng TCCN) vdi hPn 5.000 hpc sinh (HS) chinh quy dang theo hpc Chi tieu tuyen sinh he chinh quy TCCN hang nam dupc phat trien theo nhieu hudng khong on djnh vdi toe giam tren 20% Tong (kil-412016} sothisinhtaing tuyen heTCCN nam 2015 Ia2.231/ 4.370 HS, dat tile 51,1% chi tieu dupe giao, giam 20% so vdl tuyen sinh nam 2014 NhUng narn gan day, he tnjng cap ehuyen nganh kTthuatva ke toan, taichinh, van hda, du ljch deu tuyen sinh khdng diJ chi tieu, tham chicd nganh ca khdng tuyen dupe HS nao, neu cd tuyen dupc thiHS khdng dam bao chat Iupng nhu Nganh van hda nghe thuat; chi nhait Trudng Cao dang Y Hai Phdng la hang nam tuyen dij so'Iupng HS heTCCN Nguyen nhan cua nhung kho khan tuyen sinh heTCCN d T P Hai Phdng 2.1 Nguyen nhan khach quan: -Tam li xa hpi hien cua nhieu ngudi van cdn tu "hpc de lam quan", tudd dan den viee sinh b^ng cap.Theoketquatd'ng hpp cua BpGD-DT, hien cd tdi 90% HS trung hpc phottidng dang kittii vao dai hoe; HS khdng vao 6\iac dai hpc dupc coi la that bai dudng lap nghiep - Nhung ehinh sach uu dai cho dao tao TCCN, dac biet che dp lUPng sau td't nghiep TCCN hien ehua duthuyetphLie phy huynh va HSdehp It/a chon hpc nghe la dudng lap nghiep - Hoatdpng hudng nghiep eua cac tardng tilrtnjng hpc ccrsdden trung hpc phdthdng deu tap trung vao cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang chinh quy, han chetrong viec dinh hudng hpc nghe va TCCN; lua ehpn hpc TCCN, hoc nghe la mpt lua ehpn cud'i ciJng ma khdng the vao 6\scic dai hpc, cao dang -Thuc ehat, so Iupng HS phothdng eang It ' Sd Giao due va Sao tao TP Hai Phong Tap chi Gido due so 379 i dido chinh sach sinh deed ke hoaeh, nhieu doanh nghiep md ehi can tuyen lao ddng thdng ma khdng can dao tao nghe, TCCN cd chuyen mdn - Hpc phi hpc TCCN thap, khong diJ de thuc hien eae hoatddng giang day Ben canh do, hpc phi hpc TCCN cua cac trudng cdng lap va ngoai cdng lap chenh qua Idn do'i vdi cung chuyen nganh daotao - Hai Phdng la mot tiianh phocdng nghiep, nhien canh tranh, cac doanh nghiep thu hep san xuat, sinh vien trudng khd tim dupc viec lam nhuymu6n.NhJngnganhthemanhcuaTP.Hai Phdng nhu ddng tau, van tai bien, dang gap rat nhieu khd khan - So Iupng cac trudng dai hpc va cao dang nhieu, sdlupngcactn/dngcaodangnghekhdng ngiing gia tang, dau vao hpc TCCN la rat it, hieu suat dao tao thap Tir nam 2006 de'n nay, so'Iupng trudng va ccr cau nganh nghe da phat trien rat nhanh, ehi tinh neng TP Hai Phdng da ed tdi gan 45 trudng, co sd tham gia dao tao TCCN dan tdi tinh trang cung cao hPn cauvlhpctap -Hoatdpng gan ketgiua CO so dao tao TCCN va doanh nghiep tren dia ban phochua tot, Nhieu doanh nghiep dung ngoai quatrinh dao tao la mdt trd npai rat Idn viec tao md'i lien ket giua td: Ngudihgc - Nha tn/dng - Doanh nghiep 2.2 Nguyen nhan chu quan: • Chat Iupng dao tao TCCN cdn han che, chua dap ijng dupc nhu cau doanh nghiep, cu the: + Npi dung day hpc chua sat thi/c Xe, khdng ed tinh cap nhat, cdn nang ve mat li thuyet; + Phuong phap day hpt; ehua tien tien, chua phu hpp; + Dpi nqij giao vien thieukinh nghiemjhijc tien, khdng cd nhieu dieu kien detiep xuc thuc tiin dcac doanh nghiep; 4-Co sdvat ctiait phuc vu day hpc vathuc hanh chua dap iJTig yeu cau;+Chua ehu trpng den viec dao tao ngoai ngUva eac kTnang mem cho HS, dd sau trudng khong dap ung duoe yeu cau cua xa hpi ^ -Viec djnh hudng li/achpn nganh nghedactrung cua cac ccr sdcung han ehe, dan den tinh trang dao tao chong cheo, chait Iupng daotao chua dupc quan tam ttioa dang Ngudi hoc trudng chua dap ung dupc yeu cau cua cdng viec, d§n de'n tinh trang that nghiep vdi chinh nganh nghe dupc dao tao S.Giaiphap nang cao chat luong tuyen sinh he TCCN d T P Hal Phong 3.1 Vdi ca sa dao tao: - Ve quan diem, cac ccr sd nha tardng can xac djnh va chu trpng viec dao tao nganh nghe gan vdi nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep va dam bao khanant lien thong len trinh cao hon nhu cao d§ng, dai hoc - De dam bao hieu qua hoat dpng dao tat TCCN can phai m d rdng cac loai hinh dich vg sai dao tao, xae dinh moi lien he bien chilmg giUa "khai quatrinh daotao cua nhatrudng; TuyensB)h Dao tao - Dich vu -Cac nha tnidng xac dinh lai nganh dao tao lalttj manh cda minh detap trung dau tumpimat(d6ingC giao vien, ca sdvat chat, chucrng trinh dao tao, quj trinh dao tao} n h i m dao tao mdt ttie he ngudi lao dpng datdupcnhungmuctieudatra.cddij kha nang canh tranh thi tn/dng lao dpng -Npi dung dao tao phai theo quy djnh chuan dia BpGD-DT,quatrinh daotao phai dam bao dupc tinh lien thong - C hu trpng viec dao tao cung ung cho nudc ngoa bdithitordng rat tiem nang va dem lai ldi nhuan eao, nhung day la viec lam khdng d l nen phai tl^ hanh ttrng bude eh^e ehan -Quan tam tim hieu mdt each bai ban vaco chien lupc ve nhu cau eac doanh nghiep, tudd dieu chinh lai chuong trinh dao tao cae nganh nghesat vdi thucte', tranh tinh trang doanh nqhiep phaidao tao lai sau tuyen dung; dongthdibosung eae mdn tuchpn phy hpp nham tang cudng kTnang mem cho ngudJhoc, giup hp cd kha nang thieh ung kip thdi vdi bien dpng cua nghe nghiep - Hien nay, tuyen sinh dupc HS da kho, viSc § dupc HS edn khd hPn ratnhieu, II la nhanthiJccyf mpt bpphan khdng nhoHS hoc TCCN chi la tan thdi, chua chon dupc nghe phu hpp vdi kha nangcua minh d i n de'n chan nan Do do, cac nha trudng phai tdng budc lam td't dupc cong tac tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cho HS, cap nhat thudng xuyen hOn nUa ve tinh hinh viec lam ben ngoai doanh nghiep eho HS; tddd khuyen khieh, ddng vien tinh thin hpc tap eua cac em - Nang cao nang luc cua dpi ngu giao vien b^g each thue hien dao tao ttieo md dun kT nang hanh nghe (Modules cf Employable Skills-MES) - Quan II chat lucmg theo ISO 3.2 Vdi Hai Phong: - Thanh lap tamg tam du bao tinh hinh viec lam tren dja ban TP Hai Phdng, mpt sd'tinh lan canva cac nudc khu vuc Xay dung tam nhin vh nhu cau viec lam theo tiing giai doan cu ttie decac trudng cddjnh hudng, tUdddua cacchinh sach phiihcq) cho hoatddng dao tao eua dPn vi minh (Xem Hep trang 5SI 21 Tgp chi Giao due so 379 (kil-4/2016) i ... san xuat, sinh vien trudng khd tim dupc viec lam nhuymu6n.NhJngnganhthemanhcuaTP.Hai Phdng nhu ddng tau, van tai bien, dang gap rat nhieu khd khan - So Iupng cac trudng dai hpc va cao dang nhieu,... viec, d§n de''n tinh trang that nghiep vdi chinh nganh nghe dupc dao tao S.Giaiphap nang cao chat luong tuyen sinh he TCCN d T P Hal Phong 3.1 Vdi ca sa dao tao: - Ve quan diem, cac ccr sd nha tardng... tao nganh nghe gan vdi nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep va dam bao khanant lien thong len trinh cao hon nhu cao d§ng, dai hoc - De dam bao hieu qua hoat dpng dao tat TCCN can phai m d rdng cac loai