TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRI/aNG BAI HQC H 6 N G BtTC SO PAC BIET (5, 2017) BIEN PHAP NANG CAO MlTC DO THICH tTNG V 6 l HOAT DONG HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN DAN TQC THIEU SO T R i r d N G Bl^l HOC HONG DlTC Truon[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRI/aNG BAI HQC H N G BtTC - SO PAC BIET (5, 2017) BIEN PHAP NANG CAO MlTC D O THICH tTNG V l HOAT DONG HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN DAN T Q C THIEU SO T R i r d N G Bl^l HOC HONG DlTC Truong Thi Thfio' TOM TAT Sy ihich Ong v&l hoat dpng hoc Idp & dgi hgc cd vai Ird rdt quan trgng ddi vai sinh viin ddn tdc thiiu sd Viec nghien ciiu muc dp ihich img vd de xudt cdc bien phdp nhdm ndng cao mue dd thick ung v&i hogt ddng kge tap cua sink vien ddn tpc thieu so CO y nghia quan cd ve ly ludn vd thuc tiin, giup hp thick img nhank han vd ndng cao hieu qua hpc lap & truang dgi hgc Td khda: Biin phdp mirc dp thich irng hoat dgng hpc tdp, smh vien ddn ldc ihieu sd DATVANDE Thich img vdi hoat dpng hoc ldp (HDHT) co vai ttd rat quan ttgng ddi vdi sinh vien ddn tdc thigu sd (DTTS), giiip cic em dmh hudng, dieu khign, digu chinh mdl each tu giac, tich eye nhgn thdc, thii dg va hdnh vi cda bin than de dip ilng cac yeu cau cua viec hgc tgp, Trong mdi Irudng dai hoc, sinh vien DTTS lien hanh HDHT vdi cac phuang phip ty hge la chii yeu, digu dd ddi hdi edc em cd sy thay ddi tuong ddi Idn ttong phuang phdp ciing nhu thdi dg hoc lap Vice ehi bien phip ndng cao muc dd tiiich dng vdi HDHT giup sinh vien DTTS ttudng Dai hgc H6ng Due thich dng nhanh han vdi HDHT d tradng dgi hgc vi dgt ket qua hoc top cao han 2, N O I DUNG NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Mgt so khii niem co ban Hoal dong hgc lap cda sinh viin DTTS Id mgt hoal ddng nhan ihuc ca bdn dugc Ihyc hien dudi su hudng dan cua cdn bd gidng dgy, nham ITnh hgi, nim vdng he ihdng kiln thdc, kT ndng ve mdt logi nghi nio dd, Idm co sd cho boat dgng nghi nghiep tuong lai [3] Hoal ddng hpc tap cua sinh vien DTTS gdm cac hogl ddng hge lap ca ban nhu; Phan phdi vd sip xIp thdi gian hgc lap, Chuin hi nghe gidng, Linh hdi thdng lin bdi giing; Su dung giao trinh, Iai lieu tham khdo, Chudn bi vd iiln hdnh semina, On tgp ' Going vien khoa Tdm ly - Gido dife Tnr&ng Dai hpc Hdng Due TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRtTdNG BAl HQC H N G BLTC - S6 BAC BIET (5 2017) Muc dd thick ung v&i HDHT cua smh viin DTTS: Thich ung vdi HDHT la qui tiinh sinh vien tao nen nhihig bign ddi ttong ddi sdng tom ly eua minh trudc dilu kien hoc top mdl, Su bign ddi nham ddp img yeu cau ciia HDHT va hinh thdnh nen nhflng cdu too tdm ly mdi dam bdo cho sinh vien lign hinh HDHT cd kit qui [1], Su thich dng vdi HDHT cua sinh vien the hien su thay doi d ba mdt; nhdn ihirc, thdi va ki ndng ttong HDHT Su Ihay ddi giup sinh vign hinh thdnh nen nhflng ciu tnic tam ly mdi ttong HDHT, dap dng yeu cau ciia phuong thdc hgc tap d dgi hgc Muc dg thick irng v&i HDHT cua sinh viin DTTS la phgm vi biln ddi vl mdt nhdn tiiuc, thii vd kT ndng cua sinh vien ddp dng yeu cau ciia HDHT dam bao cho ho tiln hdnh HDHT cd hieu qud [I] Biin phdp ndng cao mice ihich ung v&i HDHT cua sinh vien DTTS: Bien phap la each lim, each gidi quyel mdl vdn de cy the [5] Bien phap ndng cao muc dg thich ling vdi HDHT cua sinh vien DTTS la qui trinh Ihigt kg, sdp xep, Id chdc thue hien cac thao tac cac hinh dpng hgc tgp de thyc hien mgt cich cd hieu qua muc dich, nhiem vy hgc top d dai hgc 2.2 Thyc trang mdc dg thich dng vdi hoat dgng hgc tap cua sinh vien dan tgc thilu so Trirdng Dai hgc Hong Dire Trudng Dai hgc Hdng Ddc cd quy mo dao tgo Id 12032 hpc sinh sinh vien Trong dd cd 8266 sinh vien chinh quy, 1478 sinli vign la em DTTS vdi 437 sinh vien ndm thd nhit vd 361 sinh vien ndm tiid hai, Chung tdi tiln hanh dieu tra ttgn 270 sinh vien DTTS Trudng Dgi hgc Hdng Due ndm thd nhit va nam thd hai, nam hgc 2015 - 2016, Qua nghien cdu cho ihiy, muc dg thfch dng vdi HDHT cua sinh vign DTTS Trudng Dai hgc Hdng Ddc d muc tmng binh [4], Ve nhdn thirc: Dilm trang binh (TB) mdc dg thich iing vdi HDHT ve mat nhan thuc la 27 dilm, Trong cic hdnh dgng hgctop,nhdn thdc cua smh vign DTTS d muc dg thip nhit la Chudn bi vd tiin kdnh semina (2 03 dilm), sau dd Id Sic dyng gido Irinh vd tdi lieu Iham khdo (2.17 dilm), Phdn phdi vd sdp xip th&i gian kpc Idp (2.19 diem) vi thai dd Dilm TB mdc dd thich ung vdi HDHT vl mgi thai dd Id 2.25 diem Trong do, Chudn bi vd tiin hdnh semina li hdnh ddng hgc lap md sinh vign DTTS cd mdc dp thich dng ttiip nhit (2.01 dilm), tilp theo la Su dyng gido Irinh vd tdi hiu Iham khdo (2.15 dilm), Phdn phdi vd sdp xip Ih&i gian hoe tgp (2.16 diem) vi ky ndng- Dilm TB muc dd thich ung vdi HDHT vl mat ky ndng Id 2.20 digm Vdi dilm TB cho thiy, ky ndng hgc top cda sinh vien d mdc chua thdnh thgo Trong cic hogl dgng hgc lap, sinh vign DTTS cd mdc dd thich dng thip nhal Id Chudn bi vd tiin hdnh semina (2 03 dilm), Nhu viy, sinh vien DTTS Tradng Dgi hgc Hdng Ddc cd mirc thich dng d muc trung binh vdi hogt ddng hpc tap Nhilu sinh vien chua bilt each hogc chua 135 _^ TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRUING B»l HQC H N G BC'C - SO BAC Bli;T (S, 2017) thinh thgo thyc hien cac hoat dpng hgc tgp d dgi hgc Day Id ca sd de tic gia de xuit mpl sl bien phap giiip smh vien DTTS cai Ihign mdc dd thich dng nham ndng cao ket qua ligc lap, 2.3 Bien phap nang cao mdc dg thich dng vdi hoat d§ng hoc tip cua sinh vien dan tgc thieu so Trudng Dai hgc Hdng Ddc 2.3.} Cdc bien phdp ndng cao miic dp thich iing vai hogt dgng hoc tap ciia smh vien ddn tgc thieu sd Tnr&ng Dgi hpc Hdng Due Thii nhat Tao moi tru&ng hoc tap cho smh viin Trong qua trinh giang dgy, giang vidn cd the lien hanh cic ky thual de tao moi ttuong linh thin hgc tap cho sinh vien DTTS: Thdng bao cho sinh vien kl hoach ctia bai hgc chuang hgc, tiel hgc; Thigl lap cac dinh hudng bai hgc, chuong hgc, tiel hgc; Thong bio de cuang bdi hpc mdt each rd rang vd cdch thdc tiSn hanh bdi hgc, chuang hgc, lilt hgc; nhung ndi dung se dugc de cap, nhdng bien phdp can Hen hdnh, cdc quy tac ca bin can phai man theo; Su dung phuang phdp "Phd v& tdng bdng" hodc "Ldm ndng" bdng cich cung cap nhflng thong tin ve smh vien, nhdng ihdng lm mdi nhat ve giio due, nhdmtoora sy gin gfli gifla sinh vien vdi sinh vien, gida sinh vien vdi giang vien Thii hai Hu&ng ddn smh viin lap ke hoach ly hoc Ci Iradng dgi hpc, boat ddng hpc tdp ciia smh vien chu yeu la ty hpc dudi sy hudng dan eua giing vien, Vigc xay dyng duac ke hoach ty hge cd nhdn vd thyc hien mpt each nghiem luc giup sinh vien hoan thdnh tdt cdc nhiem vu hgc tap va thich ilng nhanh hon vdi HDHT d tradng dgi hgc, De thuc hign dugc bien phip giang vien can giup sinh vien thuc hien cic cdng viae cy the sau: Xac dinh muc lieu tu hgc; Xdc dinh ndi dung tu hgc; Xac dinh thu ty cic cdng viec cin lam; Phan phdi sap xep thai gian cho timg cdng vigc mdt cdch hop ly phil hgp vdi digu kign phuang lien vat chat hien cd cua nha trudng, Tu dieu chinh ke hoach cd nhiing nhiem vy hgc mdi, Kiem tta ddnh gii ciia gidng vien bg mdn cdc ke hogch dd xay dyng Thu ba, Bdi du&ng ky ndng doc sdch cho smh vien Dgc sdch cd mdt vai tro rat quan trgng ttong vigc nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng tti hoc cua sinh vign Dgc sach dugc coi nhu li mpt bd phgn cda qui trinh hge tap, nd ludn gan lien vdi hogt ddng dgy hoc cua giang vien Kharlamov dd chi vai ttd cua sdch giao khoa va tai ligu tham khio Sdch giio khoa va tii Iigu hoc tap phdi ttd thdnh mdt ttong nhflng ngudn chu yeu cung cip kien Ihdc va phuang Hen quan cda viee id chuc cong tie ty Igp cua sinh vign ttong gid hpc [7] Cdc thao tic doe sach gdm- Thao lie lim tai hgu; Thao tac tra cdu thu myc (trong thu vien), tra cim phin phu iyc, Thao tic chon tii hgu de dgc 136 TAP CHi KHOA HQC, IRl/dNG DAI HQC H A N G DtlC - S DAC BIET (5, 2017) Td chirc qud trinh dgc sack gdm cdc ikao tdc nku sau Chuan bi: Chd ngdi vdi diy dii cdc phuang lien nhu bin, ghi, anh sang, giiy but, biet chon thdi gian dgc phii hgp Tign trinh dgc gdm cac budc sau: Budc I - Dpc nhanh muc luc dl tim npi dung cin doe, Budc 2; Dgc frgn ven mgi vdn dl can Ihilt Budc 3- Vda dgc vda ddnh dau, ghi chep nhung vin dl cin thill Nhflng viec can lam dgc gido trinh gdm: Phii hilu y nghTa cdc hi vill ttong giio trinh; Phai nhd nhiing y vd xem cd phu hgp hay khdng; Phai ddnh gia nhdn xel nhtmg gi dd dgc dugc Thao toe ghi chep de luu gifl thdng tin gdm Ghi ten tai lieu, tentoegia, nhd xuit ban, nam xuit bin Lap dan y, de cuang Iheo logic cua van dl, sinh vien cd ihl vill Ihgm vao ddn y nhflng nhdn dinh va ldi chu giii eua minh Ghi cac dogn tiich dan, sl ttang, doan, ddng, Ghi ldmtotndi dung: ghi theo y hilu ciia minh vd diln dat bdng ldi vdn cua minh hoac cd the tdm tdt dudi dang so dd Thir tu, Td chirc cho sink vien chudn bi vd tiin hdnh semina Td chdc cho sinh vign chuin bj va tign hdnh semina dugc ldc gid phan tich cy Ihl ttong phin thyc nghiem lie dgng su phgm, 2.3.2 Thuc nghiim tdc dpng suphgm 2.3.2.1 To ch&c Ihuc nghiem tac dpng sir phgm Mue dich tkuc nghiem Ket qua nghien cim ly luan va thuc tien mitc thich ilng vdi HDHT cua sinh vign DTTS Trudng Dai hgc Hong Ddc [4] giiip chiing Idi cd ca sd dg tign hanh thuc nghiem (TN) tdc ddng su pham Muc dich TN Id dinh gid higu qud ciia bien phap tac ddng su pham ttong viec cii thicn mdc dd Ihich iing vdi HDHT ciia sinh vign DTTS Tradng Dgi hgc Hdng Ddc bdng viec so sdnh su khdc biel muc thich dng vdi HDHT gida sinh vien DTTS nhdm TN va nhdm doi clidng (DC), trade va sau TN Thuc nghiem tic ddng su pham dugc chung Idi liln hanh d vigc day va hgc mdn Tdm ly hgc Tllu hgc Chung tdi hudng ddn vd td chuc cho sinh vien DTTS thuc hanh cdng viec hgc tap cd mdc thich ung thap nhil Id chuan bi vd tign hanh semina, gop phan ndng cao mdc dd thich dng vdi HDHT cua mon hpc dd Cdch Ihuc hien thyc Trong qua ttinh t l chuc TN tac ddng su pham, chiing ldi chuan hi cho smh vien DTTS nim viing nhirng kiln thdc ca bin vd ky ndng thyc hign viec chuin bi va lien hanh semina, chuin bi day dii co sd vdt chit bao dam tten hdnh chat che cic budc cua qui trinh TN 137 ^ _ TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRtlffflG PAl HQC H N G BC'C - S6 BAC BIET (5 2017) Chung tdi lien hinh TN tten nhdm khach thi Id 21 smh vign DTTS (ldp K18A, KI8B - Gido due Tilu hgc), Nhdm DC to 22 sinh vien DTTS (ldp K18 - Su pham Ngu Vdn - Dja ly) Chit lugng ciia sinh vien DTTS nhdm TN va nhdm DC tuang dong vg tuoi ddi, hgc lye, mdi tradng dio too Ddy la so lugng sinh vien DTTS cd mdc dd ihich ilng thap nhdt ttong tdng sd sinh vien DTTS dugc nghign cdu Td chuc TN Idc dgng supham dtrgc lien hdnh iheo ba bu&c: Bu&c - Chudn bl thyc nghiem Chung tdi lien hg xin y kien Phdng Ddo tgo, Ban chu nhiem khoa Gido dye Tigu hgc, khoa Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhan vdn, Trudng Bd mdn Tam ly hgc dg tiln hanh nghien cihi TN, ddng thdi chudn bi ndi dung TN vd phuong phap TN Bir&c 2: Tien hdnk thyc nghiem Khdo sdt trade TN d cd nhdm TN vd niidm DC Ket qua khio sat Id ea sd de so sdnh vdi kgt qud sau TN tdc ddng su phgm Tiln hanh TN tac ddng su phgm bang cdch: hudng din va td chdc cho smh vien DTTS thyc hanh chuan bi va Hgn hdnh semina dg tdc dgng vao nhan ihdc, Ihdi dd va ky ndng hgc lap cua nhom TN nham thu thdp thdng tin lim cdn cu danh gid sy thay dli vl muc thich dng vdi HDHT cua nhdm TN To chdc hudng din sinh vien DTTS each chuan bi vi tien hanh semina de ho cd till: Biel cich nghign cdu cictoilieu co lien quan den chu de semina, Bigl cdch xie dinh cau tnic dg cuang bai semma, Biet cdch trinh biy cac thdng tin ciia bai semina tiieo cdu tnic da xac djnh Biet chuin bi cdc y kien dl ttao ddi vi tranh luan trudc lap thi Bigl phat hien nhiing mdu thuan mdi phdt smh va dg xuil cdch giii quylt rieng ttong qua ttinh semina Ngi dung semina QUYLUATCUA CAM GIAC VA TRI GIAC Cdc qui ludt cua cdm gide Quy ludt ngu&ng cdm gidc Qui ludt thick img ciia cdm gidc Qui ludt tdc dgng qua lgi ldn cua cdc cam gidc Cdc qui ludt cua tri gidc (thuoc tinh ca bdn) Tinh doi tuang cua tri gidc Tinh lua chgn cda tn gidc Tinh y nghia cua In gide Tinh dn dinh eiia tri gidc Tdng gide Ao gidc 138 TAP CHl KHOA HQC, T R H N G BAl HQC HQNG PLTC - SO DAC BIET (5, 2017| Khdo sat san TNtoedgng su pham d ca nhdm TN va nhdm DC Kit qua khao sdt Id CO sd de so sdnh sy thay ddi mdc dg thich dng vdi HDHT cua sinh vign DTTS sau vd trudc TN, Theo doi qui ttinh hgc lap cua sinh vign DTTS ttong gid Ign ldp vi ngodi gid Ign ldp nhim thu thdp them thdng tin de bd sung cho kit qui TN Bu&c 3: Xir ly vd ddnh gid kit qud thue nghiem Tien hdnh phdn tich ket qud TN, chung tdi dua vao phuong phdp thing ke todn hgc vi phdn lich, ldng hgp, khdi qudt ket qui ihu duge de nil nhflng nhgn xet vl thyc Irang mdc dp thich img vdi HDHT cua sutii vien DTTS, danh gid linh khieh quan, khoa hgc, chinh xac cua bien phap lac ddng su phgm, Chung ldi su dyng kilm dinh T Test de danh gid ket qud thyc nghiem 2.3.2.2 Kit qud thuc nghiim tdc dpng su phgm Kil qud bdng I cho thdy Ct lan thd nhdt, trudc tign hdnh bien phdp tdc ddng su pham, mdc dd tiiich irng vdi chiton bi vd tign hanh semina cua sinh vien DTTS giua nhom TN vd nhdm DC la tuang duang nhau, Xet cac mat: nhin thdc, thdi dd va ky ndng tiii sy khic vg muc dg thich dng vdi chudn bi va tign hdnh semina giua nhdm TN va nhdm DC la sy khac khdng cd y nghTa, Bdng Mdc d$ thich dng vdi chuan bi va tien hanh semina cua sinh vien ddn toe thieu so Trudng Dai hgc Hong Due (1