LY L U A N THUC TifiN KINH NGHIEM DAO TAO, BOI Dl/O^NG can bo nQ ngadi dan toe thieu so \H s> ^̂ TS NGUYEN THI MAI HOA Tmng ucmg Hpi Lien hiep Phj^ nO Viet Nam Chu trucmg, chinh sach Sinh thai, Chii t[.]
LY L U A N - THUC TifiN - KINH NGHIEM DAO TAO, BOI Dl/O^NG can bo nQ ngadi dan toe thieu so \H s> ^^ TS NGUYEN THI MAI HOA Tmng ucmg Hpi Lien hiep Phj^ nO- Viet Nam Chu trucmg, chinh sach Sinh thai, Chii tich H6 Chi Minh luon quan tam dSn vin d^ dao tao, b6i duang can bp dSn tpc thiSu s6 (DTTS) noi chung, can bp nu ngu6i DTTS noi rieng Nguoi coi day la m6t nhi$m vy trpng yeu cua chinh sach binh dang giai, dan t6c m^ Dang va Nha nudc ta phai thucmg xuyen th\rc hi?n Quan triet tu tuong cua Ngudi, Dang va Nha nudc ta da c6 nhieu chinh sach khuySn Ichich can bp, c6ng churc nu hpc tap, nang cao trinh dp nhu: quy djnh ty le 30% trd len can bp nu tham gia cac khoa dao tao chinh tri, quan ly nha nudc; binh dang nam, nu ve dp tuoi dao tao, bdi dudng, che dp ho tra cho can bp nil mang theo nhd dudi 36 thang tudi tham gia dao tao, bdi dudng*''; quy dinh cac hinh thiic dao tao linh hoat, phu hop vdi dilu ki§n, hoan canh ciia nu can bp, cdng chiic, vien chiic dang nudi nho; hd trg bang tiSn, tao diSu ki$n ve nai d, noi gui tre, trudng mim non nu can bp, cdng chiic mang theo d^n ca sd dao t^o, boi dudng'^* Theo Trung uang Hdi Lien hiep Phu nu (LHPN) Viet Nam, ngoai cdc khoan phu cap chimg, hi$n da cd 53/63 tinh, co che dp rieng cho can bd nir tham gia dao tao, t^p huln D^c biet cd 20 tinh, c6 chinh sach hd tra them cho can bd nii DTTS, can bp nii c6 dudi 36 thdng tudi di dao tao, bdi duang D I cd ca sd phap ly nham thuc hien tdt cdng tac can bp DTTS, IJy ban Dan tpc va Bd xay dang oang s6 7-2016 Ndi vu da phdi hap xay d\mg, ban hanh Thdng tu lien tich sd 02/2014/TTLT-BNVUBDT quy dinh chi tilt hudng din thi hanh chinh sach can bd, cong chiic, vien chuc ngudi DTTS Trong dd neu ro: Cac ca quan, td chiic d Trung uong cln tuyin dyng, quy hoach, dao tao, boi duong, bd nhiSm, su dung dpi ngii can bp, cong chiic, vien chirc ngudi DTTS bao dam ty le hgp ly UBND cic tinh, phd true thudc Trung uang tuyen dung, quy hoach, dao tao, bdi duotig, bd nhiem, sii dung dpi ngii can bd, cdng chiic, vien chiic ngudi DTTS, bao dam ty Ie hgp ly, tucmg ung vdi ty 1? nguoi DTTS tai dia phuang; cac dja phuang vung DTTS nhat thiet phai co can bp, cong chiic, viSn chiic lanh dao, quan ly la ngudi DTTS JJu tien quy hoach, bd nhiSm can bg, cdng chiic, vien chuc ngudi DTTS \k nu, tre tudi, dan tpc it ngudi vao cac ca quan, dan vi he thdng chinh tri cac cap Lugt Bau cu d^i biSu Qudc hpi va HDND nam 2015 quy dinh phai bao dam cd it nhSt 18% ngudi DTTS va it nhlt 35% la nii danh sach chinh thiic nhiing ngudi ling cii dai bieu Qudc hpi Ket qua HiSn nay, ca nudc cd hon 300 trudng dan tgc n$i tni, ca ban dap iing nhu clu t&o nguon dao tgo cdn bg ngudi DTTS ndi chimg, can bo nii ndi rieng cho cdc dja phuang Tii nam 1990 ddn nay, Bg Gido due vd Dao tao da tuyin sinh, md cdc ldp h? cu tuyin ddnh cho LY L U A N - THUC TI^N - KINH NGHI$M hpc sinh DTTS tai mdt sd trudng dgi hpc, cao Vift Nam da trien khai cac ldp dao tap, bdi dang, trung d p Tii nam 2006, chl dp cii dudng can bg hgi cac cap, uu tien ngudn tuyen dugc thuc hien theo Nghi dinh l\rc cho 22 tinh, trgng diem ve cdng tdc 134/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu nhlm tao dan tgc Tii nam 2010 din 2015, Hgc vi$n da dilu kipn cho hgc sinh DTTS, hgc sinh d vung to chiic dugc 47 ldp tnmg cap chuyen ngdnh dac biet kho khan dugc vac hpc tai cdc trudng cdng tac xa hgi va ldp trung cap ly luan chinh dai hpc, tao ngudn can bd cho cdc xa, huy$n tri - hdnh chinh cho 2.745 cdn bd hgi vd cdn mien niii Theo ket qua giam sat ciia Hgi dong bp ngudn cua hpi LHPN cac cap; to chiic dugc Dan tgc Qudc hgi, sau 25 nam thuc hiSn da cd 96 ldp so d p vdi 5.515 can bd hdi vd 103 ldp 52 tinh vdi hon 20.000 hpc sinh thudc 49/54 bdi dudng cho 3.983 cdn bg hdi, cdn bp nu, thdnh phan dan tgc dugc thu hudng chinh sach dd cd nhieu can bd nu, can bd hgi ngudi Can bd nii nhieu dan tgc nhu Tdy, Thdi, DTTS Ket qud, trinh do, nang luc dgi ngu cdn Khmer, Nung, Mdng, Mudng, Dao, Cd Lao, bg hgi dugc nang len ro ret, dac biet la ddi ngii Cdng, Mang, Ro Mam cd co hgi vd dieu cdn bd hgi d co sd Tai 63 tinh, thdnh vd don kien de dugc hgc tap, bdi dudng, nang cao vi tryc thuge (Cdng an va Quan dpi) sd nang l\rc, trinh chuyen mdn 13.501 chii tich hdi, ty le dgt chuan chiic danh Nhixng nam qua, can bp, cdng chiic nii la 78,5% ngudi DTTS lam viec khu virc cdng Ddng thdi, cdc cap hdi chii trpng tap huan ngdy cdng tang Tinh Dien Bien ty le cdn bd, cho cdn bp hdi vung trpng diem DTTS cac ky cdng chuc khu vuc cdng chiem 36%, nang hoat ddng 3k chii ddng phdt hien vd xii dd cdn bd, cdng chtic nii DTTS 18,7% ly cac tinh hudng cd lien quan den cdng tdc Tinh Lao Cai ty Ie la 62,2% vd 15% Tinh van ddng phu nii DTTS Mgt sd dia phuong da Kon Tum ty le ndy Id 56,8% va 12,5% Trong cd chinh sdch ho trp cdn bg nu, cdn bg hgi di cac CO quan dan cii, sudt nhiem ky Qudc hpi ddo tgo, bdi dudng ve ky nang theo hudng gan day, ty le dai bieu ngudi DTTS chiem tu "cam tay, chi viec" Dien hinh la Hdi LHPN 15,6% din 17,3% (so vdi ty le dan sd la tinh Ha Giang da thuc hien thdnh cdng De dn 14,3%) Trong tdng sd 500 dai bieu Qudc hgi dua can bd hdi d co sd luan phien len h0i khda XIII, cd 78 dai bilu Qudc hdi (15,6%) LHPN huyen hgc viec; mdi dot khoang tuan ngudi DTTS thudc 29 dan tdc khde nhau, den va mdi can bd chu chdt cap ca sd dugc hgc tiJ tii 26 tinh, phd Dai bieu ngudi DTTS den lan nhiem ky tham gia HDND cdp tinh nhiem ky 2011-2016 Han che, khd khan la 688 ngudi (18%); d p huyen 4.237 ngudi Mac du cd kha nhieu cdc cliinh sdch dao tgo, (20,1%); d p xa 62.383 ngudi (22,5%) bdi dudng ddnh cho ddi ngu can bg nit ngudi Trong biic tranh chung ve dao tao cdn bd nii DTTS nhung ket qua vdn cdn han che Ty 1? DTTS, cdng tac ddo tao, bdi duong cdn bp phu nu tham gia giii vi tri lanh dao chu chot chuyen trach Hdi LHPN Viet Nam ludn dugc cdn it Mdt sd tinh cd cdn bd, cdng chiic nii coi trpng Trong gin 10 nam qua, vdi hai De chilm ty le tren 50%, nhung ty le phu nii tham dn cua Chinh phu ve "Ddo tao, boi duang cdn gia lanh dao cap tinh nhiem ky 2011 -2016 (phd bo chii chdt Hpi LHPN cdp quan, huy?n vdxd, giam ddc sd, nganh vd tuong duong trd len) phucmg, thi trdn, giai doan 2008-2012" vd chua tucmg xiing vdi luc lugng cdn bg, "£)do tao, bdi dudng cdn bp Hpi LHPN cdc cdng chiic nu, cu the: Lai Chau 25,9%, Ldo cdp, giai doan 2013-2017% Hpc vien Phu nii Cai 23,3%, Hda Binh 39,8%, Dien Bien Xdy di/ng Dang sfi 7-2016 LY L U A N - T H U C TifiN - K I N H N G H I $ M 28,l%t^> Cdng tac ddo tao, bdi duong can bd DTTS cdn chap vd, thilu chiln luge Chua can ddi giua ddo tao Iy lugn va chuyen mdn nghiep vu, thudng thien v l ddo tgo ly lugn chinh tri md khdng chii y v l kiln thiic chuyen mdn nghilp vu, qudn ly kmh t l , qudn ly nhd nudc Nang v l Iy thuylt, chua coi trgng trang bi lain thurc, ky nang thuc hanh, xii Iy cdc tinh hudng thuc tien Nguyen nhan chii yeu mgt sd chinh sach thilu tinh ttiuc tiln, mdt sd quy dinh cdn chung chung, chua dupc cu th6 hda, chua ddng bd, thdng nhlt vdi yen clu Nghi quyet sd 11 NQ/TW 24-4-2007 ciia Bd Chinh tri v l cdng tac phu nii thdi I ^ ddy manh CNH, HDH dat nudc va quy dinh cua Luat Binh ddng gidi Vi du, quy dinh tudi bd nhiem lan dau phai dugc it nhat nhiem ky (5 nam)'"*' da Idm cho can bp nii hoan toan h%t co hdi d tudi tren 50 - Ilia tudi viia cd thdi gian da ldn, viia cd kinh nghiem, dd chin cdng viSc Trong nam d tudi 55 vdn cd co hdi Hoac quy dinh ve dp tudi vd he ddo tao chuong trinh cao cdp ly luan chinh tri (nii giii chiic danh chu chdt dudi 35 tudi phdi di hgc tap trung, nam duoc cao hon tudi)'^* Trong cac chinh sdch thuc hien chien lupc binh ding gidi cung nhu chinh sach thudc cdng tdc dan tdc chua tdch dugc ddi tugng dgc thii Id phu nir DTTS Chua cd nghien ciiu sau de thdy phu nir DTTS chiem ty le bao nhieu nhirng sd thdnh tich binh ddng gidi va thuc hifn chinh sdch dan tpc Vi the, ddi tugng dudng nhu van nam d gdc khuat, khd tilp cgn cdc chinh sdch, nhat Id chinh sach dao tgo, bdi dudng Giai phap TTiu nhdt, rd sodt, bd sung cdc chii truang, chinh sdch ciia Dang va Nhd nudc ve chl dg, chinh sach ddi vdi can bg tre, nii, can bd ngudi DTTS Cdc cdp uy dang, chinh quyln cac d p , nhat Id ngudi dung dau ddnh gid diing thuc trgng, coi trgng, chu ddng tgo ngudn cdn bg nu xay dimg Ddng s6 7-2016 ngudi DTTS Thu hai, dinh ky soat quy hoach can bo nil DTTS, thudng xuyen lua chpn, bd sung can bg nii ngudi DTTS vdo quy hoach Thir ba, ddo tao, bdi duong c l n gdn voi quy hoach; phdn logi doi tugng theo vi tri chiic danh, vung mien, khu vuc d l t l chuc cac hinh thiic ddo tgo, b6i dudng phu hgp voi cdn bg nii DTTS Ludn bao dam tinh chu dgng chuan bi ngudn nhan su de sin sdng gidi thifu cdn bd nir DTTS tham gia d p uy, chinh quyen Thu tu, cln da dang hda cdc hinh thiic dao tgo, bdi duong Tang cudng bdi dudng thong qua thyc tiln Ket hgp cac he ddo tgo chinh quy, tgi chiic, phuong thiic boi dudng qua tham quan, trao ddi kinh n g h i ^ va tu hpc t ^ cua can bd Ddo tgo, bdi dudng kien thuc chuyen mdn, nghiep vu phii hgp vi tri viec lam theo hudng viia trang bi kien thiic co ban, viia coi trgng trang bi ky nang thyrc hdnh, "cam tay chi vifc" d l can bd DTTS d l nhd, de hieu, de lam Da dgng hda ngudn kinh phi, huy dpng cac ngudn luc ho trg cho can bd, cdng chiic DTTS de hp chuyen tam hpc tgp TTwi- ndm, bo tri, quan ly vd sii dung can bfi dung nang luc, sd trudng cdng tdc Mgnh d?n bd tri cdn bd tre, can bg nu, ngudi DTTS ^ qua ren luyfn, thii thdch, dugc ddo tgo ca ban, du tiSu chudn bdu vdo d p uy cac d p , bo tri vdo cac chiic vy lanh dgo, quan ly • (1) Ludt Binh dang gi&i (2) Nghi dfnh so | 48/2009/NB-CP ngdy 19-5-2009 cua Chinh pitu (3) Bdi phdt bieu cua nguyen BQ trudng, Clii nhifm Uy ban Ddn tpc Gidng Seo Phu tai Dai hgi dgi bieu phu nit todn quoc ldn thu XI (4) Ban To chiec Trung uang, Huang ddn so 26-HD/BTCTW ngdy 18-8-2014 (5) Ban To chirc Tmng uang, Cong vdn s6 4741-CV/BTCTW ngdy 20-5-2013 "ve mpt so van de ddo tgo cao cdp ly lugn chinli ni - hdnh chinh "