Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, SUf DUNG suf DUNG HINH AHH OAY HOC P H I H CHAN HUlil TROHG CHirOHG TRlNH C(lNG NGHE i PHO THONG I ThS Nguyen Duan ThS Dinh Van Dung Tritdng Dai hgc Supham, Dai Hgc Hue Vai tro cGa[.]
Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, SUf DUNG suf DUNG HINH AHH OAY HOC P H I H CHAN HUlil TROHG CHirOHG TRlNH C(lNG NGHE i PHO THONG I ThS Nguyen Duan ThS Dinh V a n Dung Tritdng Dai hgc Supham, Dai Hgc Hue Vai tro cGa hinh I n h Hinh I n h la mdt nhOng thiet bj dgy hpc quan trpng ddi vdi cac mdn Cdng nghe ndi chung va kien thOc chan nudi (CN), ndi heng Nd khdng chi eung cap tri thOe ma cdn gdp phan ddi mdi phOPng phap day hpe, giOp HS to chiem ITnh th thOc mdt each nhanh chdng va to giac Hinh I n h eung la phOPng tien de td chOc hogt ddng dgy gdp p h I n mang lgi niem hOng thO hpc tap, giao dye tinh tham mTcho HS Ndi dung CN.trong chOdng trinh edng nghe d phd thdng rat gan gui vdi thOc tien ddi sdng san xuat Ndi dung phan chu yeu de cap den mdt sd kien thOc ed sd, nguyen ly kT thugt va cae bien phap kT thuat ve CN nhO: Chpn tgo va s i n xuat gidng vat nudi (VN), s i n xuat thOc an cho VN, tao mdi trOdng sdng cho VN, phdng, trj benh cho VN Cac ndi dung rat thuan ldi va cd tiem nSng de sO dyng hinh I n h de td chOc HS ITnh hdi tri thOc Hinh anh sO dyng day hpe CN, d phd thdng ed eac chOe nang ehiJ yeu: - Cung cap kien thOe cP ban; - Minh hog, bd sung cho npi dung cd ban cua bai hpc; - Cung cd, md rdng va nang cao kien thOc eho HS; - Kiem tra, danh gia ket q u i hpe tap cua HS Tuy theo myc tieu, ndi dung dgy hpc va hinh I n h hien cd ma giao vien ( GV) sO dyng chung de khai thae chOe nang cua chOng theo hodng hpp dat hieu q u i dgy hpc cao nhat Sii di^ng hinh I n h de t d chufc cac hogt dpng dgy hpc CN b thong De tien hanh mdt hogt ddng dgy hpc CN cd sO dyng hinh anh, GV e l n tien hanh theo cac budc sau: Giai dogn 1: Xac djnh mgc tieu va logi hinh I n h can si^ dyng: Budc 1: Xae djnh myc tieu: Can cO vao ndi dung day hpe chUPng trinh da quy dinh de xac djnh cac myc tieu cu the eho tOng ndi dung day hpc: kien thOc, kTnang va thai dp Bode 2: Xac djnh loai hinh I n h e l n sO dyng: Luc tranh I n h cd chOc nang nhO la mdt phOPng tien de GV td chOc hoat ddng nhan thOc cua HS Tuy theo ndi dung de GV chpn lOa loai tranh anh thich hpp Giai dogn 2: To chufc hogt dpng Budc dgng 1: Dinh hddng hoat N h l m giup HS xae djnh '^s«'i^^^#^(«^''»iter'-s^iStf^ tjpft-iB dope yeu c l u , nhiem vu va ke hogch hoat ddng (thdi gian, hinh thOe td chOc hoat ddng ) cua b i n than BUdc ddi hdi HS p h i i chuyen tO yeu eau eua GV yeu eau cua b i n than trUdc thOc hien hoat ddng De djnh hOdng, GV cd the dOa cac cau hdi, bai tap tlnh hudng va yeu cau HS thOc hien dOa tren eac hinh I n h ma GV cung cap hoac cd d SGK hoac d ngudn khac ma HS d l tim kiem Budc 2: Hgc sinh tU lUc lam vigc vdi hinh anh Day la budc trpng tam qua trinh nhan thOc cua HS MOc dp nhan thOc phu thude vao kha nang lam viee doc lap, to lOc cua HS Tuy theo dp khd cua ndi dung hpc tap hay dae diem cua hinh anh ma HS lam viec dde lap hay lam viec theo nhdm nhd Neu td chOc theo nhdm GV phai giam sat chat che qua trinh lam viee eua HS de d i m bao tat ca deu hoat ddng theo djnh hodng da xac djnh Budc 3: Hgc sinh thao luan - GV ehpn hay gpi n g l u nhien mdt sd HS hoac dgi dien nhdm len bao cao ke't qua - Ke't qua bao cao ed the xuat hien nhOng van de gay nhieu tranh eai hay eac y kien trai ngupc quan niem Sd 48 thang 08 nam 2009 33 HUdNG DAN QUAN LY, SCT DUNG cua HS khae LOe GV vdi vai trd la ngOdi trpng tai, khdng nen vdi khang djnh y kien nao sai hoac dOng ma gdi y eho eac em phan tich nhOng y kien chOa thd'ng nhat tren nhOng quan diem khae Yeu e l u HS quan sat lai hinh anh de kiem tra, xac nhan lai cae thdng tin cdn nhieu tranh eai BUdc 4: Giao vien dieu chfnh va chfnh xac hoa kien thdc - GV ket luan nhOng y kien da dOng dan dope tap the ldp chap nhan - GV sO dyng nhOng lap luan de giai thich, lam rd cho HS nhOng van de edn tranh cai va dOa eau t r i Idi sau dd Hoac GV dung nhOng ndi dung tranh luan dd de kieh thich HS tim tdi ndi dung hpc tap tiep theo LOc hinh anh dope xem nhU la mpt bien phap de tao tlnh hudng hpe tap cho HS IVIpt s d v i du minh hpa Vl du 1: SO dung cac hinh 1.1., hinh 1.2, day hpe ndi dung "Mgt sd yeu cau kT thuat cua chuong trai CN' (Bai 34 Tao mol trddng sdng cho VN va TS, Cdng nghe 10) Giai dogn 1: Xac djnh m y c tieu va logi hinh I n h can sii dyng Budc 1: Xac dinh muc tieu: HS hieu dupe cac tieu chuan cd ban cua chudng trai CN Ren luyen kT nang quan sat, phan tich va so sanh cho HS thdng qua lam viec vdi hinh I n h - Cd y thOc xay dOng chudng trai CN dat tieu chuan va van dyng nhOng hieu biet ve kT thuat CN vao san xuat CN d dia phOdng 34 BUdc 2: Xac dinh loai hinh anh can sd dung: BUdc 2: Hgc sinh ttf Idc lam viec vdi hinh anh Day la ndi dung thodng gap ddi sdng s i n xuat d dja phOPng Ben egnh cac chudng trgi CN cdng nghiep hien dgi d i m b i o cac tieu chuan thi mdt sd vung ndng thdn v i n cdn tdn tai nhOng chudng trgi CN ddn sd, khdng dgt cac tieu chuan cua chudng nudi nhU npi dung cae em se hpe Vi vay can phai chpn dupe nhOng hinh I n h ve cae loai chudng trgi CN theo y dd: chudng trgi CN hien dai, dat tieu chuan va chudng trai CN lgc hau, khdng dgt tieu chuan Qua dd HS d l dang so sanh Uu diem va nhupc diem eua eac Ipai chudng trai C N TO dd HS se dinh hodng tim hieu cac yeu eau ve kT thuat cua chudng trgi CN de chudng trgi CN dgt tieu chuan Vdi y dd dd, GV ehpn cae hinh 1, hinh de dgy ndi dung "Mgt sd yeu cau kT thuat cua chuong trai chan nuoi' Day la npi dung hpc tap gan gOi vdi ddi sdng hang eua HS, nhat la hpc sinh cac vung ndng thdn cd chan nudi, nen GV e l n phat huy kien thOc kinh nghiem cija HS de ITnh hdi kien thOe mdi ve kT thuat chudng trgi C N Vdi eac I n h HS de dang nhan chudng trgi CN nao dgt tieu chuan hdn nhOng khd g i l l thich dope mdt each day du ve cac tieu chuan cua chudng trai CN Vi vay td chOe HS thao luan theo nhdm nhd tO 2-4 HS de t r i Idi cac eau hdi djnh hudng neu tren BUdc 3: Hgc sinh thao luan GV gpi dgi dien mdt sd nhdm (tuy thdi gian) bao cao ke't qua TO ket q u i dd Idp thao luan de tim cau t r i Idi Trong qua trinh nay, GV cd the gpi y Giai dogn 2: To chOc hogt dpng BUdc 1: Djnh hddng hoat dgng: TrUdc vao dgy muc "7 Mgt sd yeu ciu kT thuat cua chuong trai CN " GV neu cac eau hdi trudc HS quan sat Inh: t^^ hinh 1.1 1) Hay trinh bay nhOng Uu diem va nhupc diem cua cae chudng nudi dupe chup d cac I n h tren 2) Theo em chudng traiCN nao dupe chup eac hinh tren la dat tieu chuan? Tgi sao? Sd 48 thang 08 nSm 2009 hinh 1.2 ^f'- ^^^0i'tm^ Hl/dNG DAN Q U A N LY, de cac em thao lugn, nhU: yeu e l u ve nen chudng, kha nang dam bao ve sinh nhU the cd anh hUdng gi den nang suat chSn nudi khdng? BUdc 4: Giao vien dieu chfnh va chfnh xac hda kien thdc Hinh I n h la mdt nhOng thiet bj day hpc dupc sO dyng phd bien va mang lai nhieu hieu q u i dgy hpc CN d phd thdng Mat khac hinh anh cung la ngudn thdng tin quan trpng de HS khai thac, kham pha kien thOc qua trinh hpc tap Viec sO dyng hinh anh dgy hpc hien theo nhieu hodng khac tren cae quan diem day hpc khac Tren quan diem day hpc lay ngOdi hpc lam trung tam, tich cOc hda ngodi hpc, thi hinh anh vOa la ngudn tri thOe eho HS vOa la phOPng tien de GV td chOc cac - GV khai quat lai: chudng Hinh 1.1 dgt tieu chuan hdn chudng Hinh 1.2 - GV neu van de: NhUng can eO vao dau de xac djnh chudng dgt tieu chuan hay khdng? Cau hdi de GV kich thich HS nghien cOu SGK de t r i Idi cau hdi "Cao yeu e l u kT thugt cija chudng trgi chan nudi la gi?" Sau dd GV neu cae eau hdi md rdng: Tgi cac kieu chudng nudi nhU hinh 1.2 v i n tdn tgi phd bien d cac vung ndng thdn, vung cao? SO dung chudng Ket lugn Ren luyen ky nang s(i DUNG hoat ddng dgy hpc Qua dd phat huy cao dp tinh tich cUe kham pha tri thOc cua HS, ddng thdi ren luyen cho HS eac kT nang hpe tap cd b i n nhU: kT nang lam viec vdi kenh hinh, kTnang quan sat, kTnang phan tich Do dd viec xac dinh qui trinh sO dyng kenh hinh de td chOe eac hogt ddng dgy hpc CN de nang cao hieu q u i day hpc la rat e l n thiet va kha thi, gdp p h i n dap Ong ddi hdi ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpc d phd thdng hien nay.H TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Duan Thiet /ce' vi sCl dtring cau hdi l