VAN HOA HOC DlTOlNG VAN DE THEN CHOT CUA QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN NHAN CACH HOC SINH NGUYEN QUANG KINH Email n(il(inh@gmail coin Tom t6t Bdi viet khdng dinh van hoa hoe dUdng Id van de then ehdt cua qud t[.]
VAN HOA HOC DlTOlNG - VAN DE THEN CHOT CUA QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN NHAN CACH HOC SINH NGUYEN QUANG KINH Email: n(il(inh@gmail.coin Tom t6t: Bdi viet khdng dinh van hoa hoe dUdng Id van de then ehdt cua qud trinh phdt tnen nhdn caeh hocsinh dung van hoa nha trUdng chinh Id gidi phap giup hoc smh chuyen hoa nhung gid tn xd hoi, dae biet Id nhdng ddc De xdy dung van hoa nhd trUdng thi nhdt thiet phdixoa bo gian doi, bao lUc vd dp dot nha trUdng Xdy gid tn dao Thay vdo do, cdn xdc idp ede gid tri trung thUe, nhdn van, ddn chu - day chinh Id nen tdng cua mot nen gido due Idnh manh Muon chan vdn hoa va dao ddc xd hoi td trudng hoe thi todn bo cdc cap Idnh dao, quan lixd hoi edn phai vdo euoc deed nhdng quyet sdch eu the nham tao su chuyen bien thdt sU manh me todn xd hpi Tifkhda: Vdn hoa hoc dudng; gido due; nhdn cdch; hoc sinh (Nhan bai 18/6/2016; Nhan ket qua phan bien vd chinh sda ngdy 12/7/2016; Duyet ddng Dat van de Trade m d t t h u c t r a n g xa hdi ed n h i e u van de p h d c t a p n h u hien nay, nha t r U d n g p h o t h o n g dQng t r a d e hai nga re, hoac ia c h a p n h a n nhQng tac d d n g t i e u cQc t r o n g xa hdi n h a m d t t a t y e u , hoac y thQc d a a c t a e a e h dai d i e n c h i n h thQc cua ca nen v a n hda ma kien d m h sQ m a n g g i a o due Viec e h o n ngS re nao doi vdi nha giao va nha t r u d n g d e u day nhQng t h a c h t h d c , k h d khan, Neu c h o n n g ^ re thQ nhat thi nha t r a d n g se m a t di tac d u n g g i a o due Thay eo van d e n t r U o n g n h U n g vdi l o n g t u t r o n g va yeu n g h e se Iudn bi d a n vat t r u d e nhQng tha hda n g a y noi day, Cdn n e u c h p n nga re thQ hai t h i phai d d i d i e n vdi eac bieu hien p h a n giao due de kien t a o m o i t r a d n g giao due N h u n g d e n d a p lai, thay ed d a o c cha m e hoe smh tin n h i e m , t i m m p i each c h o eon e m t h u h U d n g s u day bao eiia nha t r U d n g Xay d u n g van hda nha t r a d n g (VHNT) la m o t t r o n g nhQng giai p h a p doi mdi cdn bdn ve g i a o due, Van hoa nha trQdng - V a n de t h e n chot cua q u a t r i n h p h a t trten n h a n each hoc sinh Oe d o i m d i can ban ve giao due t h i t r u d c het can ddi m d i nhan thQc ve cae vdn de cdn bdn Van de can b a n d a u tien can doi m d i n h a n thdc la ve c o n n g u d i doi t u o n g k i e m chu t h e eua hoat d d n g giao d y e La eon n g u d i , c u n g c d t i n h ea n h a n , t i n h xa h p i , t i n h n h a n loai, n h u n g k h d n g g i d n g het K h d n g chii d nade ta, nha trUdng t d n g v u d n g vao k h u y n h h u d n g xem nhe tinh cd nhan nhan manh tinh xd hoi V\ the, d a n d e n sU cdo bang, dp ddi theo cung mot khuon mau Tinh t r a n g nhan m a n h t i n h xa hdi, x e m nhe t i n h ca n h a n h a m chQa t r o n g each xac d m h sd m a n g g i a o due C h i i n g ta van ndi, n h a m "nang cao d a n t r i , d a o tao n h a n IQC, bdi d u d n g n h a n t a i " nhU vay la ndi v e y e u eau dao tao nhQng t h e he, chQa ndi d e n m o n g m u d n phdt tnen hodn todn nhdng ndng lUe sdn eo ciia m d i ca n h a n Vd h i n h t r u n g , x e m nhe trach n h i e m ciia nha t r a d n g d o i vdi t d n g n g u d i hoc Han nUa, ngoai c h u y e n faen n o n g den nhe, each xac d m h ay m d i d d n g d eho coi eon n g u d i la ddng lUc, nghia la phuang tien c h d ehaa thay eon n g a d i \Z • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC 27/12/2016) la mue dieh Vdi q u a n n i e m c o n n g U d i la d o n g lue p h a t t n e n , nha t r a d n g t h i e n ve k h u y e n k h i c h n g h i t h e o , n d i t h e o , lam t h e o va lay d o l a m c h a t l a o n g , Neu thQc sQ n h Q vay thi d a o t a o eon ngudi cong eu hay ngUdi tuehu van c d n la v a n de phai giai q u y e t Xuat p h a t tQ n h a n thQc, ngUdi khdng nhdng Id dong luc md tren het Id muc dich phdt trien th't viec xac d i n h sQ m a n g eua g i a o d y e rat c a n c a n b a n g ve trach n h i e m d o i vdi ea n g u d i h o c va xa h d i , Khi d d , sQ m a n g eua g i a o d y e k h d n g gi khae la phdt tnen ngudi Va hoc de Idm ngUdi c h i n h la m u c d i c h cao n h a t cua viee hoc Ngay t r o n g boi c ^ n h t h i e u h u t n h a n iQc c d c h a t l u a n g t h i chi nao nha t r U d n g xac d i n h d a o c n h i e m v y hoc vd day Idm ngudi, lue ay m d i ed t h e xay d u n g d u p e nen t a n g iau b e n eho chat l a o n g n h a n luc, ThQc t e , viec n g a d i Viet di xuat k h a u lao d o n g bi n h i e u tai t i e n g chQng to eai y e u k e m ciia n h a n lUe Viet k h d n g chi d kl n a n g nghe n g h i e p ma n g a y ea t h a i d d lao d o n g va p h a m chat dao ddc, n g h i a la ve phuang dien Idm ngudi Nen q u a n m e m t h e nao la Idm ngUdi? N h a triet hpc c h a r a n g , d c o n n g u d i ed t i n h t h u v a t , hieu la m d t hdu the song; c d t i n h n h a n v a n , h i e u la hUu the song cd li tinh; co t i n h n h a n each, hieu la hdu the song coll tinh d d n g thdi CO the quy trdch nhiem ' Cae nha t a m li hoc dien giai, eau t r i i e t a m li d c o n n g u d i c d ba mQc, t h a p nhat la b i n h dien cd the, rdi d e n b i n h d i e n cd nhdn va cao nhat la b i n h dien nhdn cdch Phat t n e n , p h a t h u y n h u t h e nao d e dat tdi b i n h dien cao h o n la d o g i a o d u e va t u g i a o d u e ^ Nha vay CO t h e h i e u , lam ngudi Id eo nhdn each; hoc vd day Idm ngudi Id phdt tnen nhdn cdch Nhdn cdch ed n h i e u each d i n h n g h i a , m o i each phan a n h m d t li t h u y e t ca b a n t h u d c m d t hoac m d t so ITnh VUc, D d i vdi y hoc, c d d i n h nghTa r i e n g ve n h a n each lam A Kant Piiilosopliy Dictionary - Ban tieng Viet Tadien Trielhoc Kanr,NXBTrithUc,tr315-3l6 Pham Minh Hac, Gia tn ban than - Casdcua Nhan each, tham luan tai Toa dam He gia tn ca nhan - Muc tieu phat tnen nhan cacli ngLfdi lioccua He thong giao due, Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong to chCrc NGHIEN COU Li LUAN CO sd chan doan/chQa trj eac can benh ve than kinh Ddi vdi khoa hpc td chQc, nhan each daoc quy gon gom ddc vd tdi, nham Qng dung viec lya ngadi tham gia doan the hoac chpn ngQdi lam viec Vi vay, ITnh vyc gi^o due can mdt dinh nghla phu hpp, neu dUdc nhQng gi can hinh d hpc sinh va chinh hpc sinh can tQ hinh de kien tao nhan each ban than Theo mdt Toan thQ ve Giao dye: "Mye tieu phdt triin nhdn cdch Id hinh thdnh mot mau cd nhdn nhdt ve cdc ndng luc, cdc ddng ca, ede gid tri, nhdng thdgiup cd nhdn ddp dng theo kieu rieng eua minh phu hap vdi hodn canh vd cdc tdc dong mdi trUdng cua ea nhdn dy" ^ Nhu vay, nhan each gom nang lUc, ddng cavdgld tri d day, xin ddoc luu y den eac gia trj.Theo tam li hpc, gid tri bdn thdn eua moi cd nhdn la ca sd hinh va the hien nhan each hoat ddng Han nQa, cdu true nhdn cdch la cdu true gid tri; va ca sd eua eau true ay la ndnglde gid tri; nhd ed nang iQc chuyen biet ma ngUdi tao lap gia trj cua minh, bay td thai dp doi vdi gia tri ban than va doi vdi gia tri cua ngUdi khac, cung nhQ ddi vdi gi^ trj cua xa hdi", Vdi chu de dang ban den la xdy dUng vdn hoa thi ngQdi cung vdi nhan each va gia tri ia van de trung tam Bdi vi "Van hda khdng chi bao gom van hpc nghe thuat ma e^ cae hinh thQc song, cae quyen ea ban eua eon ngQdi, cdc he thong gid tn, truyen thong va nhQng loai hinh tin ngQdng^ Can iQu y la, "cae he thdng gia tri"tuy chi la mot phan ciia van hda nhung lai la cai chi phoi nhQng bieu hien dae trQng cho van hda, Sd di nha vay la bdi vi qua trinh tdn tai va phat trien, xa hdi hay mdt nhdm xa hdi du the nao cung cd mot he gia tn chung Cae gia trj nha vay cho phep ton tai nhQng ki vong va hieu biet chung ve e^i tot, cai dep, cai eo tinh xay dyng., He gia tri ay dapc tri bang cae quy pham dao dQc va quy pham phap luat, Cae quy pham dao dQc, phap luat chinh la sQkhIng dinh cua xa hpi hay nhdm xa hpi doi vdi nhQng gia tri ma xa hpi hay nhdm xa hdi mong mudn d moi ca nhan Neu khdng cd cae chuan mQc ma xa hdi hay nhdm xa hdi quan mem ca nhan can theo, thi se khdng cd tham chieu van hda de ludng cae dac tinh cua cae gia tri ca nhan, do b i n sSc van hda se tan Tac ddng eua van hoa ddi vdi qua trinh hinh gia tri xa hdi d ngQdi, da dQoc Uneseo khai quat: "Thdng qua vdn hoa md ngUdi nhdn thdc, phdn biet vd lUa chon cdc gid tn Thong qua vdn hda md ngUdi the hien chinh minh, cd y thdc veminh, nhdn subdt todn 3, Personality development The Encyclopedia of Education Macmillan Company & The Free Press, Volume 7/10, p76 Nguyen van tieng Anh "Personality development (PD) refers to the establishment over time of an individual's unigue pattern of capacities, motives, and values, which predisposes him to respond m a characteristic manne Tham luan tai Toa dam ve"Hegia tnca nhan- Muc tieu phat tnen nhan each nguoi hoc cua He thong giao due" Ban Tuyen giao Trung i/ong phoi hdp veil Quy Hda binh va Phat tnen Viet Nam to chuc Uneseo, Mexico City Declaration on Cultural Policies (26 July-6 August 1982) ffl cua minh "^ NhQ vay, cd the kh^ng dinh, xay dQng VHNT chinh la giai phap giup hpc sinh chuyen hda nhQng gja tri xa hpi, dac biet la nhQng gia tri dao dQc -"n/em tin ve nhQng gi la dung va sai va nhQng gi la quan trpng cupc song"', trd gia tri/niem tin ciia ban than Xay dyng VHNT, trade het nha tradng/nha giao can nhan IhQc, phan biet, lya chpn eac gia tri, va can nhan sQ bat toan cua nha tradng Hien nay, cai bat toan cua nha tradng thi khong it, nhang dang lo nhat la tinh trang gian ddi, bao Igc va ap dat Day la ba can benh dang huy hoai giao due Be xay dang VHNT thi nhat thiet phai x6a bd gian ddi, bao iQcva ap dat nha trddng.Thay vao dd, can xac lap eac gia tri trung thue, nhdn vdn, ddn chu nen tang cua mot nen giao dye lanh manh Trung thUc phai la so mot Nha tradng phai la noi tdn trpng sythat Bang viec khuyen khich va neu gaong, bSng CO che giam sat va bien phap ki luat, tien tdi mpi vien, ca thay lan trd deu khdng mudn, khdng dam, khdng the thQc hien nhQng hanh vi gian lan, doi tra De khSe phyc bao iQc, can de cao tinh than nhan van/nhan nha trQdng Thay khdng the danh mSng, mat sat hpc trd Trd khdng the danh Nhan van/nhan va bao/ap che la ranh gidi giQa nhan tinh va phi nhan tinh Khi tinh than nhan van/ nhan tdn tai sau dam d moi ea nhan, thi eye doan, cuong tin, han thil - ngudn goc cua bao iQc - se khong cd cho trQdng hpc, Ddn chu nha trQdng, theo Dewey, khdng nen hieu nhQ mdt the che chinh tri,xa hdi, ma nhQ"nep sdng" Dac diem eua "nep sdng dan chu" nha trQdng la mdi goi sQth^o luan trUdc nhQng eau hdi, nhQng van de gap phai, cho tdi tim dQpc giai phap ma deu thay cd phan minh dd NhQ vay, dan chii nha trQdng khdng nhim tim kiem da so thong qua la phieu ma nh^m den sQtham difva ddng thuan^ Ue tieu ehi cu the cua VHNT eo nhQng tieu chi rat dang luuy.Vidu, phai bao dam de "thanh cong cua moi ca nhan deu duac cong nhdn"; de "nhQng y kien phe binh, phSn bien khong mang tinh doi khdng"; de"sai lam khdng bi trQng phat nhQ la that bai, md duac col Id co hdi de cd thay vd tro hoe hdi vd phdt tnen"' Day la nhQng tieu chi ve van hda phi vat the, Cdn ve van hda vat the thi tradng sd, dac, thiet bi phSi sach se, dep de, ngan nap; deu chQa dang va the hien van hda cua nha trudng Mot nha giao due Nga, dng Makarenko tQng ndi: "fv^oi met vuong cua trUdng hoc deu phdi cd tdc dung gido due" Dd la mdt yeu cauthUete Cae nha giao due khdng ngQng khang djnh, giao Uneseo, Mexico City Declaration on Cultural Policies (25 July-6 August 1982) 7, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionarynghia thCr ba "Values are beliefsaboutwhat IS right and wrong and what is important m life; " moral values, ^ a return to tradtctional values in education, such as firm discnpline ^ The young have completely different set of values and expectation." Bui Van Nam Son, Nha truang, Bao Nguoi thi http,//www nguoidothi Glossary of Education Reform • Muc tCr School Culture ( h n p / / edglossary,org/schooLculture/) nhung cho in nghieng nguoi H bai n nhan SO 135-THANG12/2016* 13 dye dich thac la khai goi sQ phat then hoan toan, tQ than de cd nhQng quyet sach eu the nhim tao sQ chuyen d moi ca nhan tQ tuoi au tho cho den trQdng dong that sa manh me toan xa hpi Mudn vay, doi Nghia la giao dye phai chuyen hda tU giao dye de mdi khdng chi ve kinh te ma phai khae phyc nhQng bat ngudi hoc tU Idm minh Oe cd daoc bade chuyen tQ cap cang rd ve mat the che, trade het la nhQng gl trang thai "bit chQde", "vang Idi" den eho ed daoc mdt dang trQc tiep tac ddng tieu cUc den van hda va dao dQc nhan each ddc lap, tu do, sang tao tU va hanh xa hdi.Vdi md hlnh quan li xa hpi hien nay, neu khdng cd ddng, thi tuoi tre hpe dudng rat can sU tro giup, diu dat su quan tam cua cae cap lanh dao tQ trung uong den dia eua cae nha giao giau long yeu ngudi yeu nghe, hieu biet phuang thi du la nhQng thay doi khong Idn xay sau sac ve ngUdi va nghe giao, Bai hoc Idn nhat riit dang mdi tradng van hda cua nha tradng cung khd ed qua trinh eai eaeh/doi mdi giao due la nhQng thethanhedng, gi chua cdng deu tQ sQ bat cap ciia nha giao, ma TAIUfUTHAIVlKHAo nguyen nhan la chinh sach doi vdi nha giao, tQ dao tao, tuyen dyng den dai ngd, tdn vinh [1 ] Ban Chap hanh Trung aong Dang Cdng s^n Viet Trong hon nQa the ki da qua, ben canh viec neu Nam (khda Xf), Nghi quyet 5629 NQ/TW, Nghi quyet sd33 yeu eau xay dQng mdi trQdng giao due, da nhieu lan NQ/rw [2] 66 Giao due va Dao tao, Chuang tr'inh gido due nganh Giao due dua nhQng khau hieu the hien gia tri van hda cot !di cua mdt tradng hoe: "Tdt ed vi hoc sinh tong the Chuang tr'inh gido due thong (DU thao thdn yeu", "Tien hoc le hdu hoe vdn" "M6i thay co gido Id thdng8-2015) [3] Quy Hda binh va Phat trien Viet Nam, He gid tri mot tdm guang sdng cho hoe sinh noi theo" "Noi khong vdi benh thdnh tich" "Nhd trUdng than thien, hoc smh tiencd nhdn - l^uc tieu phdt tnen nhdn edeh ngUdi hoe cua He thdng gido due NXB Giao dye Viet Nam, Ha N6I, tien" Cung vdi viee thay ddi cae khau hieu la thay ddi ve [4] Quy Hda binh va Phat tnen Viet Nam, Bien bdn chu trUong, NhQng thay doi nhQ vay it nhieu nang ve hinh thQc, phan anh su non ndng eua eac nha quan li, Kiyeu Toa dam ve "He gid tn ed nhdn- IVIue tieu phdt tnen Thay doi qua nhieu da pha vd nen nep eua nha trudng nhdn cdch ngUdi hoc ciia He thdng gido due" Ban Tuyen ma nen nep ia dieu khdng the thieu doi vdi mdt trUdng gido Trung uang phoi hap vdi Quy Hoa binh va Phat tnen V\et \^am to chde 10-8-2016 hoe [5] Pham Minh Hac, Gid tn hoc, NXB Dan Tr, Ha Ndi Ve xdy dUng vdn hda, ehung tdi eho rang, de hinh [6] Uneseo, /vlexico City Declaration on Cultural van hda, du la eua mdt edng ddng nhd cung can sQ kien nhan/kien tri/kien dmh, nghla la phai cd thai Policies (26 July-6 August 1982) [71.Wikipedia English, Value (Personal and Culture) gian, Khdng cd du thdi gian de tao nen nep, [8] Glossary of Education Reform, School Culture thdi quen thi khdng the cd truyen thong va ehang lam (http.//edglossary,arg/school-culture/) gi cd van hda, Vedieu kien khaeh quan, nha trUdng khdng phai la [9], Personality Development, The Encyclopedia of de dao biet lap vdi xa hdi, Cdng cupc giao due gia tn va Education, Volume 7/10, p, 76, Macmillan Company & kien tao VHNT vdi y nghla la sU khdi dau cdng cudc chan The Free Press van hda, phuc hdi dao dQc xa hdi, rat can dQOc [10], Personality Development, The International toan xa hdi (trade het la gia dinh) ung ho, phoi hap hanh Encyclopedia of Education, Pergamon Press, Volume 7, ddng, Dae biet, cae caquan, to chQc van hda, nghe thuat, [11] Edgar Morin, L'Humanite de I'humanite (Ban truyen thdng va cae van nghe si, nha bao,,, can hop tac tieng Viet: Nhan loai ve nhan loai, Chu Tien Anh chuyen vdi nha trUdng, thdng qua nhQng san pham van hda phu ngQ, nxbTriThQc) hpp vdi nghe nghiep de tdn vinh eai dung, eai tot, cai [12], Michael Sandel, Justice What's the Right Thing dep; phe phan cai xau, eai ae, eai lac hau, thap hen to Do ? (Ban tieng Viet: Phai trai dung sai, Hd Dac Phaong Ket luan dieh, Tai ban lan thd 7, NXB Tre, Mudn chan hQng van hda va dao dQc xa hpi du ehi [13], Howard Caygiil, A Kant Dictionary, Ban tieng khdi dau td trQdng hoe thi toan bd he thdng chfnh tn, Viet, Tddien Triet hoc Kant, NXB Tn ThQc, tQ eac cap lanh dao, quan li xa hdi can phai "vao cudc" [14] l^alaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 SCHOOL CULTURE - A KEY ISSUE OF STUDENTS' PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Nguyen Quang Kinh Email: nqkinb@gmail.com Abstract: This article affirmed school culture as a key issue of students' personality development Building schoo culture IS a solution to help students transform social values, especially moral values It is necessary to eliminate frau violence and hard regulation m schools m order (o develop school culture Instead, we should establish values of hone humanity and democracy - this is the foundation of a healthy education To revive school cultural and social ethics, leade and social managers have to involve in making specific policy decisions in order to create truly powerful changes in socie Keywords: School culture; education; personality, students H • KHOA HOC GIAO DUG ... Vi vay, ITnh vyc gi^o due can mdt dinh nghla phu hpp, neu dUdc nhQng gi can hinh d hpc sinh va chinh hpc sinh can tQ hinh de kien tao nhan each ban than Theo mdt Toan thQ ve Giao dye: "Mye tieu... August 1982) ffl cua minh "^ NhQ vay, cd the kh^ng dinh, xay dQng VHNT chinh la giai phap giup hpc sinh chuyen hda nhQng gja tri xa hpi, dac biet la nhQng gia tri dao dQc -"n/em tin ve nhQng gi la... nhung cho in nghieng nguoi H bai n nhan SO 135-THANG12/2016* 13 dye dich thac la khai goi sQ phat then hoan toan, tQ than de cd nhQng quyet sach eu the nhim tao sQ chuyen d moi ca nhan tQ tuoi au