^^11 Nbnicn buu LI LUAN GIAO VIEN CHU NHIEM TRUNG HOC CO Sd TRUdfC YEU CAU DOI M0I GIAO DUC Lini HONG UYEN Phbng Gido due ii Dao tao Qu^n 6, TP Nd cm Minh Email luuhonguyen@vahoo CQm vn Tom tdt Gido v[.]
^^11 Nbnicn buu LI LUAN GIAO VIEN CHU NHIEM TRUNG HOC CO Sd TRUdfC YEU CAU DOI M0I GIAO DUC Lini HONG UYEN Phbng Gido due ii Dao tao Qu^n 6, TP Nd cm Minh Email: luuhonguyen@vahoo.CQm.vn Tom tdt: Gido vien ehu nhiem trung hoc casd ed vi tri, vai tro quan trong nhd trUdng Lao ddng sUpham cue gido vien chu nhiem trung hoe casd co tinh dae trUng cao 5Unghiep ddi mdi gido due dd ddt gido vien chu nhiem trudng trung hoe ea sd trude nhdng thach thdc Idn nhU: Nhdng thdch thdc td doi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd dao tao, nhdng thdch thde tdsu thay doi cua xd hdi, nhdng thdch thdc tdsU thay doi cua hoc smh Dieu dd ddi hdi gido vien phai ndng cao nhdng nang luc vd pham chat cdn thiet bdi cdnh doi mdi gido due hien Tit khda: Gido vien chu nhiem, lao ddng sUpham, doi mdi gido due; trung hoc easd (Nhan bai 03/11/2016: Nhdn ket qud phdn bien va chinh sifa ngdy 01/12/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) Oat van de Giao vien chii nhiem (GVCN) la nha giao duac giao trach nhiem quan li, giao due (GD) mdt Idp hoc sinh (HS) ngoai gid len Idp cua giao vien (GV) bd mdn tradng trung hoc co sd (THCS) Vi the, GVCN duoc xem la "linh hon ciia Idp hoc, la ngUdi cd van dang tin cay dan dat, dmh hudng, giup HS vUOn len tU hoan thien va phat trien nhan each"[l], Trong boi canh ddi mdi GD thdng (GDPT) hien nay, vai trd eua ngQdi GV cd sU thay ddi can ban, tQ cho la "ngUdi truyen thu tn thdc cd san" sang ddng vai trd ciia ngUdi tai, co van eho hoat ddng (HO) nhan thQc ciia HS thi vai trd eua ngudi GVCN trUdng THCS cung ed nhung thay ddi can ban, GVCN trd ngudi ehiu trach nhiem chinh "phat trien tri tue, the chat, hinh pham chat, nang luc (NL) edng dan, phat hien va bdi dudng nang khieu, dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho HS" [2; tr,123] Khi tnen khai thUe hien chUong trinh va sach giao khoa mdi, GVCN cdn la ngudi to chQc cae HD trai nghiem sang tao choHS NhQng thay ddi vai trd dan den nhQng thay doi lao ddng su pham (LOSP) eua ngUdi GVCN va dat ho trudc nhQng thach thQc Idn Vi the, viee nang cao NL va pham chat cua ngudi GVCN trUdng THCS cd y nghia quan trpng Ode trUng lao dong su pham cua ngUdi giao vien chu nhiem trUdng trung hoc co sd LDSP cua ngudi GVCN trUdng THCS eo nhQng dae trung nhat dmh NhQng dae trung se quy dmh khung NLeua ho 2.7 Tochdc boat dong cua hocsinh Ida tuoi td 1215 tuoi LUa tudi HS THCS la mdt giai doan phat then phQc tap va quan cua moi ca nhan Day la giai doan e6 mdt VI tri dac biet - giai doan chuyen tiep td tuoi tho • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC sang tudi trUdng Su chuyen tiep tao nen ndi dung CO ban va su khae biet dac thu ve moi mat d lira tuoi HS THCS Su bien ddi cua cO the, eua tu y thQc, eua kieu quan he vdi ngUdi Idn va ban cung tudi, eua HO hoc tap, HD xa hdi da lam xuat hien nhQng yeu td mdi eiia sU trQdng thanh; ddng thdi xuat hien ed tinh trang "khung hodng"cua tu6\"ddyth'r 2.2 Thudng xuyen thao gd nhCtng tinh huong "xung dot" cdc nhom hoc sinh trQdng THCS, nhQng tinh hudng "xung dot' cae nhdm HS ed chi bit ngudn tQ nhQng li rat don gian cua tudi hpc trd (khdng mudn ban trai d cae Idp khae chai than vdi ban gai cua Idp minh; sd thich cua ngudi khac khdng gidng vdi sd thich cua minh, ban chai trdi hon minh, daac thua vi mdt Idi thach dd.„), Neu GVCN khdng kip thdi thao gd nhQng tinh huong thi de dan den sQ au da, dung faeebook de ndi xau eac nhdm HS, 2.3 Binh hu&ng dU luan tap the hpc sinh trung hoccasd Du luan tap the ed vai trd to Idn danh gia va dieu chinh hanh vi eua ngudi; nd duac vi nha"b6 luat khdng Idi", Vi the, A,S, Maearencd da de xuat va thuc hanh r\quy&nxae"GD tdp the vd bdng tdp the" Nguyen tac xem tap the vQa la mdi trUdng GD, vCfa la phuong tien GD Odi vdi tap the HS THCS, phat tnen den mot giai doan nhat dinh se hinh dU luan tap the.Trong tap the HS THCS, du luan ed the lanh manh cung ed the khdng lanh manh Do dd, GVCN phai la ngUdi dinh hudng da luan de tap the HS THCS Iudn ton tai du luan lanh manh Dd la dU luan co vu eho nhQng tam guang hoe tap, ren luyen tdt; co vu cho nhQng gia tn dao dQc, tham mi phu hap vdi nhQng gia tn co ban cua xa hdi; phe phan thai dd v6 trach nhiem ddi vdi hoc tap va vdi nhQng ngUdi xung quanh eua mdt bd phan HS„ NGHl£NCifULiLUANCQ bdc Id, phdt trien dung hUdng Dd chinh la mam mong ciia tai ndng GVCN trudng THCS cdn ia ngUdi chju trach nhiem chinh dinh hadng nghe nghiep cho HS Khdng phai den IQa tudi trung hpc phd thdng, HS mdi can djnh hudng nghe nghiep ma d IQa tudi THCS, HS da can daoc dinh hudng nghe nghiep Tren ea sd nhQng hieu biet ve dac diem ca nhdn, nang khieu, sd trUdng eua tQng HS, GVCN cd the dUa nhQng tu van ve dmh hQdng nghe nghiep cho eac em Neu edng tdc GD dinh hadng nghe nghiep dUoc lam tdt tQ cap THCS thi se tao dieu kien phan ludng HS sdm va hop li NhQ vay, sU doi mdi can bdn, todn dien GD&DT 2.5 TU vdn tdm li cho hpc sinh trung hpc CO sd Do dae diem liJa tudi "tre eon chua qua, ngudi Idn duac xem la mot thach thQc ddi vdi GVCN tradng THCS 3.2 NhCrng thdch thiec titiU thay doi cua xd hpi chua rd/"nen ddi sdng tdm li cua HSTHCS cd nhieu dien bien phQc tap, thdm chi xung dot NhCtng dien Xd hdi ma chung ta dang sdng la xa hdi hien dai bien, xung dot neu khdng dupe tU van, "g/d/fda" kip vdi mdt sd dae trQng CP bdn, lien quan trUc tiep den HS thdi se dan den sQ"defde","u'c che" tam li ciia HS sau day: THCS, Vl the, GVCN phdi biet "doc tdm If eua HS ca Idp - Xd hoi cua nen kmh tetn thdc cQng nha ciia tQng HS cy the de tQ van, giup eac em Nen kinh te tri thQc la nen kinh te dya vao tri thQc, vQOt qua nhQng khd khdn tren bade dudng phat trien lay tri thQc lam muc dich cua nen kinh te Xa hdi cua nen cua minh kinh te tri thQc ddi hdi mpi ngQdi dan phai coi tri Nhdfng thach thuTc doi vdri giao vien chu nhiem thQc va sQ sdng tao tri thQc Trong nen kinh te tri thQc, 3.1 Nh&ng thdch thifc t^ doi mdi can bdn, toan gid tri cua san pha'm khdng phu thudc vao lUpng dien gido due vd dao tao hay nguyen, vat lieu lam nd ma phy thudc vao ham Cdng cudc ddi mdi dat nUdc hien ddi hdi phdi lupng tri thQc cd nd, VI the,"sdn pham thdng minh" doi mdi can ban, toan dien GD&DT theo hudng "xay duoc xem la sdn pham cd ham luong tri thUe cao nhat, dung nen GD md, thUc hoc, thUe nghiep, day tdt, hpc ket tinh tri tue cua ngudi d trinh dp cao nhat tdt, quan li tdt; cd co eau va phuong thUe GD hpp li, gSn Ton tai xa hpi cua nen kinh te tri thQc, nha vdi xay dUng xa hdi hoe tap; bdo dam cae dieu kien nang trUdng khdng ehi cd chQc nang dan ddt HS den vdi tri cao chat lUpng; ehua"n hda, hien dai hoa, dan chu hda, xa thdc ma cdn GD eac em Qng dyng tri thufc, tran trpng hdi hda va hdi nhap qudc te he thdng GD&DT"; chuyen nhiJTig gia trj ma tri thQc dem lai va cao hon la khat vong nen GD tif chu yeu trang bi kien thQc sang phat tnen NL sang tao tri thQc Trach nhiem dd, trade het, thudc ve va pham chat ngudi hoe, NhQng doi mdi can bSn, toan GVCN dien eua GD&DT da dat GVCN trade nhQng thach thQc to - Xd hdi "mang" Idn, ddi hdi hp phdi cd tri tue va bdn linh de vQgt qua, tU Mang xa hdi la dieh vu ket ndi ede vien cung khang dinh minh sd thich tren internet vdi nhieu myc dieh khae nhau, Trong bdi cdnh ddi mdi GD hien nay, vai trd cua khdng phan biet khdng gian va thdi gian Mang xa hdi la GVCN cd sU thay doi can bdn, tU eho la ngudi qu^n noi ed the trd chuyen va gap gd ban be, chia s^ va tUOng li hanh chinh mdt Idp hoc sang cQa ngUdi chiu trach tac vdi mpi ngudi ve bat cQ van de nao cudc sdng; nhiem chinh sU phdt trien toan dien nhan each HS la nOi cd the cap nhat nhQng tin tQc mdi nhat, ndng hoi Vdi vai trd mdi nay, GVCN phai cham lo sQ phat tnen toan nhat, nhanh nhat tQ khap noi tren the gidi dien nhan each HS Idp minh phu trach de cae em khdng Ben canh nhQng mat tich cQc, mang xa hdi cung chi dQdc phat tnen ve tri nang ma cdn dUOc phat tnen chQa dyng nhieu nguy ca, riii ro tiem an va anh hudng ca ve the nang va tam nang; khdng chi daoc phat trien xau tdi cdng viee, mdi quan he ca nhan, eude sdng eua ve NL ma edn dUOc phat tnen ca ve pham chat Ban than ngudi sQ dyng NhQng tac hai cua mang xa hpi kha IdnGVCN khdng the tu minh tao su phat trien toan dien Giam taang tac giQa ngudi vdi ngUdi; lang phi thai gian dd d HS ma phai ket ndi viec hoe tap cae mdn hoe cua va xao lang myc tieu thUe cua ca nhan, nguy co mSc HS, ket ndi cae hoat ddng GD va ngoai nha trUdng benh tram cam; giet chet su sang tao; khdng trung thuc ma cae em tham gia, GVCN cd lam duac dieu dd thi mdi va bao lue tren mang; thudng xuyen so sanh ban than tao nen sQc manh tdng hop cho sQ phat tnen toan dien vdi ngudi khac; mat ngu, thieu rieng t u Gidi tre, nhan each HS, dd cd HS THCS rat "hd hdi" ddn nhan mang xa hdi va Cung vdi sueham lo phat trien toan dien nhan each "ng/7/en"nd, chua luong het nhQng nguy CO, rui HS, GVCN phai cham lo phat hien va boi dQdng nang ro ma mang xa hdi cd the dem lai khieu choeaeem,ThUcte'chothay rang, nang khieu cua GVCN can nam vCfng tinh hinh sQdung mang xa hdi HS, neu duoc phat hien va bdi dudng sdm thi nd se duac eua HS; nhdng van de cae em quan tam va chia se tren 2.4 Kit noi cdc lUc lUOng gido due nhd trUimg, gia dinh va xa hpi Tham gia vdo qud trinh GD HS ndi chung, GD HS THCS ndi rieng cd ba Iuc luang la nha tradng, gia dinh va xa hdi Neu nhu cdc lue luong khdng cd su phdi hop chat che vdi thi dan den hien tuong "frdng ddnh xudi, kin thoinguad'tiong GD Dieu khien cho dQa tr^ hoang mang, ehung khdng biet phdi nghe Idi va hanh ddng nhuthe nao mdi dung.,.TQdd, GVCN phai la ngQdi ket ndi cdc luc luong GD nha trUdng, gia dinh, xa hpi de tat ed tac ddng tQ cae iQc lupng den HS THCS cung chieu va mang tinh chat GD cao SO 135-THANG 12/201fi • Q NGHIEN m Li LUAN mang xd hdi, de dinh hudng cho HS; ddng thdi phan nghi va y thich rieng cua HS khdng phu hpp nhung cae tich rd nhQng mat trai cua mang xa hdi, tQ dd giiip HS em van mudn duoc ngUdi khae tdn trong, - Thdch thdc tham quyen eiia cha me vd GV sQ dung mang xa hdi mdt each cd van hda Day la mot HS THCS hieu biet hon vd biet li luan de thach thQc ddi vdi GVCN, benh vUC nhQng hanh ddng cua minh Mdt bi ndi ve - Xd hoi hoc tdp nhQng chuyen nhd hoac khdng dung, HS thadng trd Idi Xa hdi hien dai la xa hdi hoe tap, Trong xa hdi hoe lai va ndi len nhQng say nghi rieng de bao chQa Trong tap, mdi ngQdi dan deu la HS va xa hdi la mdt ngdi trudng nhieu trQdng hop, cha me va GV can giQ binh tinh de Idn Sdng la hoc, hoc tdp Id cong viee ciia cd cudc ddi da trd nghe cae em gidi thich, suy xet xem dung hay sai, hon la eau khau hieu cua thdi dai lay quyen ngUdi Idn de la m^ng, trach cQ cae em, Nen GD xa hdi hpc tap hudng vao viec xay - Nhdn duac khuyet diem eua cha me vd GV dang cho ngudi NL ddn nhan, xQ li, sQ dung, truyen d Ida tudi THCS, HS bdt dau nhan biet rang cha me ba,., thdng tin de xa hdi tien k|p sQ phat trien cua tn thQc va ed GV khdng phai IQe nao cung dung hoac biet nhan loai, Vi the, nen GD phai tap trung vao sQ phat trien tat cd mpi viec nhQ cae em tadng cdn nhd tudi hon, ngUdi tren eo sd tu ehu cua moi ngUdi, lam cho eon Nhd hoc hanh, nhd trUdng thdng tin duoc md rdng va ngudi phat huy cao dp NL sang tao, nang ddng ve mpi khd nang sQdung he thong dien tQ thao, HSTHCS phuong dien, ed nhQng hieu biet hOn cha me d tudi vao Viee de cao phuong thQc hoc tap suot ddi phdi di nhQng thap men trUdc rat nhieu HS da cd nhQng phan ddi vdi de cao NL tQ hpe cua moi ngUdi Trong dieu kien doan va nhan xet ve thai sdng eua ngQdi Idn nen neu phat trien nhanh chdng cua each mang khoa hoc va cha me sdng khong th^ng;" ndi mot dudng, Idm mot cdng nghe, khdng cd the eoi kien thUc ciia GD ban n^o"thi chung ed the nhan dau lai cd the du cho ca ddi ngudi, Vi vay, phdi tiep tue Ngoai nhQng thay ddi ndi tren, HS THCS cdn co hoc tap, hoc khdng ngQng, phai xem GD la yeu to quyet nhieu thay ddi khac NhQng thay ddi tao eac yeu dinh tuang lai eua mdi dan tdc, sU phat trien cua mdi td tich cue cho sQ phat tnen va trUdng eua cae em qude gia Nhung chfnh nhQng thay ddi nay, neu khdng dUpc gia Ngay tQ edn ngdi tren ghe nha trudng phd dmh, nha trQdng ma trade het la GVCN quan tam, djnh thdng, HS da dUpc chuan bi de hpc tap suot ddi, Yeu eau hudng thi cd the dan den nhQng hanh vi lech chuan eua nay, mot mat phai duae the hien chuong trinh cua cae em tUng cap hoc, bac hpc; mat khac, phai daac thdng qua NhCrng yeu eau ve pham chat va nang lUc ddi cdng tac GD thudng xuyen, hang ciia nha trUdng vdi giao vien chu nhiem trUdng trung hoc cO sd ma dai dien la GVCN, Hon het, GVCN phai la ngudi TQ nhdng dae trQng LDSP ndi tren, GVCN truyen nhiet huyet tU hoe, hpe sudt ddi cho HS cua minh trudng THCS can ddp Qng nhQng yeu eau sau day ve Vl the, GVCN phai quan tam den viee hpe tap eua HS; pham chatva NL: phdi hpp vdi eac GV bd mdn de bdi dudng hQng thQ, sQ 4.1 Vephdmchdt say me hoe tap eua cae em, Ngoai nhQng pham chat chung cua ngudi GV nhK 3.3 NhCfng thdch thdc titsU thay doi cua hpc sinh yeu nghe, gdn bd vdi nghe day hoe; chap hanh Luat GD, Theo Mae Van Trang, so vdi 15 nam trade day, HS dieu le, quy che, quy dmh cua nganh, cd y thQc to chile trung hoc hien day thi sdm han 1-2 nam, can nang ki luat va tinh than trach nhiem, giQ gin pham chat, danh tang han 3-5 kg, chieu cao tang han 3-5 cm, NhQng du, uy tin eiia nha giao; sdng trung thue, lanh manh, la thay ddi ve mat the chat khdng anh hudng nhieu tam guang tdt eho HS„ thi GVCN cdn ed nhUng pham den edng tac GD Anh hudng nhieu den cdng tac GD chat dac thu la sQ gan gui, tan tuy, kien nhan , ddi vdi phai ndi den nhang thay ddi ddi sdng tam li cua HS, Ben canh dd, GVCN phai dd luang, bao dung; ddi xis HS Cd the neu mdt sd thay doi nhu sau' edng bang vdi HS, tao dung niem tin vdi eac em - Nhu eau duoc tudo vd tuldp cao 4.2 VendnglUc Hien nay, nhu eau tudo vatulap trd nen manh me, Trong cae NL eua ngudi GV ndi chung, ddi vdi ngu'di quyet liet ban Neu cae bae phu huynh va c5 GV GVCN can dae biet nhan manh cae NL; Tim hieu ddi van ddi xQ vdi chung nhu "con nit", "hoc fro nhd" thi de tuong va mdi trudng GD; NL GD; NL hoat ddng chinh tn dan den "xung dot", "mau thuan" mang tinh chat the he, xa hdi, nhat la NL GD Cd the ndi, NL GD la NL mang tinh - Mudn duoc ton mdt each ddy du chat dac thu cua GVCN d IQa tudi THCS, HS mudn duac ton mdt each NL GD cua GVCN dUoc the hien d cae edng viec day du la phai xem va ddi xQ vdi cae em nhu nhQng cu the sau day Xay dUng ke hoach hoat ddng GD, id ngudi Idn, HS se phan Qng quyet liet bi bd me hay chQc cae hoat ddng GD da dang cho HS; phdi hop vdi eac GV phe phan, chi trich trade mat ngaoi khac; ehung luc luong GD, cdng ddng cdng tac GD HS; danh gia bi dua de so sanh vdi eac em khae „ Day la li do, tre ket qua ren luyen dao dQc cua HS„, khdng muon di dau vdi bd me IQa tuoi tre bat dau Ket luan CO nhdng suy nghi va y thich rieng, Nhieu khi, nhung suy GVCN cd VI tri, vai trd quan trong nha trUdng S • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC NGHIEN cum LI LUAN I quyet Hdi nghi Idn thd8 Ban Chap hdnh Trung Uang khda XI, Van phong Trung UOng Dang, Ha Ndi, [3] Pham Minh Hacva cae tac gia khae, (1989), Tdm lihoe (Tdp 2), NXB Giao due Ha Ndi [4] Mac vanTrang, Sifmenh vd vai trd cua ngUdi gido vien ehu nhiem Idp, Tap ehi Khoa hpc Giao due, sd 61, TAI Lieu THAM KHAC thang 10/2010 [1] Ha Nhat Thang - Nguyen Dye Quang - Nguyen rhi Ki, (2005), Cdng tdc chCi nhiem Idp d trUdng thdng, [5], Mac Van Trang, Ndng lue eiia gido viin ehu nhiem NXB Giao due Ha Ndi cdp trung hoe ddp dng yeu eau doi mdi gido due, Tap chi [2] Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, (2013), Vdn kien Nghi Khoa hoe Giao due, sd 125, thang 3/2016 THCS LDSP cua GVCN trUdng THCS cd tinh dac trUng :ao, SUddi mdi GD dat nhQng thach thQc Idn ddi vdi 3VCN trudng THCS, ddi hdi ho phdi ed nhQng NL va Dham chat can thiet, HOMEROOM TEACHERS AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL BEFORE REQUIREMENT OF EDUCATIONAL RENEWAL Luu Hong Uyen Division of Education and Training, District 6, Hochiminh cit Email: luuhonguyeni§>yahoo.com.vn Abstract: At lower secondary school, homeroom teachers played an important role Their pedagogical labor w with high features Educational reform has put homeroom teacher in front of major challenges such as: challenges fr basic and comprehensive renewal of education and training; challenges from social change; challenges from studen changes Teachers are required to improve their necessary capacities and qualities in the context of current educatio reform Keywords: Homeroom teachers; pedagogical labor; educational reform, lower secondary school 0135-THANG 12/2016 • U ... chile trung hoc hien day thi sdm han 1-2 nam, can nang ki luat va tinh than trach nhiem, giQ gin pham chat, danh tang han 3-5 kg, chieu cao tang han 3-5 cm, NhQng du, uy tin eiia nha giao; sdng trung. .. S • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC NGHIEN cum LI LUAN I quyet Hdi nghi Idn thd8 Ban Chap hdnh Trung Uang khda XI, Van phong Trung UOng Dang, Ha Ndi, [3] Pham Minh Hacva cae tac gia khae, (1989), Tdm lihoe... cdp trung hoe ddp dng yeu eau doi mdi gido due, Tap chi [2] Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, (2013), Vdn kien Nghi Khoa hoe Giao due, sd 125, thang 3/2016 THCS LDSP cua GVCN trUdng THCS cd tinh dac trUng