B S e T T T H U d N C DAI HOC SU PHAM TP H 4 CHi MINH HO CHl M I N H ClTf UNIVEHSITY OF EDIKAI ION LslEa TAP CHf KHOA HQC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN K W A HQC GlAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1«59 3tOI) Tip H[.]
B S e T T T H U d N C DAI HOC SU PHAM TP H C H i M I N H HO C H l M I N H C l T f UNIVEHSITY OF E D I K A I I O N LslEa TAP CHf KHOA HQC ISSN: K W A HQC GlAO DUC 1«59-3tOI) Tip H , S» (2017): 5-15 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION SCIENCE Vol 14, No (2017): 5-15 f/natf; bpchiUKahooOlKnuia.edu.'m: Wibslte: tilKrJ/lclitiJicmiil.eila.m VTHVC TR4LNG KI NANG THICH O I G V I M I TRlTOfNG CONG VIEC KHI THVC T4JP T T NGHUpP CtJA SINH VIEN d THANH P H HO CHI MINH Hu^tth Van San" Ngdy Tda S09/1 nh$n dUqc M i : 30^2016; ngdyf^dn bi$n Odnh gid 09-10-2016; ngdy c/i^p nh$n (Bng: 08-01-2017 T6MTAT Bdi viit phdn tich thuc trgng kf ndng thich ung (KNTlI) vai mdi trudng cdng vi^c th{ic t4p t6t nghiep (TTTN) cua sinh vien (SV) tgi Thdnh Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM) tif kit qud nghien c&u trin 1180 SV dugrc khdo sdt trSn trudng dgi hgc tgi TPHCM Kit qud nghien cuu cho thay binh dien du^c xem xet KNTV vdi mdi trudng cdng vi$c TTTN da phan SV dgt a mdc d0 khd Tir khda: ki n3ng thfch Cimg, mdi trudng cdng v i ^ , th^tc t^p t6t ng^i^p ABSTRACT The reality of students' adt^tabHity to working environment during their internship in Ho Chi Minh Gty The article analyses the reality 0/students' adaptability to working environment during their internship in Ho Chi Minh City from research results on 1180 students surveyed in four universities in HCM city Results show that most interns scored fairly in the six aspects reviewed regarding their adaptability to working environment KQwerds: adaptability, environment of work, graduate internship D$t van d l H o ^ dpng TTTN \k mgt nhOng ho9t d^ng quan trpng qud trinh SV tiieo hoc t^i trudng Thdi gian thye tgp Id CO hgi d l SV itog dyng nhfhig tri thijtc dS hpc dupc d trudng vdo thye tien, hhih thdnh 16ng y€u nghi, chuln bj cho qud trinh 1dm v i ^ thvrc s^i sau ndy Ddy cGng Id ea h^i giiip SV rfen luy?n KNTlT vdi m6i 7777V, khd ndng tich cifc, chit dgng vd sdng tgo & cd nhdn di hinh thdnh nhiing phuang thuc hdnh vi, hdnh ddng ddp iung vdi nhihig diiu ki4n cua mdi trudng TTTN, khd ndng Idm chd mdi trudng vd hoa nh4p vdi mdi trudng TTTN, kM ndng hinh thdnh nhimg cdu tgo tdm li mdi di ddm bdo th^c hi$n hi$u qud nhimg nhi$m v^ thytc tgp tot Tuy nhi6n, thye \k c6 t h i thay nhilu tnidng Idm vi^c cho bdn thdn KNTU" vdi moi trudng c6ng vi^c TTTN ciia SV dupc hilu Id khd ndng nhdn th^ hi^u qud vi mdi trucmg Idm vi$c SV chua chuln bj tdm the sdn sdng tham gia vdo hogit dpng nghi ngbi$p di TTTN, cdc em edn Idng tiing vd khd thich nghi vdi nhihig ySu c l u ciia mdi trudng lao ' Khoa T S m II hpc - Tnrtrng D^i hoc S i r phgm T P H C M ; Email: sonhuynhts@gmaH.com 79 mirOiia ni HQC I U PH^II rr HS CHI HIHH KJ-^OAHOC dOng ngh^ nglii^ tlivrc t^ - moi truong c6 nliilu diSm khde bi^t vdi nhOng li thuylt md cdc em du^c tiSp thu trufmg dfii hpc Di^u dnh hu6ng lch6ng nho tdi CO hpi nghi nghipp ciia SV tuong lai Ctiinh vi v$y, vipc nghidn ciiu KNTLT voi moi trudng c6ng vi$c Ithi TTTN cila SV dl tii d6 c6 nhihig bi6n phdp nang cao Id ndng (KN) cho SV Id thyrc sv edn thilt Gidi quylt van dl 2.1 Khdch thi vd phumg phdp nghiin cdm Khdch thi nghien ctiu chinh gom 1180 SV tnrong dsii hpc t?u TPHCM: D?i hpc Su pham TPHCM, Dai hpc Ngdn hdng TPHCM, D ^ hpc Tdi chinh Malteting vd D?i hpc CSng ngh? TPHCM NghiSn cuu six d\mg phii hpp cdc phuong phdp, tiong dd phuong p h ^ dilu tra bdng bdng h6i Id phuong phdp chinh, cdc phucmg phdp nghiSn c4u l?i nhu: phuong phdp phong vin, phuong phdp thing ke todn hpc Id cdc phuong phdp bl tnjt Cdng cy nghien cdu gdm 29 cdu hdi dupc chia thdnh phin: Phin 1: Tir cdu din cau 6: dl c$p nhjn thiic ciia SV vl cdc vin dl co bdn lidn quan KNTlT vdi mdi trudng cdng vipc TTTN Cdu 1: Thn hilu nhgn thdc ciia SV vl khdi ni$m thich ling vdi mdi trudng cdng vi$c Cdu 2: Tim hilu nhdn thiic cua SV vl khdi ni?m KNTiJ" Cdu 3: Tim hilu nhdn thuc cia SV vl khdi ni?m KNTlT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi^c TTTN Cau 4: Tun hilu nhdn thilc cua SV vl tam quan trpng cua KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi^c TTTN Cdu 5: Tim hilu nhdn thiic cua 80 TPP 14, SS 1(2017): 79-93 SV vl tim quan trpng cua cdc bilu hi$n KNTLT vdi mdi tnidng cdng vipc TTTN Cdu 6: Nhdn thdc vl nhfhig bilu hipn cy thi KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi?c TTTN Phan 2: tii cdu din cdu 11: thn hilu nhiing khd khdn SV g^p phdi liSn quan din cdc vin dl ttiich ling vdi hoat ddng TTTN Cdu 7: Thn hiln khd khdn lign quan din tdm thi sdn sdng nghi nghi^ hoat ddng TTTN Cdu 8: TTm hilu khd khdn vi$c thich iing vdi ndi dung TTTN Cdu 9: Tim hilu khd khdn vi?c thich dng vdi vifc rdn luy$n KN nghi nghifp TTTN Cdu 10: Thn hilu khd khdn v i ^ thich dng vdi cdc dilu k i ^ , phuong ti$n t^ mdi tnidng 1dm vifc TTTN Cdu 11: Thn hilu khd khdn vi$c thich ling vdi cdc mli quan h$ tai trudng va co sd thvc t$p tjii mdi trudng 1dm vi$c TTTN Cdu 12: Tim hilu khd khdn vi$c thich dng vdi cdc chudn mye, quy tie t^i mdi trudng 1dm vi$c TTTN Phin 3: Td cdu 13 din cdu 15: tim hidu vl ty danh gid cua SV vl KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi^c TTTN Cdu 13: Ty ddnh gid cda SV ve KNTLT vdi moi tnidng edng vipc boat dpng TTTN Cdu 14: Ddnh gid cda SV ddi vdi SV khac vl KINTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi$e hogt ddng TTTN Cdu 15: Ty ddnh gid cda SV vl nhiing bilu hifn cy thi cda KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi$c hogt dpng TTTN Phan 4: Td cdu 16 din cdu 22: tim hilu thye trang KNTLT vdi mdi trudng niiOtt BAI HQC IU ntM tr ut CMI >IHH KJ-iOAHOC Htipnh Vdn Sffn tifn ho$c cong cu sdn xudt ndo dd ciia ca sd TTTN Cdu 26: SV khdng dupc co sd TTTN chia se thdng tin s6 lifu, dU lifu cin thilt Cdu 27: SV mit binh tuih ttong tinh hu6ng giao ti€p Pfain 6: Cdu 28 va 29: tim hilu mpt s6 ydu td vd nguyen nhdn anh hudng KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vifc hoat dOng TTTN cua SV Cdch thiic chim dilm dupc quy dinh nhu sau: Cac cau 1, 2, 3, 4, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 chi cd thi lua chpn mpt ddp an nen I^a chpn phu hpp nhit dupc md hda Id vd khdng chpn md hda Id Sau dd, cdc nOi dung dupc xu li vd th6ng ke chu ylu tren tin sd vd ti If phin trdm khdch thi l\ra chpn Cdu thu$c dgng cdu hdi cd ba miic l\ra chpn, l\ra chpn "rdt dong y" dupc md hda la 3, "ddng y" dupc md hda vd Phin 5: Tir cdu 23 din cdu 27: tim "khdng ding ^" dupc md hda la hilu thye trgng KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vifc hogt' dpng TTTN ciia SV Cdc cdu 5, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12,13.14, thdng qua thih hudng gid djnh Cdu 23: SV 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28 thufc khdng bilt sii dung mdy photocopy dgng cdu hdi ddnh gid tren miic df dupc dupc giao vifc Cdu 24: SV duoc dl cii goi ^ sdn Cdu trd ldi thdp nhit dupc cho I tham gia vdo du an vdi mpt nhifm vy khd vd cao nhat dupc dilm Tren ca sd ndy, nhung cd liSn quan din chuySn mdn ciia dilm trung binh (DTB) dupc quy thdnh SV Cau 25: SV Idm hu hdng mpt phuang cac muc nhu d Bang dudi ddy: Bdng L Cdch quy diem timgcdu bdng hdi chinh thuc cdng vi$c ho^t dOng TTTN cua SV t r ^ cdc phuong di^n cu thd Cdu 16: Hm hilu tam thi sdn sdng vdi hoat dOng TTTN ciia SV Cdu 17: Tim hilu cac bieu hi$n cu till ciia tam thi nghi nghifp sdn sdng vdi ho^t dpng TTTN d SV Cdu 18: Thn hilu vl KNTLT ddi vdi npi dung TTTN cua SV Cdu 19: Tim hilu vl KNTlT d6i vdi vi?c ren luy?n nghe nghifp tai mdi trudng Idm vifc ho^t dOng TTTN cua SV Cdu 20: Thn hilu vl KNTLT d6i vdi cac dilu kifn, phuong tifn t^ mdi trudng lam vifc tx)ng hogt dpng TTTN ciia SV Cau 21: •Rm hilu vl KNTLT ddi vdi cac mdi quan hf tai trudng va ca sd th\ic t$p t£ii mdi tnidng 1dm vifc hoat dpng TTTN cita SV Cau 22: Tmi hilu vl KNTU" d6i vdi cdc m6i quan hf vdi cdc chuan m ^ , quy tdc tgi mdi trudng 1dm vifc hogt dpng TTTN ciia SV BTB 4,51 - 5,0 3,51 - 4,5 2,51 - 3,5 1,50 - 2,5 1,00-1,49 MiTc DO Cau 4,5 Rdt quan trpng Quan trpng Binh thudng Khdng quan trpng Hodn toan khdng quan trpng Ti^ can - 12 Rat thudng xuyen Thudng xuySn Thinh thoang Hiem Tii'cau 16-22 Cao Kha Trung binh Thdp Cdu 28 Rit nhieu Nliilu Trung bmh It Khdng bao gid Rdt thdp Rat it TIV4HB BAI HQC IU tUU TP MA CHl HINH f^HOAHOC TSP 14, si 1(2017): 79-93 Cdc cdu hdi du^c quy dilm theo so md hda, sau dd duprc tinh tong dilm phin 1, phin vd phdn Dya tren tdng dilm thip nhit Id 97 vd ting dilm eao nhdt Id 395 Miic d9 KNTlT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi$e ho^ ddng TTTN cda SV dugc quy dli nhu sau (xanBdng2): Bdng Cdch qtiy diim cho mdc dp KNTlSvdi moi tnidng cdng vi$c hogt dpng TTTN cdaSV DTB IMfCDO 97-117 Kdm 118-144 Ylu 145-202 Trung binh 203-260 Khd 261-395 Cao Nhu vdy, ket qud nghidn eiiu ndy, khdch thi cd DTB cdng cao d mdt ndi dung ndo thi cang cd KN mdc dp cao d ndi dung dd vd ngupc Igi 2.2 Kit qud nghiin cdu KNTV vdi mSi trudng cdng vipc TTTN KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi?e TTTN dupc bilu hi?n trSn cdc phuong di?n: thich ling tdm thi nghi nghi$p; thich dng vdi ndi dung TTTN; thieh dng vdi vi?c rdn luy$n KN nghi nghipp; thich ung vdi cde dilu ki$n, phuong ti^n 1dm vipc; thieh ling vdi cdc mli quan h$ tgi trucmg vd co sd thye tdp; thich dng vdi eac chudn mye, quy tdc tgi mdi trudng 1dm vipc TT 82 2.2.1 KNTlfvdi moi trtrdng cdng vi^c TTTN cua SV tren phucmg difn tdm thi nghi nghidp Tdm thi nghe nghi$p Id mdt ylu tl quan trpng dl SV thich nghi vd phin diu mdi trudng thye t$p Tdm thi sdn sdng giup SV mgnh dgn dli di$n vdi nhiing khd khdn mdi trudng TTTN vd chu ddng ling phd trudc nhttng tinh hulng bat ngd xdy cdng vi^, cdc moi quan hp lien quan din noi thye tgp Theo Bang 3, DTB chung 3,44 cho thiy tdm thi sin sdng vdi hogt d$ng TTTN cda SV d mdc binh thudng, chua chgm muc sdn sang Bdng Tdm thi sdn sdng vai hogt dpng TTTN NOI DUNG TansI Tilf(%) Rat sin sdng 165 14,0 Sdn sdng 510 43,2 Binh thudng 192 16,3 Khdng sdn sdng 307 26,0 Hoan toan khdng sdn sdng 0,5 DTB 3,44 TRirffia flfl HOC t u P H t i I P HO CHl HIHH KmAHOC HitpnhVSttSan Cdn cd vdo thang do, cho ph^p khdng djnh phin ddng SV chua sin sdng cho hogt ddng TTTN Cy thi, ting ba mdc: binh thudng, khdng sin sdng vd hodn todn khdng sdn sdng Id 42,8%, gin 50% Ddng luu y cd din 307 SV tuong dng vdi 26,0% cho rdng bdn thdn khdng sin sdng DSy Id nhftng sl li$u mang tinh bdo ddng cho chit lupng cda TTTN Kit qud phdng vin SV N.T.H cho thiy: "Trudc TTTN, bdn thdn cdm thdy rdt hoang mang, khong biet minh sS idm gi vd pitdi gidi qtiyit nh&ng khd khdn rthtr thi ndo Em rAt sff bj tit chSi Irong vipc timcasd TTTN" Tuy ed din 43,2% SV cho rdng bdn than tdm thi sin sdng vd 14,0% rit sin sdng, vdi tong hai mdc ndy Id 57,2% nhung ddy khdng phdi Id mdt s6 lipu cao ddp ling ki vpng vl tdm thi sdn sdng vdi hogt ddng TTTN Didu ndy ddt nhiing vin dl cin gidi quylt viSe ndng cao tdm thi sin sdng vdi hogt ddng TTTN 2.2.2 KNTiJ vai moi trtedng cdng vi$c TTTN cua SV trSn phuang dien ndi flung TTTN (xem Bdng 5) Bdng KNTl/vdi mdi trudng cdng vi^c TTTN cua SV trSn phuang di$n npi dung TTTN MtTCDO TT N$i dung Trung Rit Cao Khd Thip binh thip Ndm day dd n$i dung thdm nhdp thye tl hogt dpng cda 62 420 669 29 ngdnh - nghi, cdng vi$c; dm 35,6 56,7 5,3 2,5 hilu quy trinh hogt ddng ciia don vj TTTN Triln khai nhanh chdng thdm nhgp thye tl hogt dOng cua 42 367 694 77 ngdnh - nghi, edng vi^; tim 3,6 31,1 58,8 6,5 bilu quy trinh hogt ddng cua don vi bdt dau TTTN Tl diiic thye hi^n ed hi^u qud ndi dimg thdm nhdp thye tl 58 368 646 102 hogt ddng eua ngdnh - nghi, 4,9 31,2 54,7 8,6 0,5 cdng vi?c; thn hilu quy trinh hogt ddng cua don vj TTTN Ndm bdt diy du ve ndi dung Igp 53 570 487 65 kl hogch thye tgp hogt 4,5 48,3 41,3 5,5 0,4 ddng TTTN Triln khai nhanh chdng ndi 47 433 607 85 DTB 3,44 3,32 3,31 3,51 3,36 83 TRirtlNS B f l HOC I U PHf H TP HA CHl H H H KhDAHOC dung I^p ke hogch thye t^p 4,0 hogt dOng TTTN Td chdc thye hipn ed hi$u qud 48 npi dung l$p kl hogch thye t|tp 4,1 hogt ddng TTTN Ndm bdt diy du vi$c sd dyng 58 iing dyng kiln thdc dd hpc vdo 4,9 thye tl mdi trudng cdng vipc TTTN Triln khai nhanh vi^c sd dyng ling dyng kien thiic dd hpe vdo 60 thye tl mdi trudng edng vipe 5,1 TTTN To chiic thye h i ^ cd hi$u qud npi dung sd dyng - dng dyng 84 kiln thdc dd hpc vdo Ihyc te 7,1 mdi trudng cdng vi^c TTTN Tham gia tryc tilp vdo cdc npi dung cdng v i ^ thudc chuydn 56 10 mdn qud trhih TTTN mdt 4,7 cdch phu hpp (cd hi$u qud nhit djnh) Rdn luy$n KN nghe nghifp 62 11 TTTN 5,3 lUn luypn phim chat - dgo dde 67 12 nghi nghipp qud ti^nh 5,7 TTTN ehu dpng Thye hipn vi?c vilt bdo cdo tit 125 13 nghifp mdt edch diy du, chit 10,6 lupng theo diing ydu clu Tham gia khd day dd cde npi dung dng vdi vj tri cdng vipc 96 14 mdi trudng Idm vifc 8,1 TTTN DTB Chung 84 T9P 14, si 1(2017): 79-93 36,7 51,4 7,2 0,7 446 37,8 601 50,9 61 5,2 24 2,0 3,37 458 38,8 557 47,2 81 6,9 26 2,2 3,37 382 32,4 614 52,0 107 9,1 17 1,4 3,31 409 34,7 611 51,8 69 5,8 0,6 3,42 450 38,1 582 49,3 78 6,6 14 1,2 3,39 523 44,3 500 42,4 80 6,8 15 1,3 3,46 652 55,3 367 31,1 82 6,9 12 1,0 3,58 542 45,9 418 35,4 88 7,5 0,6 3,58 576 48,8 409 34,7 90 7,6 0,8 3.56 3,43 TRirdia »«l H«C I U P H « H T P H B C H I l i N N Hi^nhVdnSm KNTLT vdi mdi trudng cdng vi§c vifc TTTN" vdi DTB Id 3,56, cd 48,8% d mtic khd vd 8,1% miic cao Vifc TTTN cua SV tr6n phuang di§n npi dung SV thich ling dupc vdi n0i dung ndy d miic TTTN vdi DTB chung Id 3,43 tuang iing khd Id m$t tin hifu khd quan vl dieu ndy vdi m ^ trung binh Cdn b$ qudn li vd giao vien hudng din cflng ddnh gid KNTU" vdi cho thiy sy chdm chi vd thi hifn mft phin mdi trudng cdng vifc TTTN cua SV y chf vifc hda nh$p nhanh vdo vi tri cdng vifc theo ySu clu tgi dan vj TTTN tren phuang di§n n0i dung TTTN d miic trung binh vdi 2,67 Trong 14 nOi dung chi Npi dung cu6i ciing cd DTB d mtic cd nOi dung cd DTB trfin 3,51 roi vdo khd Id "Ndm bit diy dii vl n0i dung l|lp kl miic khd, cy thi nhu sau: hogch thye t$p hogt d^ng TTTN" vdi DTB cao nhit tim dupc d n$i dung DTB Id 3,51 (48,3%) d miic khd, nhung "Rfin luy?n phim chit - dgo diic nghi cung can Itni y th6m Id cd 41,3% mtic nghidp qud trhih TTTN chii d