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TAP OHI KHOA HOC SO 3/201B MOT SO BIEN PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY vA HOC HOC PHAN H A NO! HOC 6 TRUdNG DAI HOC IHU DO HA NQI Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa'''' Tru&ng Dai hoc Thit dd Hd Ngi Tom tdt Dd tic lau, gid[.]
TAP OHI KHOA HOC - SO 3/201B MOT SO BIEN PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY vA HOC HOC PHAN H A NO! HOC TRUdNG DAI HOC IHU DO HA NQI Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa' Tru&ng Dai hoc Thit dd Hd Ngi Tom tdt: Dd tic lau, gidng day kien thirc ve Ha Ngi tr& thdnh ngi dung bdt buoc & mgt so tru&ng Trung hoc ca so, Trung hgc phg thong tren dia bdn Hd Ngi, dgc biel chuang trinh ddo tgo nganh Vi^t Nam hgc & mgt so tnc&ng Dgi hgc mc&c da xdy dirng lhanh hoc phdn "Hd Ngi hgc" v&i tin chi (30 tiet) Bdng sa tru&ng vd kinh nghiim gidng dgy moi gido vien da sir diuig linh hoal cdc phuong phdp, phirang lien dgy hgc, cdc thao idc, hinh thirc to chirc dgy hgc moi noi dung phii bop v&i limg doi tugng Hip nhdn Cdc phuong phap, hinh thirc to chirc dgy hoc cluing toi chia se du&i ddy se Id nhimg gai y giup cho nhirng gid hoc tren lap hay ngodi thuc dia ciia mon Hd Ngi hgc tr& nen li thii vd bo ich Tirkhod: Hd Ngi hoc Viet Nam hgc, phirang phdp dgy, phuang phdp hgc DAT VAN DE Hd Ngi hoc la mon hgc cung cap nhirng kien thiic ca ban ve kliu vuc Ha Npi: dja li, lich sii, kinh te, van hoa tir truyen thdng den duang dai, tren ca sd nhan thirc loan dien ve manh dat Thii dd, ngudi hpc van dung vao nhirng cdng vice cu the de xay dung, phat tnen viing dat ngan nam van hien tren mpi binh dien thdi dai hpi nhap toan cau Tai lieu phuc vu cho mdn hpc hien klia phong phii, nhien cac cdng trinh mdi chi tap tning viet ve nhirng van de dan le cua Ha Npi nhu: "//a Ngi nghin xua" ciia Tran Qudc Vugng va Vu Tuan San (1975), "D/ lich vd vdn vdt viing ven Thdng Long" ciia Do Thinh (1995), "Chiia Hd Ngi' ciia Nguyen The Long, Pham Mai Hiing (1997), "P/;d phuang Hd Noi xua" cua Hoang Dao Thiiy (2000), '"Hd Ngi - du&ng dong song vd lich sic" ciia Nguyen Vinh Phiic (2004), "Tien sT Nho hgc Thdng Long - Hd Noi" ciia Bin Xuan Dinh (2005), "Hoi lang Hd Noi" ciia Le Trung Vu (2006), "Thuong nhomic&i hai" ciia Vu Bang (2008), "Cdc Thdnh hoang vd lin nguong Thdng Long - Hd Noi" cim Nguyen Vinh Phiic (2009) ' Nlian bai 25 03^.2016, giii phan bien va duy?t dang 28 04.2016 Lien he lac gia: Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa; Email nuhoa@daihocthudo.edu 100 II TRLfdNB BAI HOC T H C J B D HA HOI Nam 2010, PGS.TS Nguyin Thj Bich Ha, trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi da xuat ban cudn "//a A^p; - ngu&i, lich sic vd vdn hod", dii chi vdi 150 trang nhung cuon sach da he thdng hoa nhirng kiln thue ca ban tir dae diem sinh thai, Ijch sii Ha Ndi qua cac thdi ki, d§n cac khia canh \i van hod nhu di tich, ki8n tnic, am thuc, phong tuc tap qudn, danh nhan va mpt s6 vin di cua Ha Npi ducmg dai Cudn sach da trd thdnh cam nang cho ngudi day va ngudi hgc tiSp can mdn hgc (dac biet ddi vdi giang vien va sinh vien trudng Dai hpc Thu Ha Npi) Tir nam 2014 d^n 2016, nhom tac gid cua trucmg Dai hpc Thii Ha Npi dang thuc hien de tai cip Thanh phd "Nghien ciru xdy dung chuong trinh ddo tao, bdi duong Hd Noi hoc & tru&ng Cao ddng Supham Hd Noi (nay Id tnr&ng Dgi hgc Thu Hd Noi)" PGS.TS Pham Qudc Sir chu bien Hi vpng sau klii duac nghiem thu, cdng trinh se trd cuon tai lieu ddy dii, he thdng vl cae khia canh eiia Ha Npi, phuc vu nhu cdu giang day va hpc tap cua giang vien, hpc sinh, sinh vien, nhirng ngudi cd mdi quan tam sau sac ve mdn hpc Vdi dac thii cua mpt ca sd dao tao dupe ddi tren dat Kinh ki, Ke Chp, gan 20 nam qua chuang trinh dao tao ciia trudng Dai hpc Thii dd Ha Npi (tien than la trudng Cao dang Su pham Ha Noi) da dua Ha Ngi hpc trd lhanh mdn hpc bat bupc tin chi danh cho sinh vicn he Cao dang (du kien danli tin chi cho nganh Viet Nam hoc he Dai hgc chinh quy) d hau het cac ma nganh irong toan trudng Mdn hpc dupe chia lam bai bao gdm hon 30 npi dung cu the, doi hdi giang vien can trang bi khdi lupng kien thirc toan dien, dae biet phai sir dung nhieu phuong phap day hpc nham tang tinh hap dan cho ca thay va tro qua trinh Ien Idp Vdi chiing toi, nliung ngudi da nliieu nam dam nhiem hpc phan nay, doi tugng giang day chinli la sinli vien nganli Viet Nam hpc (bp mdn khoa hpc nghien cuu ve dat nude va ngudi Viet Nam) vdi hai hudng dau ra: lam cdng tac van hoa hoac lam nganh du lich 80% smh vien nganh Vict Nam hpc d trudng Dai hpc Thii Ha Ngi diu la ngudi Ha Ndi (bao gdm ca Ha Npi gdc va md rong), phan Idn sinh vien sau trudng deu lam vice tai Thii do, vi vay mue ticu ciia chiing toi khdng chi eung cdp nhiing kiin thirc nen tang tap trung rcn Iuycn nhu'ng kT nang cdn th\ii nhim phuc vu dac thii cong vice CAU TRUC MON HA NQI HOC CUA MOT SO TRlT^NG HQC 2.1 Day kien thiic ve Ha Noi cac trudng Trung hoc ca sd tren dia ban Ha Npi Nhan that dupe tam quan ciia vice giao due cac kien thuc vc Thu ll;i Npi, song song vdi vice bicn soan cudn tai lieu vi "Dia li Hd Ngi", tir nam 2001, so Giao TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO / 101 due va ddo tao Ha Ndi da td chuc bien soan bd tdi li?u ''Lich sii- dia phucmg Hd Ngi" dua vao giang day chuang trinh cac cdp tir THCS den THPT (hang nam deu co chinh li, bd simg) Dac biet, bp tai h$u \i gido due nip sdng van minh, lich ciia ngudi Ha Ndi da cung cdp nhung net van hod dac trung cua mdnh dat nghin nam tuoi cho cac the he tre hom Chiing tdi su dung k6t qud khdo sat ve npi dung d?y vd hpc kien thurc ve Hd Npi Clia tdc gid Trdn Vdn Anh vdi bdi viet "Thicc trgng dgy hgc noi dung kien thirc ve Hd Noi cdc truong Trung hoc ca s& a Hd Noi" hpi thao khoa hpc "Hd Ngi hoc chuang trinh ddo tgo cua trudng Dgi hoc Thu Hd Noi" ciia khoa Klioa hpc Xa hpi Tae gia da lira chpn trudng Trung hpc ca sd nam d cdc quan ndi va huyen ngoai thdnh tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi nhu: THCS Nguyen Cdng Tni (quan Ba Dinh), THCS Le Lpi (Hodn Kilm), THCS Thj trdn Sdc San (huy$n Soc Son), THCS Van Phiic (Ha Ddng), THCS Tiln Phong (Me Linh), THCS Vdn Dinh (Ung Hoa) Ket qua dieu tra thuc te cho thdy ed npi dung chinh ve Ha Npi dupe dua vao giang day cac trudng THCS neu tren gdm: Lich sii Ha Npi (80%); di tich lich sii vdn hoa tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi (65%); thien nhidn, canh dep cua Ha Npi (70%); danh nhdn Ha Npi va sy vdn minh, Ijch ciia ngudi Hd Npi (100%); nhiing chien cdng chdng giac ngoai xam eiia ngudi Ha Npi (72,5%); cac gia tri van hoa cua Ha Npi: hpi hoa, ki§n tnic, dm nhac, am thuc, nghi cd truySn (80%); su phdt trien kinh te, van hod va nhiing vdn dS hien ciia Hd Npi (50%); gin giit va phdt huy gia tri cua hd Npi thdi dai mdi (65%) Nhirng sd thong ke tren dd cho thay, nOi dung kien thiic ve Ha Npi hpc dupe gidng day khd phong phii nhimg tdp trung chu yeu vdo rapt sd khia canh kien thiic ndi bat nhu: Ijch sii Hd Ndi, cdc gia tri van hoa nhu bdi hoa, kien tnic, am nhac, dm thyc, ngh6 c6 truyen Song, npi dung dupe giang day d hau het cac trudng THCS la danh nhdn Hd Npi, sy van minh, Ijch ciia ngudi Ha Npi (dupe sir dung Ijch sii, vdn hpc, cd tiet ndi khod cung nhu ngoai khod) Ben canh do, rapt sd npi dung it dupe de cap den nhu: di tich Ijch sir van hod tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi, thien nhien, canh dep cua Ha Ndi, ddc bietraOtso van de eua Hd Npi ducmg deii chua dupe de cap den: thi Ha Npi, nhiing vdn de ve phdt trien kinh tS, vdn hod, mdi trudng, loi sdng cua Ha Npi bdi cdnh dd thj hod va todn cau hoa 2,2 Tinh hinh giang dgy hoc ph^n H^ N6i hoc d mot so trirdng Dai hoc hi^n Hipn nay, hpc phan "Hd Ngi hoc" da dupe dua vao giang day chuang trinh dao tao cua nganh Viet Nam hpc d rapt sd trudng Dai hpc nhu: Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi 2, Dai hpc Hiing Vuong (Phii Thp), Dai hpc Ha Npi, Dai hpc Thu 102 II TRUCiNB BAI HOC THLI BO HA HDI Ha Npi Do djnh hudng ve chuan dau cua nganh Viet Nam hpc cdc trudng Dai hpc, sinh vien trudng se lam ve nganh van hod hoac du Ijch, dd, hpc phdn Ha Ndi hpc dupe xep khdi kiln thirc chuyen nganh danh cho sinh vien nam thu ba vdi tin ehi (30 tilt) Dilm chung ngi dung giang day ciia mdn hpc d cdc trudng deu de cap den cac vdn dl ca ban cua kliu vuc Ha Ngi: dac diem sinh thai - tu nhien, Ijch sit Ha Ndi qua cac thdi ki, Ha Ndi - trung tam kinh t l - chinh trj Dac biet cac giang vien deu danh nhieu thdi lupng (50% sd tilt) gidi thieu, phan tieh ve dac tnmg van boa Hd Npi: phong tuc tap quan, kiln tnic, phd nghi, lang nghe, danh nhdn, di tich, danh thang Tuy nhien, theo thi manh vd kinh nghiem eiia mdi giang vien ma su phan bd gid li thuyet, gid bai tap, thao luan nhom hay gid trai nghiem thuc te mon hpc cd sy kliac d mdi ca sd dao tao Hdu hit cae giang vien dam nhiem hpc phdn deu ed chung mue tieu la cung cSp nhirng kiln thirc ca ban ve Ha Npi va kT nang can thiet de sinh vien co the van dung klii lam cdng tac nghien cuu van hoa hay lam hudng dan vien du lieh tai Ha Ndi sau klii tdt nghiep 2.3 Mot so goi y ve sii- dung cac phuoTig phap day vdi hoc phan Ha Npi hoc d trirdng Dai hoc Thii Ha Noi Trong qua trinh day hpc, moi giang vien da ap dung nhieu phuang phap, phdi hop mpt so hinh Ihiic td chirc day hpc khac de dat duoc miic tieu ciia tirng npi dung cu the Nhu da ndi d tren, vi tai lieu tham khao phuc vu mon hpc rat phong phit nen phuang phap thuyet trinh, phucmg phap dam thoai dupe ap dung xuyen suot tu bai sd I den bai sd Vdi bai 1: Nghien ciru Hd Noi nghien cu-u khu vuc hoc, tren ca sd sinh vien ty dgc tai lieu d nha, giang vien phat van tai Idp mot sd van de ca ban ve kliu vyc hpc gdm: khai ni?m, ddi tupng nghien ciru, ITnh virc va phuang phap tiep can; tai noi nghien ciiu Ha Ngi la mgt bg phan ciia nghien cim khu vyc hpc, doi tucmg nghien cuu ciia Ha Npi hgc la gi? Sau giai dap nhirng thac mac ve npi ham cac van dl, gidng vien he thdng kiln thiic co ban ciia bai hpc bang sa tu giiip sinh vien ghi nhd Phucmg phap lam vice nhom duoc su dung d bai 2: Dia li - lich sir Hd Ngi va bai 5: Hd Ngi - lich sic chong giac ngogi xdm tren ca sd long hop cac tu lieu, ngudi day yeu ciu cac nhom trinh bay trudc lap bang thdng ke nien bilu tren gidy Ao vdi npi dung tuong Li'ng cot (cot 1: thdi gian, cot 2: hoan canh lich su ddt nude, cot ten cupc khdi nghTa dicn tai Ha Npi, col 4: ten cae thii ITnh mdi cupc khdi nghTa, cot ten gpi Ha Npi d moi giai doan, cot 6: ten kinh dd ciia dat nude) Qua dd, sinh vien hicu dupe y nghTa 13 ten ggi qua cac thdi ki va vai tro nhirng ngudi diing diu Ha Ngi lich su, thdy dupe vj the CLia Thu dd he thing chinh tn Vict Nam TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 3/ZDlB 103 Phuang phap sii dung dd dimg tryc quan (bao gdm ban dat dai va ban dd sdng ngoi cua Ha Npi xua va nay) dupe sit dung ngudi day mudn lam ndi bat net dac trung ve diiu kien ty nhien (vi tri dia li, ddt dai, sdng ngoi, hdu) ciia Ha Ngi Tir nhiing minh chiing ngudi hgc chi nliirng anh hudng ciia dieu kien ty nhien den viee phat trien kinh tl, chinh tri, van hod ciia vimg dat De phuc vu bdi 7: Danh nhdn Hd Ngi, trudc hit ngudi day su dung sa dd tu de he thdng nhom cac danh nhan la ngudi Ha Npi theo timg npi dung (anh hiing chdng giac ngoai xam (quan su); nha kinh te gidi (kinh te); cac nlia van hod, van hpc tieu bieu (van hpc, nghe thuat), nha khoa hpc va klioa bang tai danh ngudi (khoa bang), nhirng ngudi diing ddu Ha Npi xua va (chinh tri) C) mdi ndi dung nay, giang vien suu tara tranh anh va nhirng thudc phim minh hoa ve ngudi va nhiing dong gdp cua danh nhan doi vdi Ha Npi tirng ITnh vyc Tren co sd do, sinh vien sang tao nliirng cudn sd tay suu tdm nhung cau chuyen hoac giai thoai ve cac danh nhan phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien ciiu van hod hoac hudng dan du lich Cac npi dung de cap phan mdn deu dien tai que huong ciia ngudi hpc vi the giang vien khong the khong sir dung phuang phap trai nghiem sang tao qua trinh tmyen thu, dac biet klii ndi ve cac net van hoa cua ngudi Ha Npi d bai sd Chang ban, tim hieu ve kien tnic cac di tich hch sii, van hoa d Ha Npi, ngirdi day lya chon nhung di tich tieu bieu cho mdi loai hinh kien tnic de dua sinh vicn den thuc dia: chiia Tran Quoc tim hieu ve lich su va kien iriic chiia, thap, hoang thang Thang Long (kien tnic hoang thanh, tir cam lhanh xua), nha cd 87 Ma May (kien tnic nha d) Sau nhirng budi dien da, sinh vien se khai quat dupe dac diem kien inic ciia tung loai hinh di tich va minh hoa cho nhirng luan diem bang he thdng birc anh da thu thap tren thyc te Ciing bai so 3, hpc ve van hoa ara thyc ciia ngirdi Ha Ngi, giang vien su dung phuang phap lap du an va trinh dien san pham theo hai clui de (thyc hien mpt cudn sd tay du Ijch am thyc hay thiet ke mpt chuang trinh du Ijch city tour gan vdi viec quang ba dae san ciia Thii dd) Cac nhom se lya chgn mot hai chii de tren, tien hanh thong ke, tuyen chgn ten mdn an, ghi ro thong tin vc dja chi ban, thdi diem an, each thudng thirc, mieu ta ve huang vj va hinh anli minh hoa cho moi mon an) Phuang phap khdng nhirng gnip sinh vicn dupe "muc sd thi" ma tich liiy dupe nhung kien thirc va 1