Nghien cuu Trao dcii Tap chf Cdng sdn GIAO DUC HE GIA TRI VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DUNG NEN VAN HOA VIET NAM TIEN TIEN, DAM DA BAN SAC D A N TOC MAIHAIOANH* Giao dgc hi gid tr{ trong[.]
Nghien cuu - Trao dcii Tap chf Cdng s d n GIAO DUC HE GIA TRI VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DUNG NEN VAN HOA VIET NAM TIEN TIEN, DAM DA BAN SAC D A N TOC MAIHAIOANH* Giao dgc hi gid tr{ nen kinh ti thi tru&ng dinh hu&ng xd hpi chu nghia vd hpi nhgp quic ti th^c chit la qud trinh ldm hinh thdnh & cd nhdn nhung chudn mifc gid tri, cd mpt ly tu&ng sdng, biit xdy dung cupc song trin nhimg gid tri cao dep Bdng th&i gido dgc cho hp nhimg gid tri truyin thing kit hpp v&i hipn dgi di ldm nin tdng cho viic xdy dung mpt chudn mgc gid tri m&i cua vdn hda vd ngu&i Vipt Nam giai dogn hiin Tam quan cua giao due h^ gii tr| va xay dung van hoa Viet Nam hifn Giao due Id mOtfrongnhftng phuong thuc hdt sue quanfrpngtrong quafrinhhuih nhan each Nhd gido due, ngudi ITnh hpi dugc cae gid tri xa hOi,frongdo cd gia tri dgo dfte, giup ngudi hinh va hoan thifn nhan each Sy hinh thdnh nhan each, vi thi ciing la quafrinhsang tgo gid tri Thdng qua giao due, cac khai niem, cdc phgm tru, cdc gid tri dgo dfte dugc nhdn thuc sdu sac hem, hdnh dOng cua ngudi se phft hpp han vdi cdc chudn myc xd hdi, giiip cho n ^ d i ed kha nang ty kidmfra,danh gid, ty thdm dinh, dieu chinh hanh vi ciia minh Vifc day mgnh cdng tac giao due se tgo ca chd phdng ngua, khdc chi cai xdu, gift gin vd phat huy nhftng gid tri tdt dep cua dan tOe Vi the, tft xua ddn gido due ludn dugc de cao, dupe coi ehinh la noi gin gift, truyin thy va phat buy hf gia tri chung cua loai ngudi Ddng ta khang dinh, eon ngudi vfta la myc tieu, vfta la ddng luc cua su phdt tridn kinh td - xa hpi, va the he tie ndu dupc giao due, ddo tao tdt, ed nhan each phat trien se dap ling dugc ddy du nhung yeu cau cua sy nghifp cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda dit nude Nghi quyet Hpi nghj Trung uong khda Vni dat yeu cau ngudi Viet Nam thdi ky cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda phai cd nhftng ddc diem: - Cd y thuc tap the doan ket, phan ddu vi loi ich chung - Cd ldi sdng lanh manh, ndp sdng van minh, can kifm, trung thyc, nhan nghTa, tdnfrpngky cuong phep nudc, quy udc cua cpng ddng; cd y thuc bdo vd va cai thifn mdi trudng sinh thdi - Lao ddng cham chi vdi luang tam nghd nghiep, cd ky thugt, sang tgo, nang suat cao vi Ipi ich cua ban than, gia dinh, tap the vd xa hpi * PGS.TS, T^p chi C6ng san So 876 (thang 10 nam 2015) 67 Nghien cuu - Trao doi - Thudng xuydn hpc tgp, nang cap hidu bilt, trinh dp chuydn mdn, tiinh tham my va the lyc Nghj quydt Hpi nghi Trung uong khda XI xac dinh nhan cdch ciia ngudi Vift Nam la ydu nudc, nhan ai, nghia tmh, tinng thyc, doan kit, can eu, sang tgo Cd thd thiy phuang hudng ddo tgo "nhiing eon ngudi lam chft tuong lai" nhu Nghj quylt HOi nghi Trung uong khda Vlll vd gdn day Id Nghi quydt Hdi nghi Trung uong khda XI da the hifn rat rd ban sic dan tpc ciing nhu dgc tnmg gia tri van hda Viet Nam dd, ngudi mdi vdi tu cdch la sdn pham eua giao dye ludn cd sy kit hpp hdi hda giua truyen thdng va hifn dgi, giua tinh dan tdc va tinh nhan logi Vdi nhiing pham chat va ndng lyc ay, ngudi Vift Nam hodn toan ed du kha nang thich ung trudc sy tdc ddng da ehidu cua xa hpi bung nd thdng tin vd phdt triln manh me Trong mdi trudng xd hOi hifn dgi, ngudi cd dii didu kifn de bit kip nhip difu phdt trien cua thdi dgi neu dugc chudn bi tdt, nhung eiing cd thd nhanh chdng bi tyt hdu ndu khdng dugc chudn bi chu ddo Nhu vgy, sy bgi cua sy nghifp cdch mgng hoan todn tiiy thuOc vao vifc chiing ta gido due, chudn bi eho thd hf fre budc vdo tuong lai nhu thi nao Tap chf C^ng sdn Dd ed dugc thdnh qua each mang nhu ngdy nay, thd hf trd phai ghi nhd cdng sue cua bilt bao thd he di trudc Vdy ndn frdch nhifm cua chiing ta la phai gido dye eho chau biet "udng nudc nhd ngu^n", dii sftc vugt qua nhftng thach thuc mdi cua thdi dgi, dua dat nudc phat trien theo mye tidu dd xac dinh: dan giau, nudc manh, dan chu, cdng bing, van mmh Thuc tien ddi mdi dat nudc frong miy chyc ndm qua cimg cho thdy van de gido dye gid tri cho eon ngudi hifn la van dd vd Cling quanfrgngva cap thiet Da ed luc, ve nhan thfte, chiing ta ehua thay hdt tinh cap thiet cua van dd, tham ehi cdn quan niem gian don vd cdng tac giao dye gia tri Trong qua taptinngphat trien kinh te, chiing ta da vd tinh xem nhe, budng Idng mat van hda, xa hgi Quan didm eiia Ddng ve cdng tac gido due gid tri eho ngudi Vift Nam frong thdi gian qua la hodn todn dling din nhung mdi chi diing Igi d cai chung, chua ludng hit nhftng thay ddi, dien bidn phftc tgp cua ngudifrongdieu kifn kinh te thi trudng vd hpi nhgp qudc td, vi thi, ehua dua nhiing dinh hudng va bifn phap giao dye gia tri, giao dye nhan each kip thdi Thay ro dupe mat hgn ehd nay, cdc van kifn Dai hOi Dang khda XI, nhit la frong Nghi quylt HOi nghi Trung uong khda XI Chiing ta biet rin^, tu tudng "tidng vd dgc bift frong bdi phat bidu Bd mgc HOi ngudi" cua Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh, vd ban nghi Trung uong 10 khda XI, Tdng Bi tiiu chat, chinh la tu tudng ddo tgo, bdi dudng Nguyen Phu Trpng da de nghj phdi di sau thd hf tie kd tyc sy nghifp cdch mgng Ddy la nghidn ciiu va xay dyng dugc hf gia tri vdn mpt sy nghifp lau ddi, day gian khd va cdng hda vd ngudi Vift Nam duang dai Van phu, cdn cd sy thdng nhdt cao dO va sy quan dd Igi dugc nhin mgnh mpt lan niia frong dy thdo cdc van kidn trinh Dgi hdi dai bieu tdm dgc bift cua toan xd hOi todn qudc Idn thft XII eua Dang Tu tudng ehiln lupc frdn ddy cua Chu tjch Hd Chi Mmh da dupc lin lupt cy thi Trong nhidu nam gua chiing ta chii hdafrongNghi quydt Hgi nghj Trung uong tiuong phat trien kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng khda VIII vd N ^ j quylt Hpi nghi Trung xd hpi chu nglua vd hOi nhdp qudc tl, cdc gid uong khda XI cua Ddng Myetiducua gido trj vd sy djnh hudng pa trj eiia ngudi Mft dye Id dao tao dupe nhung ngudi mdi, ed Nam da ed nhftng bidn ddi quan tipng du tam, du tdi, du tim, vua hifn dai, vfta gin Kit qua nghien cuu cua Chuang trinh: bd sau sdc vdi truydn thdng dan tpc "Con ngudi Yiet Nam - Myc tidu va ddng lye 68 So 876 (thang 10 nam 2015) Nghien cuu - Trao doi phdt tiiln kinh tl - xa hOi" (ma sd KX-07) tiiyc hifn frong giai dogn 1991 - 1995, vd mpt iogt eac edng tiinh nghien cuu cua cdc nha khoa hpc frong nhiing nam gan day cho thdy nhung biln ddi ve gia tri va gia trj nhdn each cua ngudi Mft Nam la rat Idn Dieu ma cdc nha khoa hgc luu y dd la nhftng gia tii mang tinh chit chung ciia nhan logi dupc thi hifn dam ndt ban bin nhiing gid tri mang tinh truydn thong Ddy la dilu can dugc nhgn thfte Igi de ed chidn luge giao due gia tri, gido dye dgo due, tu tudng, Idi sdng, nhan each eho phu hpp vdi thyctidnddi mdi Lay he gia tri dutmg dai lam chu dao Tft cudi thd ky XX, vide nghien cdu va thao lugn vd van hda ludn thu hut dupc sy quan tam sdu sac cua xa hOi Budc vdo thd ky XXI, nhdn thfte vd tam quan frpng ciia vdn hda cdng sdng td va sau sac, d ^ bift la nhihig van de lien quan den an nguy eua dan tpc vd nhan loai Nhin tft gdc dp lich sft, ndu ddng chay ehinh cua nfta diu thi ky XX la chgy dua vu frang frong bdi cdnh Chien franh Ignh, ddng chdy chinh cua nfta sau the ky XX Id canh tranh kinh tl, thi ddng chdy chinh ciia thd ky XXI chinh Id dua tranh phat tiiln vdn hda Tdc dOng cua va ehgm, xung dOt, giao luu, hdi nhdp vdn hda cd the vugt Idn trdn ca quan sy, chinh tri, kinh te, y thfte xd hOi, tryc tidp dnh hudng ddn sd phan cua tiing qudc gia, ddn tOc Trong xa hOi hifn dgi, ngi hdm ciia vdn hda cang phong phu va tim quan frpng eiia nd ngdy cang ndi b|lt Phia sau nhftng tyu kinh te da dgt dugc frong thdi ky ddi mdi vd hOi nhap qudc td Id nhftng van de ve lidn quan tin tiic vdn hda, tieu thfte vdn hda va can cude van hda rit dang dd chiing ta nghien cuu Trong ky nguyen todn cau hda, vdn hda frd thdnh ngudn quan frpng ciia lye ty hOi vd lyc sdng tgo ciia dan tOc,frdthanh nhan td quan frgng cua cgnh franh sue mgnh tdng hgp qudc gia Vdn hda frong thdi dgi cd hai ddc dilm quan trpng: I- Sy giao thoa lan T a p chf C;, each mang Vift Nam dang ddi m§t vdi nhidu biln dfng phftc taptidnpham vi thi gidi vd khu vyc, bdn than thyctienddi mdi eung lam sinh nhieu van de cap thilt ddi hdi phai giai quydt linh hogt, sang tgo Cling vdi toan cdu hda, cdc xung dpt va tham thiu van hda tdng len, dp lyc cua ddi sdng hifn dai, sy phat tridn vd cung nhanh chdng cua cdc logi hinh thdng tin truyen thdng hifn dgi, sy bidn dOng cua kinh te thi trudng toan cau, sy xuat hifn ciia xa hpi thuong mai, xa hOi tidu dung, xd hOi tu vdn, khidn cho hoat dpng tu tudng cung nhu sy lya ehpn cua cd nhan da dgng hon, khd kidm sodt hon Tft tidn hanh cdng cupc ddi mdi den nay, bdn cgnh nhftng tyu ve kinh td md ehung ta dd dgt dupe la tinh trang dang lo nggi vd sy xudng cap ciia ldi sdng, nhdn each, nilm tin Mpt dao dfte xd hOi bi xdi mdn, eac gia tii mat dan phuang hudng, vdn hda mit can bdng, xa hpi mdt nidm tin, tinh thdn nhan van sa Slit, thi chi sd hanh phuc eiia ngudi se bi suy gidm, xd hOi se khdng thi dn dinh vd hdi hda, sy phat tiien sd khdng bin viing Dieu ddi hdi phai nhanh chdng dl xuat quan diem gia tri mdi, quan didm dgo dfte mdi Den nay, cau chuydn "an no mac am" khdng cdn la vdn de qud quan frpng ma Viet Nam da thuOc sd ede nudc cd thu nhgp tinng binh, nhung Idi sdng Idnh mgnh, bidt vinh biet nhuc thi vdn la mpt vin dl Idn ein dupc gidi quylt Trong doi sdng hifn nay, tinh hrgng hdn logn quan dilm gid tii, thdi dO vd cam, sy suy thodi dgo dfte, "Ipi ich nhdm" khdng cdn la hien tugng cd bift ma dd lan rpng tdi mOt bO phgn khdng nhd can bd vd nhdn ddn Ddy Id mOt vin dd vd cung nghidm 70 So 876 (thang 10 nSm 2015) Tap chf C^ng sdn frpng, la nguy co ddi vdi sy nghiep each mgng cua nude ta Vi the, vifc xdy dyng hf gia tii da tid thdnh nhifm vy cip bach eua todn Dang, toan ddn ta tiong giai doan each mgng hifn Lay nang cao t h i ^ luc mem van hda quoc gia lam trpng tam Dau nhung nam 90 thd ky trudc, Gid-dep Nai, gido su Dgi hpc Ha-vdt (My) da dl khdi nifm 'Thyc lyc mem" Ndm 2004 eudn sach "Thyc lyc mdm - dudng gianh thdng Igi chinh tri qudc td" dupc xuit ban, chii ylu trinh bay thyc lyc mdmtidnba phuong difn; chinh tri, van hda, ngogi giao Chu dd chmh ma eudn sdeh ludn bdn la thyc lyc mdm van hda qudc gia, phdn tich ddi ftng cua lyc van hda vdi lye kinh td, luc qudn sy, lyc khoa hpc ky thuat, chi tdc dOng vd ndng lyc cua vdn hda thdng qua thd chuydn tai van hda vd phuong thfte van hda c i t ldi cua ly ludn thyc lyc mem Id sue thu hut cua vdn hda, y^ nghia quanfrpngcua nd Id dya vdo sftc mgnh ty than dd phdt huy tdc dyng chft khdng phai thdng qua cudng ehe Dgc diem ca ban cua nd la "sftc mgnh ddng hda" va "tac dyng edm hda": Khudt phyc dugc ngudi la dinh eao nhdt cua sftc manh thyc lyc mdm Theo dd, thyc lyc mem Id sftc sang tao, Id sftc canh tranh, Id lyc tg hOi, Id hda hop Thyc lyc mdm khdng nhiing ydu cdu phai cd tu tudng thdm hgu xuyen suot ma cdn yeu cdu cd sy gan gui chan hoa ve phuang thfte va dudng bieu hifn, l^ng Id ma tbam nhuan, khdng ehu truang cudng ep ma tang cudng sue hap ddn, khdng cudng bfte ma chufrpnghifu qua cua sy thu phue Van de ddt la frong chien luge phdt trien van hda hifn nay, phai nhgn thfte va ly giai de nang cao thyc lye mem van hda qudc gia? Trudc hit, frong sy tuang franh eua cac trao luu tu tudng, vdn hda todn cdu, van hoa eiia chiing ta phdi ed du ndng lyc ty chu vd ndng lyc didu ehinh thichftng,phdi xft ly tdt Nghien cuu - Trao doi quan hf gifta toan eiu hda kinh td vd tinh da dang van hda Trong thdi dgi ngdy nay, cd ba xu hudng ndi bat: kinh td ngdy cdng nhat thd hda, chinh tri ngdy cang da eye hda, van hda ngdy cang da dgng hda Thdm chi, tinh phftc tgp cua van hda duong dgi nam d ehd nd xen vao cd hai: kinh td cd van hda vd chinh trj cung ed van hda Cung vdi su phat tridn nhanh chdng cua khoa hpc ky thuat truyen thdng duong dgi, tinh md rdng, da nguyen eua vdn hda cdng thay the tinh khac bift ve y thuc xa hOi Dilu dd the hifn d hai phuang difn: Mot Id, toan cdu hda va qudc td hda da ldm cho cOng ddng the gidi chdp nhdn nhung khd udc vdn hda chung vd ldi sdng, quan nidm gia tri, chia se nhiing vdn de toan cau fren tinh than nhan van hifn dgi Hai Id, sy khdc bift vd truydn thdng van hda, tdn giao, ldi sdng, quan nifm gid trj gifta cdc qudc gia, sac tOc dan tdi xung dpt, ldm cho khodng each cae ndn van hda ngdy cdng rdng hon Tat ea nhiing tuong phdn ndy khien cho van dd toan cdu hda kinh td vd tinh da dgng van hda ngdy cdng ndi bat, vd xu thd phat tridn ciia thd gidi tuong lai se dugc quydt dinh trdn ca sd quan hf thiie day lan giua hai xu hudng dd Ndi khac di, xft ly nhu the nao gifta c h ^ nhdn gid tri phd qudt toan cdu vdi phat huy gid tri vdn cd cua dan tOe cd y nghia quydt dinh ddi vdi cdc qudc gia dang phat triln Ddn tpc Vift Nam sd dT vyot qua mpi thft thdeh Id bdi cd truyin thdng van hda sau dgm ddng thdi bidt tiep thu tinh hoa van hda nhan logi Vi thd, frong thdi dgi toan eiu hda, cdn phai tinh tdo de khdng lam mit di tinh chii the vdn hda dan tOc, khdng ty ldm suy yeu gen van hda vd mat md van hda cua dan tOc minh Tap chi C