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m NGHIEN GOU GIAO DUG DAN TAC ~ PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC NGU01 DAN TQC THIEU SO QUA NldN TIENG DAN TOC Dl/DNG TH! THANH HUtfNG nen Khoa hoc Glio due wet Nam Email iluiHi8lliaBlibuong1[.]
m NGHIEN GOU GIAO DUG DAN TAC -~ PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC NGU01 DAN TQC THIEU SO QUA NldN TIENG DAN TOC Dl/DNG TH! THANH HUtfNG nen Khoa hoc Glio due wet Nam Email: iluiHi8lliaBlibuong1610@8mall.cm Tdm tdt: TCf viec xdc dinh ndng luc ding ddn tdc nhdm dua mdt sd gidi phdp phdt trien ndng lUc cho hpc sinh tieu hpc ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd hpc tdt mdn Tiing ddn tdc chuang trinh thdng mdi Cdc gidi phdp cu thi Id: Ph6t triin ndng luc tiing ddn tpc eho hoc sinh ngUdi ddn tpc thieu so cap Tieu hpc theo hUdng tdng cUdng hdijhogi; SCf dung kit hap cdc phuang phdp day hoc chung vd phuang phdp day hpc ddc thii, ede ki thudt day hpc tfch cue di phdt huy nang luc eda hpc sinh tiiu hpc ngudi ddn tpc thieu sd; Nhdng quy chudn ve dieu kien vdt ehdt vd quy md Idp hpc deddp dngyiu cdu phdt triin ndng lue cho hpc sinh tiiu hpc ngUdi ddn tpc thiiu sd Nhdng gidi phdp tren se gdp phdn vdo viic triin khai chuang trinh mon Tiing ddn tdc cho hpc sinh tieu hpc viing ddn tpc thiiu sd, ddp dng yeu cdu cua doi mdi gido due ddn tpc ndi rieng vd ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn diin gido due thdng qudc gia Tifkhda: Nang luc ddc thu; tiing ddn tdc; hpc sinh; ddn tdc thieu so (Nhdnbdingdy03/11/2016; Nhdn ketqud phdnbienvd ehinh sifa ngdy 10/12/2016; Duyet dang ngdy 27/12/2016) I.Datvande Viet Nam Id mot qudc gia da ddn toe vdi tdng ddn sd khodng 94,104,871 {Theo Thdng ke Ddn sd the gidi tinh den ngdy 28/02/2016), dd dan tde Kinh chiem hdn 82%, 53 dan tdc cdn lai chi^m khodng hdn 17% (Thdng ke Dan sd ndm 2009) Hien nay, so 53 dan tdc thieu sd (DTTS)d Viet Nam da cd 27 dan tdcdd cd bd chQ viet rieng cCia minh (Thdng ki V\in Ngdn ngQ hpc) D l gin giQ khdi doan ket todn ddn cua mdt qude gia da ddn tdc, Ddng vd nhd nude ta ludn quan tdm vd ddm bdo cho cac ddn tde quyen "binh ddng dodn kit, tdn trpng vd giup cdng phdt trien" linh vUe gido due (GD), dUdng Idi, chinh sdch GD ddn tde cua Ddng va nhd nUde ddi vdi ngudi DTTS xu the hdi nhap vd phdt trien dUac cu the hda qua viec xdc lap vj tri mdn Tieng ddn tdc (TDT) chuang trinh GD phd thdng (CTGDPT) mdi, Trong CTGDPT mdi, mdn TDT da duoc dUa vdo linh vUc Ngdn ngQ va Van hpe, thudc mdn hpe edt Idi cua CTGDPT Qudc gia, Xudt phat tQ thQc te day hpe TDT va yeu eau ddi mdi GD d vung DTTS, can cQ vdo chuong trinh (CT) GD tdng the, muc tieu cOa bai viet nham xac djnh mdt sd gidi phap phdt trien nang luc (NL) cho hoe smh (HS) ngudi DTTS qua mdn TDT de dap Qng yeu cdu ddi mdi can ban todn dien GD dan tde va GD phd thdng qudc gia, Phat trien nang lUc cho hoc sinh tieu hoc ngudi dan tpc thieu sd qua mon Tieng dan toe 2.1 Cdc nhom ndng lUc chung va ndng lUc dac thil can hinh cho hpc sinh tiiu hpc ngUdi dan tdc thiiu sdquo mon Tiing dan tpc 2.1,1 Nhdm ndng luc ehung NL ehung Id nhQng NL co bdn, thiet yeu eho moi ca nhdn de sdng va lam viec xa hdi NL ehung dQpc •KHOA HOC GIAO DUC hlnh va phat trien qua nhilu mdn hpe Moi M chung se gdp phan tao nen ket qud cd gia tri cho xa hoi vd cdng ddng; giup ca nhan ddp Qng dUOc nhjjng vande md cudc sdng dat vd yeu eau gidi quyet Thudc linh vUe Ngdn ngQva Van hpc, mdn TDT phdi ddm bdo hlnh thdnh vd phat trien cho HS tilu hoc ngufli DTTS nhiJmg NL ehung nhU tat ed cdc mdn hpc khac Theo Phu luc CT Tdng the {Vai trd eua ede mdn hpc ddi vdi viec phdt triin NL chung cOa HS), mdn TDT doi hdi mQc dp can dat dtijtig nhdm NLnhUsaurNLtUhgc {MiSc B); NL gidi quyet van de va sdng tao ((VlQc B); NL tham ml (IVlUe A); NL the chat {IVlQc dp C); NL giao tiep (MQc dp B); NL hdp tdc (MQe dp B); NL tinh toan (MQe dp C) So sanh vd ddi ehieu vdi mdn Tieng Viet cung linh VQc Ngdn ngQ va Van hpe nhUng thudc mdn hoc bSt budc, nhan thay: Mdn TDT eht cd NL thdm ml hudng tdi mUc dd A, cdn lai cd NL hudng tdi mUe dp B; NL yeu eau d mQe dp C Trong dd, mdn Tieng Viet hudng tdi mQc dd A (NL tQ hpc; NL gidi quyet van de va sdng tao; NL tham ml; NL giao tiep), mQc dp B (NL hop tdc), mile dp C (NL the chat; NL tinh todn) Trong ITnh vUc Ngdn ngQ vd Van hoc, mdn Ngoai ngQ yeu eau hQdng tdi mde dd A (NL tQ hpc; NL giSI quyet van de vd sang tao; NL thd'm mi; NL giao tiep), mQe dp B (NL hpp tae; NL cdng nghe thdng tin), miJc dp C (NL the chat; NL tinh toan) Phdn tich bdng mQc dd CT tdng the nhan thay dieu khdng cd nghia Id mdn TDT yeu eau nhe hon viec hinh cho HS nhQng NL ehung, Vdi nhdm NL dac thu eua minh (mdn hoe eho ddi tUpng HS DTTS, HS d vung DTTS), mdn TDT giup eho viec phdt trien cdc NL tuang Qng de hpc tdt Tieng Viet vd cae mon NGHIEN CUU GIAO DUC DAN TOC " ^ hoc khac, tQng nhdm NL, mdn TDT vdi cac mQe can dat se ed cac yeu cau de dam bao hd tra cho eac nhdm NL tuong Qng W/_ruhoc-Hinh NLtu hoed nha qua viee lam bai tdp vd md rdng vdn tQ giao tiep vdi gia dinh, ban be, ngudi than nhQng sinh hoat mang tinh chat cdng ddng, HS cd thai dp tQ giac hoan thdnh ke hoach hoc tap mdn TDT, NL gidi quyet vdn de- Giai quyet cac van de ndy sinh hpe tap, cudc sdng d cdng ddng va dia phaong NL thdm mi Bdi dudng NL tham ml qua cac bd; doc ve ban sdc van hoa cdc dan tde Viet Nam tren cdc vung mien dat nudc Bdi dudng NL tham mi, chuan tham mi ehung cua cdng ddng cac DTTS Viet Nam NL giao tiep SQ dung dung chuan ngQ am, ngQ nghla, tQ VQng va ngQ phdp de giao tiep bang tieng ndi hoac van bdn Ddi taong giao tiep phdi hieu duoc muc dich giao giao tiep va ed tUong tae NL hap tdc Bdi dudng NL hap tac de ket ndi va ehia se thdng tin hop tac hoc tap mdn TDT va cac mdn hoe khac Phat tnen NL hop tac de ket ndi chia se thdng tin giao tiep cdng ddng DTTS ndi rieng va cdng ddng cac dan tdc ndi chung 2,1,2, Ndng lUc dac thu ''IL dac thu (NL chuyen biet) (specific competence) la nhQng NLdQOc hinh va phat tnen tren cOsdcac NL chung theo dinh hudng chuyen sau, rieng biet cae loai hinh hoat ddng, cdng viec hoac tinh hudng, mdi trudng dae thu, can thiet cho nhQng hoat ddng chuyen biet, dap Qng yeu cau han hep hOn cua mdt hoat ddng Viee phan loai NL chung va NL dac thu ddi vdi mdn TDT la mdt van de phQc tap Bdi NL dae thu chuyen biet la NL rieng duoc hinh thanh, phdt tnen mdt linh vUc/mdn hoe nao dd, Cac CT GD eua qude te cdn goi ten ia NL mdn hpc cu the (Subject- specific competence) de phan biet vdi NL xuyen CT - NL chung Muc tieu cudi eiing cua mon hoc TDT la lam cho ngQdi hoc sQdung dQoe va sQ dung hieu qua TDT nhU mdt cdng eu tu va giao tiep quan nhat ddi sdng cua ngUOi hoc, Ndi each khac, NL dac thu chuyen biet cua mdn TDT chinh la NL sQ dung TDT hieu qua tu va giao tiep d cae ITnh vUc cua dOi sdng xa hdi nhU: Giao tiep gia dinh, giao tiep cdng ddng giao tiep nha trudng, Nhu vay, NL TDT thudc nhdm NL edng cu, la mdt NL can hinh va phat tnen d HS DTTS, Vdi tinh chat dae thu chuyen biet, NL TDT bao gdm bo phan NL ngdn ngQ DTTS va NL van hda DTTS, NL ngdn ngd DTTS la kha nang lam chu dUOe nhQng kien thQc ve ngd am, ngU nghla, td vung, ngQ phap va tao lap van ban bang TDT dam bao chuan kien thuc ki nang (KN) cua cap hoe Co cac KN co ban va thai dd phii hop vdi tam li cap hoc de thuc hien nhiem vu hoc tap va gi 79 m NGHieNCOUfilAODUCDJUITfiC dinh 82, ngdy 31/08/2010Quyd!nhvi^c day vd hoc tieng ling dUdc yeu cau phdt t r i l n NL cho HS tieu hpc trortg ndi, chQ viet cDa DTTS cac co sd GD phd thdng vd CTmdL 2.2.2 Khd khdn trung tdm GD thudng xuyen cua chinh phu da ban hdnh Do dieu ki&n cu trQ, ddng bdo DTTS thudng song quy ^ n h cho ngdn ngQ DTTS dUdc gidng day chinh phan tdn, xem ke vdi cdc tdc ngUdi khdc dan den thijfc nhd trudng: Mdng, Cham, Jrai, Khmer, £ de, Ba Na, Hoa Bdng thdi, ban hdnh khung CT eho cdc ngdn mot mdi trUdng GD cd nhilu HS ddn tpc khdc cCing ngOr duoc gidng day nhd trudng, tdi lieu day hpe hpc HS da so sis dyng song ngOr Tieng Viet - TDT de giao tiep Cd nhiifng ngdn nguf DTTS chiem da s6 nhu Mdng, TDT cung dUde bien soan phu hop vdi cdc dia phuong Cd the ndi, cdc ndi dung cd bdn eua chi'nh sdch dan Thai, Tdy d phia Bdc nhung cung cd nhQng ngdn ngO tpc ndi chung, chinh sdch GD dan tdc ndi rieng Id can cQ nhu Ha Nhi, La Chi, Pd Th^n ma s6 lUOng chi chiem mot phdp li va dmh hudng chu yeu cho viec nghien cuiu gidi phan nhd Chit luong GD vung ddn tdc cd su ddng gdp v6 phdp phdt trien NL cho HS t i i u hpc ngUdi DTTS qua mdn ciing quan trpng cua dpi ngu GV trifc t i l p gidng day TDT bdi cdnh ddi mdi can bdn todn dien GD Thuc tien GD mien nui, viing dan tpc nhOfng nam qua b) Thuc tien day hpc TDT trUdc 2015 Mdn TDT da cd nen tdng lieh sil tQ nhutig CT day cho thay dpi ngu GV tieu hpc vCing DTTS bdc Id nhilu TDT trUdc dd, can cQvdo cdc tU lieu ed the thay qud trinh han c h i nhu: Chit luong GV ehUa d6ng d i u glQ'a cic t h i n khai day hpc TDT da trdi qua cdc giai doan cu the viing, nhat la vting sdu, viing xa, vung DTTS So GVdat sau: Giai doan 1: TCf 1955 din 1960: Ap dung phUdng chuan chUa dap Qng yeu cau cCia ddi mdi GD Ddi s6ng thQc day hpe tU vd Idng den Idp day blng TDT, tQ Idp vdt chat va tinh than cua GV vQng sdu, viing xa cdn den Idp day thing bdng tieng Viet Cdc dja phQcfng nhilu khd khdn thieu thdn, dnh hUdng d i n chat lUdng tQ bien soan CT va tdi lieu day hpc Giai doan 2: Td 1961 day hpc Bd GD&DT chua md ma nganh dao tao cCf nhdn dai din 1980: Day la giai doan day TDT dai trd dcde tinh phia Bdc Phaong thQc chu yeu Id day hpc xen ke TDT - Tieng hpc su pham chinh quy tilng DTTS GV day TDT chu ylu Viet Giai doan 1980 - 7990: Nam 1980, Chinh phu ban duoc ddo tao ngdn han vd dilu chuyin tir cdc mdn khdc hdnh quyet dinh 53/CP ve chQ viet DTTS, Quyet djnh ndy sang GV Id ngUdi DTTS bdn dja it, GV ngUdI Kinh bilt da md mdt giai doan mdi cho trien khai day hoc TDT tilng DTTS thi hilu bilt v l vdn hda, phong tyc tdp qudn nha trQdng PhUdng thQc ehu yeu Id: Day song ngQ cua ngUdi DTTS lai chUa day du TDT - Tilng Vtet vd day tieng TDT qua mdn NgQ van Giai Chua ed CT gidng day, tai lieu, sach gido khoa mon doan td 1991 den ndm 2015: TDT dUpic t h i che hda qua TDT Bd GD&DT ban hdnh danh cho trudng tiiu hpc Thdng tU Ol/GDOT, 3-2-1997, Hudng ddn viec day viing DTTS Mdn TDT la mdn TU chpn CTGDPT hpe tiing ndi, chit viet ede DTTS Phuang thde day hpe ciia (tu chpn khdng bSt bude) Dilu dnh hudng din chat giai doan ndy chCi yeu la day hpc TDT nhU mdt mdn hpc lUdng cda mdn hpc bdi sd lUdng HS lUa chpn se dan den Cac phUdng thQc khde dapc sQdung Id day TDT nhu mdt viee dau tu rat khac v l ngudn luc GV, cd sd vdt chat, chuyin ngQ, day hpc song ngQ tren cosd tilng mede t h i l t bi day hpc mdn TDT d cae dia phUdng Khi dp dung CT mdi, cdc van de ve CT; tdi lieu day 2.3 Gidi phdp phdt trien nang lUc cho hpc sinh hpc; GV se dupe quy chuan d l ddp Qng muc tieu vd chat ngUdi ddn tpc thiiu sdqua mon tiing ddn tdc iQpng GD d nhQng vung DTTS Ddm bdo dUde yeu eau 2.3.1 Phdt triin ndng luc tiing ddn tpc cho hpc s/n/i phdt trien NLTDT eho HS tieu hpe ngUdi nhQng ngudi ddn toe thieu sd cap Tieu hpe theo hUdng tdng giai doan sdp tdi cudng hdi thogi e) Cd hdi hpe TDT cho HS tieu hpe ngUdi DTTS Muc dich cudi cung cua day TDT Id ngUdi hpc diing Ddi vdi HS Id ngudi DTTS, TDT la cdng cu giao tiep ngdn ngQ dd Idm edng cu tU vd sQ dung giao chu yeu d gia dmh vd cdng ddng HS tQ nhd dd cd tilp Vl vdy, day hpc tren quan diem giao tiep Id hUdng sd vdn tQ va ed KN giao tiep thdng thadng bdng TDT di tich cue nhat de phdt trien NL TDT cho HS Trong 66, ede vung DTTS ed nhieu thdnh phan dan tde cung ehung tang cudng hdi thoai la mdt nhQng gidi phdp 6i sdng, HS ed ca hdi tiep xue vdi nhieu thQ tieng, cd khd phat trien NL TDT d ed hai phuang dien ngdn ngCvti nang nghe va ndi daoc TDT ehung sdng eiing van hda cho HS t i i u hpe ngUdi DTTS Cdc NL nghe n6l cdng ddng Vi vay, viee hoe tap mdn TDT CT phd doc viet TDT qua hdi thoai se bdt di tinh chat hdn ldm thdng cap Tieu hoc la co hdi d l HS ed the sQ dung TDT ngdn ngQ va tang dan tinh chat nhat dyng, HS tham Idm cdng cu giao tiep va bdo tdn ngdn ngQ, vdn hda cda gia hdi thoai se ed dilu kien d l tang vdn tQ, linh hoat ddn tde minh Ngoai ra, tieng DTTS da ed kenh rieng tren ngQ phdp, phdn Qng iQa chpn ddi thoai tdt hdn, mang iQdi thdng tin tuyen truyen eua qudc gia va cae dia bdc Id dupe nhQng am hilu ve van hda DTTS Trong iiSi phuong ed ngudi DTTS cQ tru Nhieu ngdn ngO DTTS dd thoai, HS se sQ dung cdc phuang ngQ eua dan tdc minh, duoc sQdung sdng tde van hpc nghe thuat, Cdc bd Cdc DTTS sinh sdng d nhuTig vung khdc nhau, sQdung tQ dien ngdn ngQ DTTS cd chd vilt da duoc in an vd dua nhQng phQOng ngQ it nhieu khde ve edeh phdt am vdo sQ dyng phuc vu cdng tac day hoc vd nghien cQu vd tQ ngO, Vi the, HS can trang bj cdc tdi lieu cdng cy nhi/ Od ehinh la nhQng thuan loi de mdnTDT ed the dap sd tay phuong ngQ TDT; So tay tir ngQ TDT - tilng Viet; 80-KHOA HOC GlAO DUC NGHIEN CUIU GlAO DUC DAN TOG tieng Viet - TDT d l tham khdo vd tra cCTu Oi tang cUdng hpi thoai, HS phdi xdy dUng cho minh NL giao tiep (be communicatively competent) Theo quan dilm day hpc hien dai, nhufng loi xdy hdi thoai cua HS cd yeu td tac ddng bin ngoai {Idp hpc dn do, tdm li khdng thodi mdi ) khdng nin bj ddnh gia Id thieu NL de HS co tdm thdi t u nhien vd chi hudng khSc phyc I5i GV ddng vai trd quan sat cdc hoat ddng hdi tho?i, khfch \i sir hpp tdc, ho trd vUdt khd, tu van cho hoat ddng ciia trd d l tang cudng NL giao tiep vd tuong tdc nhdm Tdng cUdng hpi thoai d l phdt trien NL ddi hdi GV phdi luon tao tinh huong de ldi cudn HS vdo hdi thoai, tao duoc tdm t h i thich hpp cho HS den vdi ndi dung bdi hdi thoai mot each t u nhien nhat, ngdn ngQ hpi thoai can gan gui, de hilu, phii hpp vdi NL cua HS De phat trien NL tU hpc va giao tilp, hdp tdc cua HS hdi thoai bang TDT, GV nIn tdng cUdng mdt s6 hoat ddng nhU: Thiet k l nhieu loai hinh hoat ddng khdc theo mUc dp khd tang dan, phu hpp vdi tirng nhdm Idp Sir dyng nhieu loai diing trUc quan khdc gid hpc de tang sQc hap dan cho bdi hdi thoai GV cd ddnh gia kip thdi d l HS tU ddnh gid miirc dp cd gdng vd sutiln bd cua chinh minh, tao quyit tdm hpc tap cho HS Khuyin khich HS tich cUc sQ dyng tilng TDT gid hpc, d gia dinh vd cdng ddng d l tao su tU tin giao t i l p cho HS GV nen kit hdp vdi phu huynh d l giup trd tdng cudng hdi thoai bdng TDT tai gia dinh vd cdng ddng de tdng cUdng vdn tir, sir dung edeh ndi khiu ngQ, ede phUdng ngQva bdc Id nhQng net van hda eua ddn tdc minh 2.3.2 Sd dung kit hpp ede phuang phdp day hoe chung vd phuang phdp day hpc ddc thii, cdc ki thudt day hpc tich cue di phdt huy ndng lue cua hpe sinh tieu hoc ngUdi ddn tpc thieu so Day hpe TDT theo dinh hUdng phdt triln NL cho HS tiiu hpe ngUdi DTTS, theo chung tdi can edi tien nhQng phUdng phdp day hpc truyln thdng nhU: Thuylt trinh, ddm thoai, vd van dyng linh hoat vao gid day Ben canh dd, viec k i t hdp da dang cac phUdng phdp day hpc giup cho HS tieh cue hpc tap bd mdn hon Van dung cdc phUdng phdp: Day hoc neu va gidi quyit van dl, day hpc neu tinh hudng; ehu eac phuang phdp ddc trUng cua mdn hpc cho GV dang day hpe TDT nhU: Phuang phap thuc hdnh giao liep; Phuong phdp ddng vai; Phuang phdp ren luyen theo mau; Phuong phdp phan tieh ngdn ngQ; PhUPng phap thdo luan, ddt vd gidi quyit van d l day hoe,., Ben canh dd, viec dp dung nhOng phuong phdp day hpe mdi theo djnh hudng phdt trien NL rat can thilt Cdc phuang phdp day hpc phdn hda; day hoe theo du dn; day hpe theo tinh hudng , giup HS phdt trien dUde tdi da NL giao tiep vd hpp tde nhdm Day hpe theo hudng phdt trien NL can quan tdm den sd dung thiet bi day hoc va Qng dung edng nghe thdng tin, GV can dupe bdi dUdng nhQng KN sQ dung cdng nghe thdng tin thilt ke hoat ddng day hpe m de gidm thieu cong viec thd cdng chuin bi gid day va giOp HS cd khd nang t i l p can, phdt triln NL k i t ndi thdng tin d nhOng ndm t i l u hpc Cdc kl thuat day hpc tich cUc la nhiifng kT thudt day hpc cd y nghla dac bl^t vigc phdt huy sutham gia tich cue ciia HS vao qua trinh day hpc, kich thich tU duy, sU sdng tao vd sU cdng tde Idm vide cda HS Ddi vdi mdn TDT dTleu hpc, d l giup cho HS ngUcri DTTS tfch cUc hpc tdp, nhdm cac bien phap kT thudt, Qng vdi NL dac thu cua bd mdn Id giao tiep, chung tdi cho rdng cdc bien phdp sau rat thich Qng: Ki thuat chia nhdm; KT thuat giao nhi&m vy; KT thuat dat cau hdi; Ki thuat ndi cdch khac; KT thudt dpe tich cue; Ki thudt v i l t tfch cUc; KT thudt trinh bay mot phdt; Viec sQ dyng k i t hpp nhilu phuong phdp, kT thudt day hpc nhSm lam cho gid HS sinh dpng, hdp dan, giQp HS tilp thu ndi dung bdi hpc d l ddng vd phdt huy dupe NL sis dung TDT hpc tap, tu hpc sang tao vd giao tilp, vui ehdi, gidi tri 2.3.3 Nhdng quy chudn ve diiu kiin vdt chat vd quy md Idp hpe diddp dng yeu cdu phdt triin ndng lUceho hpc sinh tiiu hpc ngudi ddn tde thiiu sd Oe ddp Ung dupe muc tieu HS sQ dyng TDT trdng giao tiep, dieu kien vat chat cQa Idp hpe la mdt phan quan trpng Trong day hpc TDT, Ic^ hpc can dupe trang bj mdy cassette dat chuan d l dam bdo cho NL nghe ciia HS tdt Cdc dieu kien vdt chat khde nhU: Mdy tinh, may chieu, tai li&u ho trp day hpc, so tQ song ngQ Tilng Viet TDT; TDT - Tilng Viet cdn dUpc trang bi dd de GV va HS sir dyng, tra cQu can thilt Mot van d l khdc Id quy md Idp hpe: Quy md Idp hpc phdi dam bdo theo dieu le trudng tieu hoc Bdi, nhOmg Idp hpc qud ddng se khdng phdn loai dupe HS, cdc cP hdi tdng cudng hdi thoai ddnh eho nhiJfng HS nhdt nhdt, rut re, thiiu tU tin GV dQtig trUde sd lUpng HS ddng se khdng quan tdm ddng deu d i n tat ed Dilu nayse dan d i n hien tUpng HS khd gidi thudng xuyen ed co hdi hpc tap tdt, nhQng HS trung binh hoac ylu se cdng tyt hau va ddn den hien tQpng khdng mudn tham gia vdo hoai ddng hpc tap ehung Ket luan Bd GD & DT hodn thi^n khung CT, sdch giao khoa vd tdi lieu hudng dan gidng day mdn TDT CTGDPT ndi chung vd mdn TDT d tilu hpe ndi rieng de triln khai vdo nam 2018 Tiln hdnh dieu tra, khdo sat nhu cau va nguyen vpng day hpc TDT cap Tieu hpc cua HS ngUdi DTTS d cdc dia phuong thudc vung DTTS de djnh hudng cho HS iQa chpn TDT Id mdn TC nhQng ndm hpc tilu hpc, OdotaoGVdayTDTtrongmdtCTchinhquydaihan, tien hdnh dao tao bdi dudng eho GV dang dQng Idp day mdn TDT nhung ehUa qua ddo tao dcd hai phuong dien: NL ngdn ngQ DTTS va NL vdn hda DTTS Md ma nganh dao tao cQ nhdn sQ pham mdn TDT de lUC luong ndy se Id ndng cot dao tao GV day hpc TDT tai ede vung DTTS, SAI35-THANG ^ - S I NGHIEN CilU GIAO DUG DAN TOC Cd ehe dd chinh sach eho GV day TDT thdng nhat cd nude, Odi vdi nhQng vung dac biet khd khan, edn cd ehe Qu ddi, khuyen khich nhQng HS ngQdi DTTS cap Tieu hoc tham gia hpc mdn TDT Xdy dQng chuan NLTDT cap Tieu hpe theo CT mdi de ban hanh vd dp dung bdt dautQndm 2018, TQ nam hpc 2018 - 2019, tren toan qude bat dau triln khai ap dung CTGDPT va sdeh giao khoa mdi theo Nghj quyet sd 88/2014/QH13 Can eil vao dae thu cua vung DTTS, khudn khd bai viet nay, qua viec de xuat mdt sd gidi phap phat tnen NL eho HS tieu hoe ngUdi DTTS qua mdn TDT, tde gia hi vong gdp phan nhd vao viee dap Qng yeu cau eua ddi mdi GD dan tde vd ddi mdi can ban, toan dien GD phd thdng qudc gia TAILI|UTHAMKHAO [1] Bd Gido due vd Ddo tao, (2015), Chuang trini\ Gido due thdng tong the (du thdo) [2] Qudc hdi nQdc Cong hda Xa hdi Chu nghia Viet Nam khda XIII, ki hop thd 6, Hien phdp ndm 2013 [3], Ludt Gido due (2005), NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Ndi [4], Nghi quyet 29 -NQ/TW ve Ooi mdi edn bdn, toon dien gido due vd ddo tao [5] Quyet djnh 404/QD-TTg 23 thang nam 2015 ve Phe duyet de dn Doi mdi chuang trinh, sdch gm khoa gido due thdng [6], Trung tam Nghien cQu Giao dye Dan tdc -Unicef, Gido due Song ngd tren ea sd tieng me de DEVELOPING COMPETENCY FOR PRIMARY ETHNIC PUPILS THROUGH ETHNIC LANGUAGE SUBJECT Duong Thi Thanh Huong The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Emaih duongthanhhuong 1610@gmail.coni Abstract: After identifying ethnic language competency, the author suggested some solutions to develop primar ethnic pupils' competency to learn better ethnic language subject In new general curriculum The specific measures a competency development in ethnic languages for pnmary pupils by increasing dialogue; Use mixed general and spec teaching methods, positive teaching techniques to promote pupils' competency; regulations about material conditiom and class size to meet requirements of ethnic pupils' competency development These measures will contribute implementing ethnic language curriculum for pnmary ethnic pupils, satisfying renewal requirements of ethnic languag in particular and basic and fundamental innovation of national education in general Keywords: Specihe competency, ethnic language; pupils; ethnic minorities iZ ' KHOA HOC GIAO DUC ... van dung thdng qua cae hanh vi ngdn ngQ va Qng xQ nha trQdng, gia dinh, cdng ddng Suhieu biet the hien qua kien thQc van hoa ve tdc ngudi, dia ban eU tru, tap quan canh tac, muu sinh, am thQc,... li va dmh hudng chu yeu cho viec nghien cuiu gidi phan nhd Chit luong GD vung ddn tdc cd su ddng gdp v6 phdp phdt trien NL cho HS t i i u hpc ngUdi DTTS qua mdn ciing quan trpng cua dpi ngu GV... yeu cau de dam bao hd tra cho eac nhdm NL tuong Qng W/_ruhoc-Hinh NLtu hoed nha qua viee lam bai tdp vd md rdng vdn tQ giao tiep vdi gia dinh, ban be, ngudi than nhQng sinh hoat mang tinh chat