ISSN 1859 4611 Tap chi s6 19 U,ang 8 2016 midng Dai hoc Tax Nguyen VE M O T S O mj&SG NGHIEN'''' C tn i ) K H O A H O C G U O D U C T R O N G GIAI B O \ N HIEN , \AY Ngo Dinh Quoc '''' Ngay nhan bai 20/7/20[.]
Tap chi s6 19 U,ang 8-2016 midng Dai hoc Tax Nguyen V E M O T S O mj&SG ISSN 1859-4611 NGHIEN' C t n i ) K H O A H O C G U O D U C TRONG GIAI B O \ N HIEN ,\AY Ngo Dinh Q u o c ' Ngay nhan bai: 20/7/2016: Ngaj phan bien thdng qua OI/S/2016; Nga.v duyet dang; 15/8/2016 TO.M T A T Nam 1994 sau phan tich dijm sd cua 100.000 hpc sinh d IOO tnidng hpe William Sanders cuno dong nghiep da dua ket luan rang; ea nhan ngudi giao v,™ dimg Ipp U,a,n ehi cdn cd anh h u d n l d i do, vm ke, qua hpc ,ap cOa hpc sinh hm, ea mong dpi Ngu y r i , ro ri,ng va eip , h i j , eua k j , luaiMiav la de nang eao chat lupng giao due thi viec nghien cuu d j nang eao c h i , lum,g gidng day cOa giao viei (lm,g I , ^ la uu „en hang diiu ma khdng phai la eac yju Id khae Trudc thuc trang nav sinh vin d j la can pha, „en hanh ngh.en euu khoa hoc g,ao due Bao cao na, nhim phan hch , i ; h cip ,'hi j , phai diy mpt de tai KHGD va de xual mpt sp hudng ngh.iin cira vi KHGD Ihd, gian tdi Tir khia: Nghen cia, khog hoc g,io due nghien cini di iii KHGD humig nghien cia, vi KHGD MO BAU Chung ta nhirng nha giao due hpc dang d mpt thdi diem dac biet; khong chi d nhimg nam diu cua d,ap ky dau mp, the ky mdi ma mp, ,hien men ky mdi dang b i , diu Til nhien, diju mang den ci, nhimg co hp, va thach lhi,c phuc ,a'p Tha, vay -nghe ihua," day hpc da ffd ,hanh •'khoa hoc" day hoc dd chinh la mol thav ddi cd tinh ban le Chimg ,a cd ,he ngac nhien ring each day hpn 30 nam viec day hpc cdn chua dupc nghien cuu mp, each he ,hdng va khoa hpc Diju khdng CO nghia la nhimg phumig phap day hpc hieu qui vang bdng irude nhirng nam 70 cua ,hj ky ,nrac Trong ,huc ,e cac nha gjao due hpc da ap dune mp, each hieu qui cac yeu ciu cUa he ,hdng Socra", nhu ia mp, phuang phap da> hpc ,rong vdng 2500 nam qua sach "su mat binh dang"- Danh gia v j anh hudng cua gia dinh va nha inrdng a My nam 1972 Jencks Viet; Phin lii, nhimg yiu li ,gc ding din sukhic b,e, ,ro„g kel qud hoc ,ip cug hoc mh la nhTug d,eu mi nha ,ruing khong Ihi hin, wi, d,rgc Neu nhu vay thi su cd ging eii each giao due va ddi mdi nha tmdng dj lam g i ' Tuy nhien, Iha, may la chOng ,a cd d, j phi, hien mp, vai sai lam nghiem Irpng Irong cie k j , luin niy va lai ed ,he xem xel nhung anh hudng cua nha trudng \ i cua giio vien dji vdi hpc sinh bing cai nhin lac quan hpn Thu nhi,, dd la li, ky ,hui, m i Coleman v i Jencks sir dung ,ap ,rung vio ,i le phin iram Irong su khac biet giSa cic dijin sd Thi, hai li ngudi ta thiy c i nhin giio vicn cd inh hudng quan irpng dJn hoc sinh, kj c i nhi trudng khdng lim dupc diju dd Thuc lj la sau kiem nghiem lai hang iram nghien cdu duoc ,huc hien vio Ihip nien 70 cac nhi nghien cuu Jere Brophy vi Thomas Good (1986) da dua nhan x e l ; -.V,™ i„, ve v,ec giio vien khong ,ao nen sir khic bli, nheu irong kit qui hoc tip cug hoc sinh da bi bac ho" Ngu y rit rd ring va cip thiel cua kel luin n i ) li de ning cao chil lupng giio due thi vice nghien cuu dj nang cao chi, luang giing daj cUa giio vien dimg Idp li uu ,icn hang diu, ma khong phii li cic yeu ,6 khac Trudc [hue Irang dd na> smh \ i n dc li cin phai uin hinh nghien ciru khoa hoc giio due NOI DUNG V.A PHircCVG P H A P NGHIEN Tuy va>; vao dau nhirng na,n 70 cua ,hj ky irupc cac nha nghicn cuu b i , diu xem lai hieu qua viec giang day dd, vdi viec hoc cUa hoc smh Kjl qua ia ngudi ta tin ring nha ,rudng lao nen mdi su khac bicl rat nho ddi vol kjl qui hpc tap ciia hoc sinh Dd li mol kjl luan ciia mol cdng trinh noi neng cd ,en "Binh dang ,rons co hdi siao due" xui, bin nam 1966 Bao cao na> la cOa James Coleman Sau phan ,ich 600.000 hpc s,nh \ a 60 000 giao vien a 000 uudng Coleman va cac dong nghiep dua dcn md, k j , luan li ; Nhi ,rui„g ch, chi,,, 10% g„h hiroug ,ro„g ki, qug hoc ,ip cua hoc s„,h The mp, cau ho, logic duac da, liCai gi anh hudng djn 90% kia^' 2.1 Mpi phil hicn luong lu cung duac nahien cdu a Hanard Chrisiopher Jencks dua irong cudn - Phan rich ,inh cip , h , j , phi, div manh nghicn cuu khoa hpc giio due (KHGD) Cic vcu ciu Spidung / re lihoa kHT\ii,:s „-,„„,j, Ba, hoc Td,- ,\-^,„,i„ racg,ohi-„he \soD,„l,0,„-,c DT II9U0092JS E,„a,l q„„cJlm, i,g,„a,l c Tap chi so 19 thang 8-2016, truang Bai hpc Tay Nguyen hinh thuc to chirc tien hanh nghien cuu mot de tai KHGD - De xuat mot so huong nghien cuu ve KHGD 2.2 Phuangplidp nghien cuu Chiing toi tien hanh nghien cihi bang cac phuang phap chii yeu: - Phuang phap khao sat tai lieu, van ban; - Phuang phap phan tich; - Phuang phap so sanh, va cac phucmg phap nghien ciru ciia khoa hoc giao due KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Tinh cap thief phdi nghien ciru khoa hpc gido due Cugc each mang xa hoi tren the gioi dang bi^n dpng va phat trien khong ngijng The gioi darig chuyen dan sang mgt ky nguyen mai vai nhung xuthe CCT ban la - Xu the dan chii, nhan quyen, - Xu the hoa binh, hpi nhap, - Xu the hgp tac giira cac niroc de giai quyet cac van de moi truong, benh tat, ngheo nan, lac hau va cac te nan xa hgi - Nhung nghich ly bien doi dan cu va xu the di tim kiem viec lam ciia nguai dan a cac nuoc ngheo Tat ca nhung van de tren phai dugc giai quyet bat dau tir giao due Tir viec dinh huang diing diin cac van de dang dugc dat va viec phat huy vai tro nang dgng, sang tao cho hgc smh, nguoi phai duoc dat vao vi tri trung tam ciia cac van de thoi dai Nha truong phai trang bi cho hpc sinh sinh vien nhirng tri thuc ca ban, hien dai, phii hop voi thuc tien Viet Nam Cach mang xa hoi doi hoi giao due va dao tao khong ngiing doi moi muc tieu, noi dung, phuong thirc dao tao Can phai dao tao the he tre nhung ngucri co nang lire va pham chat phat trien o mirc cao, co dao dirc sang, co sue khoe va co kha nang lao dpng voi nang suat cao, co tinh tich cue hoat dgng chinh tn - xa hoi De lam dugc dieu mot each hieu qua thi nhat thiet phai dau tir nghien cuu KHGD Chien luge giao due 2001 - 2010 da khai quat thuc trang giao due Viet Nam voi nhieu tuu nhung Cling rat nhieu han che ma noi bat la cac han che sau: - Chat lupng giao due yeu, mat can doi ve CCT cau, hieu qua giao due chua cao; giao due chua gan chat voi thirc tien; dao tao chua gan vai sir dung, dpi ngii giao vien yen; ca sa vat chat thiSu; chuong trinh, giao trinh phuong phap giao due, cong tac quan ly cham doi mai; mot so ISSN 1859-46U It hien tupng tieu circ, thieu ky cuong cham duoc khac phuc, - Chat lupng giao due noi chung Ihap Mgt mat chua tiep can dugc voi trinh dp tien lien khu virc va tren the gioi, mat khac chua dap ung vai cac nganh nghe xa hgi Hgc sinh, sinh vien tot nghiep han che ve nang lire tu sang tao, ky nang thirc hanh, kha nang thich irng voi nghe nghiep; ky luat lao dgng; tinh than hpp tac va canh tranh lanh manh chua cao Kha nang lap nghiep han che Tir nhiing nguyen nhan tren dan den phai day manh nghien cim KHGD de nang cao hieu qua dao tao, khac phuc cac han che tren 3.2 Yeu cau, hinh thuc td chirc tien hanh mpt di tdi nghien euu KHGD Mac du CO rat nhieu nghien ciru ve khoa hpc giao due da va dang thuc hien o nhieu truong dai hgc, cac trung tam va cac vien nghien ciru, cac truong thong, nhung mpt so khong it cac chuyen gia nghien ciiu nganh va ngoai nganh danh gia khong cao lam ve cac cong trinh Mpt so ngiroi cho rang cac nghien ciru ve khoa hpc giao due khong dat den dp chinh xac hoac thuyet phuc nhu nhirng nghien ciru cac nganh "khoa hpc Cling" vi du nhu vat ly, toan hgc De khang dinh tinh chinh xac va tinh cay frong nghien cuu khoa hgc giao due, nhat thiet phai liru >• toi each to chirc nghien ciru va phirong phap nghien cihi Muon nghien cuu mgt d6 tai KHGD trirac hk phai nung nau va lua chon van 66 nghien ciiu mpt each ky cang (gpi la lira chgn ten dS tai), dS tai phai mang gia thiet khoa hpc can khang dinh sau nghien ciiru xong Sau moi vach ke hogch nghien ciiu De co ke hoach nghien ciiu phii hpp thi chil nhiem de tai phai suy nghi ky ve ti'nh kha thi cua ke hoach, lya chpn phuang phap Khi da len ke hoach nghien ciru, buac quan trpng dau tien la phai thu thap tim toi cac cii lieu khoa hgc, cac can cir ve ly luan, cac minh chiing ve thuc tien sau moi khai quat len nhirng van de ly luan Buoc quyet dinh mang tinh khoa hpc la nghien ciiu ly thuydt tren co so cua kien thiic tam ly hpc va giao due hpc de nit cac luan cir khoa hoc, Cu6i cimg nhit thiet phai kiem nghiem thirc tiln va xii ly th6ng ke {niu dk Iai thuc nghi?m) Cac can cu* ly luan phai dua vao triet ly ciia giao due ma theo toi la phong cdch ciia dao Idm thdy ma bit ngu6n chu nghTa Ho Chf Minh ve giao due, la tu tucmg nhdn di dSng cam sdng tao vd hoinhdp 3.3 Mpt so hudng nghien cu-u khoa hpc gido due giai doan hiin Tap chi so 19, thang 8-2016, truong Dai hgc Tay Nguyen Nhu chiing la da biet ban chat ciia quan diem "Hgc sinh la trung tam cua he thong giao due" ve phuong dien vT mo la phai thoa man yeu cau sau: i) San pham he thong giao due quoc dan va nha truong dao tao phai dap img day dii kip thai cac yeu cau ciia nen kinh te xa hoi ii) Chil y day dii lgi ich cua hgc sinh tire la phai quan tam den dac diem sinh ly, tam ly, va cac dieu kien kinh te xa hgi ciia hoc sinh, phai liun cho hpc sinh duoc phat trien tir co dugc niem vui va hanh phiic hgc tap Ve phuang dien vi mo (Tire la pham vi qua trinh day hpc) ban chat ciia quan diem day hpc lay hpc sinh lam trung tam la Ihuc hien nhiem vu sau: )Viec day hoc phai xuat phat tir nguai hgc, tir dau vao 2) Phai de hpc sinh hoat dpng ca ve the chat va tinh than chu khong the de cho hgc sinh bi dgng tiep Ihu 3) Phai chu y den cau tnic tu ciia timg hpc sinh, phai ca the hoa viec day hoc 4) Phai dgng vien khuyen khich va tao diku kien de hgc sinh Ihucmg xuyen tu kidm tra tu danh gia qua trinh hpc tap cua minh, de khong ngimg cai tien phuang phap hpc tap Theo su phan tich tren day thi nghien ciru KHGD Irong thai gian toi nen tap trung vao mpt so huong nhu !ai Ban chat va each Ihuc hien day hoc lly hgc sinh lam Irung tam thong qua mon hgc ma minh phu trach o truong A hoac dia phuong B ISSN 1859-461 dinh nao 11 Nghien ciiu tim phuong phap day hgc dat hieu qua cao hon doi vai mpt so nhom hoc sinh co hoan canh gia dinh khac 12 Nghien cim tim phuong phap day hpc dat hieu qua cao hon doi vai nhimg hoe sinh co tu chat hoac nang khieu khac 13 Hieu qua su pham phu tliuoc cac yeu to nao Phuong phap giang day, ky nang quan ly lop hgc thiet ke chuong trinh giang day Do la nhung huong nghien cuu moi, tra loi dugc cac cau hoi se giup cho viec day hge tir mpt "nghe thudt"" tro mot ""khoa hoc" Nhung cho den dat dugc dieu ay, chiing ta phai Ihan trpng vcri nhirng gi minh biSl Thuc vay, su dung mpt phuong phap day hgc chua duac kiem nghiem co the tao nhirng hieu qua tieu cue khong nen c6 Mgt so phuong phap day hpc tich cue da dugc vien nghien cuu chuan khoa hoc giao due Quoc gia (1996) de xuit la - Phuang phap coi hpc sinh la trung tam - Phucmg phap day ky nang tu phan bien - Phuong phap day hpc sinh tien hanh nhCrng hoai dong thyc hanh phong Ihi nghiem Mpt so phucmg phap day hoc hieu qua ma Bp Giao due va Dao tao gioi thieu la1 Nhan r a s y giong va khac nhau, Tom tai va ghi y chmh Phuong phap khich le hpc tap va cong nhan nhirng co gang Bai tap ve nha va thuc hanh Cac each the hien phi ngon ngir Thuc trang viec ung dung cac phuong phap day hoc tich cue hien o cac truang ph6 thong cita bo mon minh day Hgc theo nhom Cac ky nang can thiet cho sinh vien su pham nganh loan Tao va kiem dinh cac gia thuyet Phuang phap day hpc tich hop ihong qua viec giang day mot so bai lop 6, 9, 10 11 12 Phuong phap day hpc giup hoc sinh thil lu hpc, Thuc trang doi moi phuang phap day hgc hicn a truong A nao Phuang phap day hoc sir dung giao an dien tir Nghien ciiu tim phuang phap day hpc dat hicu qua cao hem doi vol mgt so mon hpc nhll dinh nao do, 10 Nghien ciru lim phuong phap day hpc dat hieu qua cao hon doi voi mot cip, 16p hoc nhll Lap muc ticu va dua ihong lin phan h6i GCTI y, cau hoi va khung thong tin eho truoc Tir nhihig phuong phap day hpc hieu qua vira neu chiing ta co the nghien ciru lao mgl giao an ciia timg mon hpc cu the cho cac cip hpc nhu nhung gi lien quan den ba qua trinh sau -t- Cldi thieu ve bdi hoc, bao gdm cac phuong phap xac dmh myc lieu cho hgc sinh - Qua trinh giang bdi, bao g6m cac phuong phap de - Theo doi qua trinh lien den muc tieu cua bai hgc - Gioi thieu nhirng kien thiic mai, - Thuc hanh, on lai va iing dung ki^n thirc - Kel thuc bdi hoc dua cac phuong phap Tap chl so 19, thang 8-2016, trutmg Dai hoc Tay Nguyen i-f.-ci'i 11 Bess ^(fii J* ISSN 1859-4611 giup hgc smh xac dinh xem cac em da dat dan muc tieu nhu the nao KET LUAN Cac nha nghien ciiu giao due da nhan thiy rang, lap trung vao phuong phap coi hpc'sinh la trung tam se giatang su khac biet giira k^t qua hoe tap ciia hgc sinh nam va hoc sinh nu; phuan- phap day hoc tu phan bien se lain tanc su each biet k£t qua hoc tap giira nhom hoc sinh Ihilu s6 va da s6; giua hoc sinh eo dia vi kinh tk - xa hoi cao voi hoc sinh co dia vi kinh 'tk - xa hpi thip Mae dil vay, cac nhom nghien ciru KHGD lau khong kho khan viec riit mgt Ut lu^n tir ngWien cim cua Van Seeker va Lissitz la no chiing mmh nhu cdu cdn thiit phai nghien ciru tinh hifu ''""' ^''" "'^' Pf'"-