Y K I E N T R d O O O I CHI TIEU CONG CHO GlAO DOC flAO TAO VA NGHIEN CUfU Ttr THIfC T I I N T H E GI0I HEN TINH HINH II VIET NAM /hAI ^jA % A^ Nauvah Thl Thuv Vinh TnJdng D^i hgc Ngo^i thUOng Email \[.]
Y KIEN TRdO OOI CHI TIEU CONG CHO GlAO DOC flAO TAO VA NGHIEN CUfU: Ttr THIfC /hAI Ngiy nhin: T I I N THE GI0I HEN TINH HINH II VIET NAM ^jA % A^ 29/03/2016 Nauvah Thl Thuv Vinh TnJdng D^i hgc Ngo^i thUOng Email: \nnhntt@ftu.edu.vn Ngay nhin lgi: 09/04/2016 Mi so: 9230MIS.32 /^iio due dao tgo vi nghien cQu khoa hgc li ca sd x i y dung nen vin eon ngudi, ed vai trd quan i ^ trong tang trudng vi phit triin nin kinh tHiu dii vi ben vOng eua mgi quic gia Tuy nhien, chuan bj ngudn von ngudi cho phit triin kinh tiddi hdi phai ed thdi gian, cd sg nhin trudc nhu du cQng nhu lugng diu tu Idn, dd vai trd cOa chinh phu li quan trgng de dam bao cd the chuin bi dugc igc luang nhin luc, dip Ung nhu du phit triin tuang lai Nghiin cQu niy^ phin tich vai trd cOa Chinh phu chi tiiu va diu tU cho giio due dio tao vi nghien cQu khoa hgc d mdt so quic gia cung nhu Viit Nam de dua mdt si di xuit nham ting eudng vai trd cua chi tiiu vi dau tu cdng cho giio dgc dio tao vi nghiin cQu tgi Vi$t Nam TO khda: chi tiiu cdng, giao dgc dio tgo nghien cQu khoa hgc Vai ti-d cua chi tidu cdng giao dye dao tgo va nghien cQu khoa hgc doi vdi tang trudng kinh t d Trong nhOng nam 1980s, van dd ting IrUdng da fhu hQt nhieu sy quan t i m cQa eac nha kinh td Cae ly thuyet tang frudng mdi ddi eung vdi cae nghien cQu thuc nghipm da khang dinh sy ddng gdp ngiy eing Idn cQa vdn ngudi v i tien bp khoa hpc cdng nghp tdng trudng kmh te (Romer, 1986; Lucas, 1988; Barro, 2001) NhQng yeu fd glQp lam fang mQc song eua mpt quoc gia mang tinh lau d i i , ben vQng v i tgo ndn sy khic bipt mQc sdng giQa eae qude gia Do c i c n h i chfnh tn v i hoach dinh ehinh sieh deu eo ging hinh ddng nhim tich luy vdn ngudi v i thuc day sy phit tridn khoa hge edng nghp Vdn eon ngudi id nhQng kien thQe v i ky nang m i ngudi lao dpng cd dUdc thdng qua qua trinh d i o tgo, ren luypn v i trai righipm Ngudn von n i y dupc khai thie sQ dung qua ti-lnh ngudi lao dpng tham gia vdo sSn xuat va dUdc phan anh qua ning suit lao ddng vd hipu qua cdng vipc cQa hp CQng vdi vdn hOu hinh, von ngudi gdp phan tao nen tai san eua nen kinh td Tiem ndng ve vdn ngudi cua mdi quoc gia thudng dUpc d i n h gia thdng qua thinh qua cQa giio due d i d tgo, bdi vi giio due d i o tao l i kenh quan trpng ed vai trd quyet d|nh tdi qua trinh x i y dung va tich luy ndn vdn ngudi Tuy nhien, chui'n b| ngudn von eon ngudi cho phat then kinh te ddi hoi phai cd thdi 66 khoa hgc ^ = ^ = , = ^ = ^ = = thifimg mat gian, ed su nhin trude nhu cau tuong lai cQna nhu lupng dau tu Idn, dd vai ti-d cua chinh phu la quan trgng dd dam bao cd the chudn bi dupc lUc lugng nhdn luc, dap Qng nhu edu phat tridn tUdng lai Hon nOa, giao dye dao tgo cd t i c dpng lan toa tich cyc ti'ong phat trie'n kinh te va xa hpi eho nen dau fu cho giao due khdng nhQng mang lai ldi fch cho ban than ngiidi dupe dau tu md nd cdn mang lai lgi fch eho ea xa hpi eung cap ngudn nhan luc can thiet, dap Qng nhu edu sin xudt eua nen kinh te Chfnh vi ipi Ich x i hpi cua giio dye Idn hon lgi fch c i nhdn dd theo ly thuyet kinh td khu vyc tu nhin cd xu hudng cung cap so lUdng dich vy thap hon so vdi mQe tdi uu eho Ipi ich cua xa hpi v i y de dam bao toi uu hda lpi ich xa hpi, chfnh phu phai ddng vai trd quan trgng, dam bao djch vy gido dye dUpc cung cap day du cho ngUdi dan, dam bao tdi da hda ipi ich xa hpi cho phat trien kinh te - xa hpi Mac dQ giao dye d i o tgo l i rat quan ti-gng vdi mdi c i nhan ndi rieng v i xa hpi ndi ehung nhUng khdng phai eung nhpn thQe duge tam quan frong eua nd ddi vdi h i n h vi tdi da hda Idi fch cQa ban than, dd cd thd tieu dQng dQdi'mQc can thiet, vd tinh l i m anh hQdng den phQc Idi cua b i n than hg Chinh vi v^y giao due d i o tgo can cd sU hd'trp cQa chinh phu de dua nhQng quy djnh v^ giao dye bat bupc, dam bao ngudi d i n dQng logi d]ch vy giio dye mpt each thich hop dam bao cho ldi feh cua hg Ben egnh dd, ehinh phu ed vai trd So 92/2016 y KIEN TRfiO 0dl quan trgng tao eg hdi hoe tap cho nhQng ed nhin khdng cd kha nang ve t i i chinh cung nhU dilu ki^n tiep epn dieh vu, nhim hgn ehe sy bat binh dang xa lidi, cung la mpt nhdn tdthQc da'y cho fang trudng va phat trien kinh td Nhu v i j ^ xuat p h i t tQ nhQng gdc dp khie da khang dinh rang Chfnh phu ddng vai trd quan trong vide dam bao cho ngudi d i n tidp c i n duge vdi c i e dich vu giao due d i o tgo mdt cich hop ly Tuy nhien, nhQng Ipp lupn tren chi cd the khang dmh tarn quan trgng cQa vai trd Chinh phu dam bao cung cap djch vu giao dye cdn tren thyc te vai trd quan dd dugc tiie hipn nhU thd n i o thl chju sy t i c ddng cQa rat nhidu yeu tdrang budc Thyc te da cho tiiay rang chfnh phu ohm trich nhidm tivc tiep ddi vdi phan Idn eae khoan dau tU vio giio dye cd ban hau het c i c nudc Bdi viy nd cd lien quan c h i t ehe glQa ehi tieu cdng cho giio due dao tao vdi qua trinh fieh luy von ngudi Vdi y nghTa nay, mpt so nghien cQu da x i y dyng md hlnh 1;^ thuyet de thay dupe sy tUOng quan giOa chi tidu cdng ve giio dye vdi tang frudng kinh td, dd chinh phu dau tu vao giao due cd i n h hudng tryc tiep vao su tich luy vdn eon ngudi va dd tarig trudng l i i i dai nhU nghidn cQu cua Glomm va Ravikumar (1992, 1997, 1998), Eckstein va Zileha (1994),va Vladimir & Joaquim (2008) Ddng thdi, eung ed nhQng nghidn cQu da ehi mdi quan hp gian tiep giQa chi tidu chinh phCi ve gido duo v i su fieh luy von ngudi thdng qua cdc khoan trd cap eho khu vyc tU nhin, vi du: Zhang (1996), Brauninger va Vidal (1999), hay Bouzahzah v i cac cdng sy (2002) cac md hlnh ly thuyet nghien cQu t i c dpng cua chitieucong tdi tangtix/cfngva phat tridn kinh te deu sii dung each tiep c i n tang tiudng npi sinh NhOng md hinh xem "tiidi gian fdi tix/dng" la nhan td tfch luy eho vdn nhan luc, mpt nhdn to quan trgng cho tang fnJdng Do dd, ehi tieu Chinh phu cho giio dgc cd b i n ben egnh l i m gia tan^ thdi gian tdi tn/dng cdn Id nhan td tgo nen tang de thQe ddy cho phit trien dao tao chuyen sau v i d cap eao hOn cOng nhu hoat ddng nghien cQu DUOng nhien c i c md hlnh ndy'cd tinh tdi ngudn iuc eho dau tu giio dye dio tao dugc lay tQ tiiu thud VI the sy ting tii/dng the hp se tao ngudn lyc eho ting tivdng v i phat trieii d the hp sau Hogt dPng nghien oQu ydu td tgo nen nhQng sy tidn bp khoa hoc cdng nghp, dugc thyc hipn dudi hai hinh thQe: nghien cQu cO ban v i nghidn cQu Qng dyng Nghien oQu eO ban dupe thue hipn de nghien oQu mdt hipn tUpng chung mpt q u i trinh, hay mpt hoat ddng cua ty nhien v i xa hdi Nghidn cQu co ban xem xet eie van de mang tinh nguyen 1^ hay nen tang nen dUpc coi nhu la mdt die'm khoi dau vide md rpng kien So 92/2016 thQe Nghien cQu Qng dyng thQdng dQpc coi l i nghipn cQu nhim v i o vipe giai quyet mpt van de cy thd' cho mdt mye dieh thye dyng Hal logi nghidn cQu ed mdi quan hp tiJOng ho chit ehe, nudi dudng Nghien cQu cd ban l i nguydn lipu can thief eho Qng dyng edn nghidn cQu Qng dung ed the tgo dmh hudng cho nghien cQu cO ban Kien fhQc se tri trp v i it kham pha thyc te mdi dugc thye hipn neu nghien cQu cd ban khong phit trid'n Tuy nhien, nhOng qua cua nghien cQu Qng dyng nhin thay dugc ndn nd thudng dupo xem l i nghidn cQu hQu fch, dieu n i y tgo mdt an tupng rang nghiPn cQu cO ban la vd dyng Chfnh vl the, vdi myc tieu tPl da hda lgi nhuin, doanh nghipp dudng nhu khdng dau tu cho nghien oQu ed ban LQc niy, vipc dau tu cua Chinh phu v i o eae hogt ddng nghipn cQu cd ban la rat quan trgng Bdn canh do, c i c hogt dpng nghien cQu ndi ehung thudng cd chi phi Idn va rui ro cao Cho ndn dd cd the thu hut ngudn luc cQa x i hpi v i o ITnh vuc thi can ed nhQng ehinh sich v i hd'trp tQ phia Chinh phu Cd the thay cQng vdi doanh nghipp, ehi tieu edng cae hogt dpng' nghien cQu eho thdy mQc dp sy nd'lyc eua Chinh phQ l i nhQ the nao de tgo nhOng y fudng mdi cd the dan den cae s i n ph^m quy trinh va dich vy mdi hope ed nhOng sQ c i i tien Mpe dQ mQc dp lien ket de thye hipn va thQdng mai' hda c i c san pham nghidn cQu tQ ehi tiPu edng ydu hOn vdi nghien cQu cQa doanh nghiPp, ehi tidu cdng eho nghidn^cQu ca ban vd Qng dung gdp phan vao dd'i mdi tdng the v i nang suat lao ddng cua mdf qudc gia Tren fhyc te, ehi tieu edng cho nghien cQu l i rat quan bdi y l nd thudng dupe tpp trung vao nghien cQu cd ban la ndn tang eua mdt nen kinh Id sang tgo, eae doanh nghidp it cd khuynh hUdng thuc hipn mQc dd lien kdt yeu cua nd vdi ket qua hogt dpng cua doanh nghidp Hdn nQa, chi tieu edng cho nghien cQu, d i e bipt la ehi tidu eho nghidn cQu d bpc giio due dai hpe thuc sU can thief eho mpt qudc gia de hd'trp d i o tgo va phit tiie'n eho thd hp tiep theo cua cae n h i nghien cQu, nhQng ngUdi se ddng gdp cho su dd'i mdi Chi tiiu cdng giao dye dao tgo ya nghien cQu khoa hpc d mgt so nude b^n the gidi TJ Ip phan tram cua ehi tidu cong eho giao dye d i o fgo tdng sd chi tieu cdng eho thiy mQe dp m i ehinh phQ uu tien cho giao due d i o tao tUOng quan vdi eae ITnh vye ddu tU khie, chSng han nhu cham sdc sQe khoe, an sinh x i hpi, qudc phdng, an ninh Giio dye Id mpt ITnh vyc m i tdt c i c i c chfnh phu can thidp thdng qua t i i trp hope cung cdp dich vu true tiep Vi khdng cd sy dam b^o rSng th] trudng se cung cap cdng bang kha ning tiep epn vdi cac cd hpi giio dye chinh phu t i i trg dam bao rang giio dye khdng phai l i Jihoa hQC "thifdnB mai ^ 67 Y KIEN TRtlO Pdi I nam ngoai kha ndng tiep e i n cua mpt sd thinh vidn cua xa hdi du, MJ, Anh v i Nhpt B i n , tUOng Qng, da dinh 31,4%, 24,4%, v i 35% cho giio due tieu hpc tiding tdng chi tieu eho giao dye d i o tgo, Chad, Bangladesh, Lesoto v i Niger, tUOng Qng, da danh 57,5%, 38,1%, 48,6% vi 49,3% M i c dQ bang chQng khdng phai la ket l u i n nhung cd the g i i i thfch mpt cich ddn g i i n rang nhQng nude phat trien hdn da ed sd tang tdt hdn cung nhir mQc dp d i n Wgudn; OECD tri cao hdn dd khdng Hlnh 1: TJ trgng chi tiiu cho giio dgc dip tgo ting chi tiiu cdng can phai dd nhidu d de nude OECD cac nudc OECD, t i i trd edng eho giio due v i ngudn lyc vao dd thQe diy sy p h i t frien ctja giio dao tao la mpt ITnh vyc uu tien, thim ehi d ea c i c due d i o tgo cd ban thl van ed duge so lugng hgc nude OECD cd it sy tham gia cQa ehinh phQ v i o sinh den trudng cao v i ket qua d i o tao tdt Do cac ITnh vye khac Hlnh eho thay, giai dogn ngudn lyc eua eae qude gia p h i t trien se danh nghidn cQu, cd su gia fang frong chi tidu cdng cho nhieu hon cho giao dye dao tgo chuydn sau va giao dye va d i o fgo hau hef cae qudc gia nghien cQu de tgo nen nhQng bQdc dpt pha ve khdi OECD Ty IP chi tieu cdng cho giio due tang tien bp khoa hgc cdng nghp Ml nam 1995 ddn nam 2008 tai 20 tiding sd 28 Neu nhin nhpn ve vai trd eQa ehfnh quyen nude cd sd lipu so sdnh eho ea hai nam (2000 v i trung UOng va dja phQOng tdi trp eho cic 2008) Tinh trung binh, c i c nudc OECD danh hogf dpng dau fu cdng ITnh vyc giio due 12,9% tdng chi tidu cdng^cho giio dye d i o tgo, gia dad fgo cd the thay r i n g , nguon vdn dau tU cdng tn cho fC^g qude gia nam frong khoang tQ dudi dupe phan cdp g i i o due phd thdng cao hdn 10% tai Cdng hda See, Y va Nhit Ban eho tdi hOn giao dye dgi hpc Trong tdng so ehi tieu edng f i i 20% Mexico TQ nam 1995 den nam 2008, giao trg cho g i i o dye d i o tgo thl g i i o dye phd tiidng dye d i o tgo da chidm t j n^iy cang eao ed khoang 50% kinh phf ban dau dUpc cdp tu tdng so ehi tieu cdng ci hau het cdc nudc vdi trung uong, sd n i y len tdi 84% doi tdc dp tang trudng tUdng dUdng vdi gia tang GDP vdi giio duo dgi hoc Tuy nhien mQc dp phin cap Tai Brazil, Dan Mach, DQc, Ha Lan, Thyy Dien v i tai trp tQ chinh phu k h i c rdt nhieu glQa cic Thyy Sy, da cd mpt sy chuyen dieh Idn ngan qude gia d bpc giao dye dao tgo phd thdng (Hlnh sach ehfnh phu d i n h cho giio due dao tgo (tang 2) Vf dy, ti-ong New Zealand, t i i trp cho hdn 20%) giao dye phd thdng h o i n t o i n tQ cap trung uong Khi phan tich dUdi gdc dd cd eau ehi tieu edng thl Thyy ST, dudi 3% kinh phi nhu v i y dUdc t i i cho giio dye d i o tao, chi tieu cdng cho giio due ti-0 tQ trung Udng phd thdng c i c nude OECD gap khoing lan so vdi giio dye dai hgc Theo quan s i t eua Su (2004) qua bp dQ liPu eCia UNESCO tQ n i m 1999 den 2001 eho tiiay rang d nhQng nQdc cd tdng san pham quoc d i n binh quan dau ngUdi eao se cd mpt fy Id thap hdn chi eho giio due dao tgo ed ban tdng chi tidu Ngudn: OECD eua chinh phu so vdi eac Hlnh ^ Ngudn vin diu tU cdng cho giio due dio tao nudc ed GNP binh quin ' phan theo theo dp quin ly ddu ngudi thap hdn Vf « khoa hpc ^ ^ thtftfng n i l ' So 92/2016 f KIEN TRflO o6l Theo mpt bio c i o gan day cua ADB^, ty ip trung lye va fien bp khoa hoe cdng nghe mpt nhiSu binh chi tidu cdng cho giao due dao tao ti-Pn GDP hon (Bing 1) cua cac nude chau A la 2,9% Uidp hOn kha Bang : Diu tu cho giio duo dio tao nhieu so vdi eon so 5,3% d eae nude phat ti-idn vi khoa hgc cdng nghi 2005-2014 va 5,5% d cac nudc My Latinh Mpt tiding sd nhQng nguyen nhan tao nen sy khic bidt n i y l i Dan vi: ty ding ngudn tiiu tQ tiiud cua cdc nude chiu A thdp hOn so vdi mQc tiring binh cua tiie gidi Cy t h l b^ng j ^ Ttng^aSutl BluUcuahhjvveeans ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ nhiing nam 2000s ty Ip doanh tiiu tiiud ti-dn Giflin TScaoiangm Giatn Tgc«H[i3(%) iSigafctu GDP trung binh eie nudc chiu A la 17,8% ti'ong mQc trung binh cua tiie gidi la 28.6% 21.039 5366 14 284 3087 6789 Trong sd cae nude chiu A Vipt Nam la mpt 2007 24164 14.85 15115 5.82 62.55 nhQng nudc ed ty le ehi tieu cdng cho giao 2003 2B212 16.75 15 812 61 5605 due dio tgo trdn GDP cao, vdi eon so Idn den 2009 2010 32 879 16.54 18 502 17.01 56 27 6,3% vio nam 2010 (sd lipy eua UN) 2011 38 829 18.10 20 767 12 24 5348 Theo dieu tra cua Uy ban Chau Au 2012 45 456 17.07 30123 45.05 66 27 (European Commission, 2011), d c i c qudc gia 2013 4S.4D9 -0.10 3!,31 26 7115 chiu Au ngudn von hd'trp til khu vue ehinh phQ 2014 4B4G2 6.72 36705 13.60 76 74 chiem 1/3 tong vdn dau tU chd hogt dpng Ngudn: Tong cue Thing ki nghien cQu va tiien khai (R&D) Trong mpt sd qudc gia, ty Ip ddng gdp cQa ehinh phu la fren 50% nhu Rumani, Phan Lan, Slovakia Ty Ip tinh Bang cho thay d Vipt Nam, Chfnh phu ed vai trd fren fd'ng GDP cua chi tieu edng ITnh vye R&D quan titjng tiong qua ti-inh phit tridn ngudn nhin lyc trung binh d dc nudc chiu Au l i 0,65% v i o n i m va tien bp khoa hgc cong nghp, phin Idn ngudn vdn 2009, ti^ng dd ty Ip d nudc Nga Id 0,8%, v i diu tu ctio ode yeu fd la bat ngudn tQ khu vyc d My la hdn 1% (tren 50% dinh.cho finh vyc qudc cdng chiem ty trpng til 55-75% vao tQng thdi k^ phdng) Cae nude khu vuc d i i u A cd ty Ip thdp hon, Mpc dQ viy vdn d i u tu cQa ehinh phu Vipt Nam Nhpt Ban dinh 0,54% GDP cho chi tieu eong dinh cho giao dye dao tao va hogt dpng chuydn iinh vyc R&D, d Trung,Qudc ehi cd 0,36% mdn, khoa hgc v i edng nghp van edn rat nhd ti^ng Muc tieu cua c i c nude chau Au tdi ndm 2020 se tdng dau tu cdng Phin Idn dau tu edng dugc dinh dinh 3% GDP cho hogt dpng R&D cho eac hang mue x i y dyng cO sd hg tang v i phit Ben egnh ngudn tai trd true tiep tQ chinh phu cho tiien cac nganh cdng nghipp dipn v i ddt, chi khoang 5-7% dau tu edng dUde dinh cho ITnh vyc hoat dpng R&D Uidng qua c i c khoan cho vay, t i i txq, mua sam m i chfnh phu eung cap cho eie niy NhQng nam gan day phan dau tu edng danh doanh ngiep fu nhan la c i c ngudn fai trd gian tiep cho phit tiien ngudn nhin lyc v i tidn tid edng nghp chfnh phu t i l ti'd tiidng qua cac uu dai ve thue R&D da ting Idn nhUng van d mQc xung quanh 7%, vi tiie (tfn dung tiiue, eae khoan phy cap R&D, giam thue rat kho mang lgi hipu qua vUdt b i c cho giio dye dio lUdng R&D cua ngudi lao dpng va an sinh xa hpi, tao va khoa hgc edng nghp (Hlnh 3) hoic cho phep khau hao nhanh von R&D) Them Dan Vf: Ty ding vao cic nguon luc cdng eho hoat ddng R&D d cic nudc l i c i c khoan d i u tiJ tQ c i c td chQc qu^c " " " " td, cae chfnh phQ nude khac va dpc biPt tQ Uy ^f„^ ban ehiu Au Ghi tidu cdng t ^ o giao due dao t^o va 400000 nghien cQu khoa hoc t ^ Vipt Nam Trong giai dogii 2005 - 2014 d i u tU cdng cho ^°°°°° • Ho^t doiig uhincn nioii giio dye, d i o tgo v i nghien cQu khoa h9c lidn tyc fang nhidn mQe dd ting l i khdng dn djnh vl • GloodMC ^A ddo 100 phy tiiupc vao eae chuong trinh tdi tid vdn tQ 100000 nQdc ngoii NhQng nam trudc 2012, tdc dp tang diu tu edng eho ITnh vyc tiidp hdn so vdi tdng vdn dau tu toan xa hpi Song tQ nam 2012, toe dp tang vdn dau tucho giao dye dao tgo vd khoa f^ g^ -pg^g ^yc Thing ki hge cong nghp da rao hdn, pfian ajih muc dp chu Hlnh ; Dau tU cdng cho giio due dio tao vi khoa trgng cua Chfnh phu eho phat tiien ngudn nhdn " " ' - ^ ^oc cdng nghi 2005-2014 fff :iL:l http.//www.adb.org/news/developing-asia-should-use-publio-spendlng-narrow-inequality So 92/2016 lihna hoc thifdngmil '^ 69 Y KIEN TRAP D6I Hlnh cho t h ^ Vipt Nam ed sd lugng edng trinh khoa hgc quoc te khu vyc thupc hdng tiiap Mpe dQ so lupng b i i b i o cd xu hudng tang len song phdn Idn c i c nghipn cQu khoa hpe tQ Vipt Nam edn phu thudc v i o ngogi lyc, cd den 75% eae edng trinh khoa hgc tQ Vipt Nam dQng ten ehung hoic hgp t i c vdi eae ddng nghipp nUdc ngoii (Phgm Duy Hien, 2006) Ve chat lugng, ndu can cQ vao ehi so H^, eae edng trinh khoa hpc cua Vipt Nam chQa dUdc danh g i i rao chi sd H thupe vao hang thdp so vdi c i c ^sooo nude tiong vdng Trong chi so l i ^twoo 70 Singapore 50 Thai Lan thl V i p t ' ™ " Nam chi cd 33, thap hdn ca Malaysia ^°°°° +" v i Indonesia (Nguyen W n Tudn, 2009) f°^ Trung hgc cO sd edng ludn t^iem tren 99% so lugng trudng ca nUdc So lugng trUdng cdng d b i e dgi hgc chiem tren 80%, ty ip khdng co sy thay doi ding kd thdi gian qua NhQ vpy cd thd thay rang, phan Idn so von ehi cho giio dye cua Vipt Nam la v i o eae trudng edng cl mpi cap hgc Cd eau ehi tidu edng thudng xuydn ITnh vye van lan at so vdi chi tieu cho dau tu, ddc bipt l i d i u tU cho nghien cQu v i phit trien Bang eho thay chi ngin sach eho JJOQO giao due, d i o tao v i khoa hge - edng ^g^gg nghp giai dogn 2005-2013 cdn d 5000 mQc thap, d i e bipt la chi d i n h cho khoa hoc cdng nghp ludn dudi % ti-ong tong chi ngan sach Trong ehi eho giio dye dao tao vd nghien cdu khoa hpc tang qua tQng nam ca vd gia tr| v i t j trgng tong chi ngin sich fhi hogt Nguon : ISI dpng khoa hgc edng nghp, ty* ehi trdng tdng chi ngin sich ngiy mpt J-QJ A : long si bii bio quic titling nam (2008-2012) giam Neu xet ty Ip chi ngin sach cho d m^t si quic gia giao due d i o tao va nghien cQu khoa hge Bang ; Chi ngin sieh eho giio due, dio tgo vi khoa hoe - cdng nghi frong fd'ng chi phat giai doan 2005-2013 tnen su nghiep thl thay Dan vy Ty' ding rang ty Ip kha on dmh, khoing tren 20% vd cd xu hudng gia rj trgng tang nhung vdi ty Ip Gial^ '*,r =«^V ''''V ^'^"r ^'^ nho, Vdi hogt dpng khoa hge cdng nghp thi cd nhQng dau hipu dang Ip nggi cho thQe day tien bg khoa hgc cdng nghp, ty IP so voi chi su nghiep giam sQf k h i mgnii, ehi la khoing % tong ehi SQ nghiPp Sd lidu b^a Bang da khaiig dinh thdm mpt l i n nQa r^ng giio due eua Vipt Nam qua CN sy nghijp giao dye, 28611 ^*oi?o cw sy ngt«ft> khoa hpc ^„Z^^^„^:H,Z^ 25M =*"9"S'^™mo,.Rag Ty i? dii GDBT/chi sy nghi^pTO ^^'^ j „ , ^.^,^^., ^, IP thuPc v i o \1 dau tu jijfjG CHI 2627 100,00 64883 100.00 787.55 100.00 1017.500 m.oo chi phat wgr, su nghi^ hnhte'-xahOi 132.33 50,37 37662 50,05 467.02 59,30 60337 S1.67 694124 68^ fO,Sg 7a206 12,05 99,369 12.eZ 127,14 12.99 168692 16.S8 0.98 4.144 0.64 5,758 0,73 5918 ^'^ „ ^^'^^ ,.„ ^^" ^^-^ 1.10 1,23 098 1,11 ^^^'^^'^ ^ 1,95 moo 97846 0.60 7.702 0.76 edng Sd lugng tnJdng JEH^^ cdng ti-ong moi cap hoe ludn chiem ty trgng Idn Ngudn: Ting cgc Thing ke Cac tiiidng Tie'u hpc v i Nim 2005, nhi v$t ly hgc Jorge Hirsch (Dgi hgc Calitomia - San Diego) di xUdng dil si H di dinh gii tim inh hudng cOa mdt nhi khoa hgc Chi si H dugc tinh toin dga vao si cdng trinh cdng bivi si lin trich din 70 wr-'i limg m $ l ' So 92/2016 5#KIEMTRflOf>dl ^ B a n g s Ting 20082009 iy 1$ tSng (%) gia i hgp vi s i trudng 20092010 rji^tang {%) 20102011 doan TJI$Bng (%) 2008-2013 20112012 Tj-I^tang {%) 20122013 T9 le tSng (%) Tnidng 28.114 0,77 28.413 1,06 28.593 0,63 28.803 0,73 28.916 1,13 TiSuhpc 15.051 0,75 15.172 0,80 15.242 0,46 15.337 0,62 15.361 0,16 Cdngl$p 14.957 0,76 15080 0,82 15.148 0.45 15.243 0.63 15266 0,15 94 -1.05 92 -2,13 94 2.17 94 0.00 95 1,06 Tmng hpc ca ed 9.902 1,37 10060 1,60 10.143 0,83 10.243 0,99 10.290 0,46 C6ngt$p 9.868 1,31 10.041 1.75 10127 0,86 10.223 0,95 10.269 0,45 34 21,43 19 -44.12 16 -15,79 20 25,00 21 5,00 Tnjng hoc ph^ thdng 2.192 1.15 2.242 2,28 288 2,05 2.350 2.71 2.425 3,19 Cdngl$p Ngoai c6ng l$p Ngoai cdng I4p 1.735 9,05 1.852 6.74 1.954 5,51 2.034 4,09 2.064 1.47 Ngoai cong l$p 457 -20.66 390 •14.66 334 -14,36 316 -5.39 361 14.24 D91 hpc va Cao dang 403 2,5 414 2.7 419 1,2 421 1,2 427 1.4 C6ngl$p 326 1,2 334 2.5 337 0.9 339 1.8 343 1.2 77 8.5 80 3,9 82 2.5 82 -0,02 84 2.4 Ngoai cdng l?p Ngudn: Bd Giao due vi Dao tao Ve phan cap quan Iv', vdi ed ehe quan 1;^ hanh TJ Id chi tidu chinh phQ dPnh cho giao dye d i o ehinh qua ning ne cQa cac bd, nganh dia phUdng tgo trpn GDP cua Vipt Nam so vdi nhieu nude tren do\ vdi CO sd giao dye v i d i o tao kdt hpp vdi g u i the gidi khdng phai la so thap (xem muc 2) nhieu eO quan thuc hipn nhipm vu quan ly hanh Tuy nhien fong sd ehi tieu dd, phan danh eho chinh cac ed sd giao due da tao sy dan frai eho d i u tu khdng nhidu cdng thPm vdi g i i tn GDP diu tu giao dye va khdng ddng bp hp thap, quan ly c i c khoan ehi tieu yeu kem da lam thdng cae frudng Cae bp nganh, cae dia phUdng cho khoan tien danh eho dau tu da it lai eang if dua Ipp cae trudng dai hpe, eao dajig, them Vdi ty trgng ehi tieu eho nghien cQu va trien tiunq cap ehuyen nghipp, frung cap, eao dang khai hipn chi khoang 0,2% GDP so vdi mQe la nghe dan den hipn tugng chdng cheo, frQng l i p , thap so vdi c i c nQdc khu vue va each xa so dau fu nhieu nhung hogt dpng khdng hieu qua vdi cac nudc phit trien d Chau Au va My VI the Nhieu cd quan quan 1;^' hdnh chinh ap d i t vdi cae can phai danh nhieu ngin sich hdn cho hogt ddng trudng chQc nang giam s i t , quan ly thdng nghien cQu v i trien khai nhat ddi vdi hd thdng giio dye quoc d i n cua Bp Cung bdi vi ngudn lyc t i i chinh yeu nen Giio dye v i d i o tao cdn ydu dan ddn sy rdi logj, thye hien dau tU e i n cd sy t i p trung khong nen pha vd nhQng djnh hQdng chien iQdc phit trien dau fu d i n trai ViPt Nam la mpt nude cd nhieu ldi giio due „ ^ ^ - •the so sanh san xuat ndng san, chiem tdi Mpt so de xuat nham tan^ cUdng vai tro eua 70% dan sdva 60% lyc lugng lao dpng, song san chi tiau va dau tU cong cho giao dye dao tgo va pha'm ndng nghipp diipe tgo ed gia fri gia tang nghien cQu tai Vipt Nam thap bdi sU han che ve ham lugng khoa hge edng ThQ nhat, ddi mdi co cau chi tidu cdng nghp san pham.^Vipt Nam mdi ehi t i p trung giio dye dao tao v i nghien oQu theo hUdng giam vdo san xuat san pham thd, vdi edng nghd san ehi tidu thudng xuydn, t i n g chi tidu cho dau tu va xuat thd so, chua cd sy dau fU vao s i n xudt theo nghidn cQu, tridn khai, dpc bidt la ITnh vyc R&D edng nghp eao va ed qiiy trinh che bien san pham ndng nghidp l i san pham the manh cQa hien dai Do dd chua thye sy tao dUdc tfnh ben Vidt Nam vQng, dn djnh ddi vdi nganh san xuat ndng nghipp So 92/2016 ~ hlifla hoc ^ihifdng mai ^ -^ L Y KIEN TRAP POI J vdn eh]u nhieu rui ro tQ thdi tiet v i bidn ddng oQa thl trudng Dau fu cdng eho ITnh vye ndng nghiPp mpc dQ da duge ehQ trgng, ^iai dogn 2006 - 2011 chiem gan 50% tdng vdn dau tU phit trien ngudn ngin saeh n h i nUde v i t r i i phieu chinh phu Tuy nhien, phan tdn van danh cho x i y dyng cd sd ting v i xda ddi g i i m ngheo, chiem gan 65%, chi cd mdt phan rat nhd cho hoat dpng nghien oQu va trien l