CONG NGHE DAY HOC XAY DIAC f 0 CO Tlf DUY TRONC eiANC DAY DIA LY IClP 10 ThS Nguyin Thj Thanh Van SU Tran Thl Nga, SU Trgn Thanh Sang Trudng Bgi hpc Bdng Thdp SUMMARY Teaching and learning geo^aphy is[.]
CONG NGHE DAY HOC XAY DIAC f CO Tlf DUY TRONC eiANC DAY DIA LY IClP 10 ThS Nguyin Thj Thanh Van SU Tran Thl Nga, SU Trgn Thanh Sang Trudng Bgi hpc Bdng Thdp SUMMARY Teaching and learning geo^aphy is often considered learn by heart subject, so students mainly learn following path, teachers usually depend on it to test the students In fact, teaching geography should promote creating thinking of students, the ability to connect knowledge so that students can understand and promote thinking The application of information technology in teaching which software builds Min map that is effective solution to satisfy the requirements of renewal teaching and learning geo^aphical subject now, simultaneously promoting creative thinking of students to increase the quality of teaching and learning geography in high school Tir khda: So tu duy, sdng tgo, hpc sinh Ngdy nlipn bdi: 11/4/2014, ngdy duypt ddng: 25/4/2014 Trudc day vdi each hgc truyen thong da khiln tu cua nhieu hgc sinh (HS) di vao 161 mon, khong kich thfch dugc sy phat trien ciia tri nSo, dieu d6 lam cho mgt so HS rat eham nhung sy tilp thu rat ft vi khdng bilt lien kit cac kien thiic vdi nhau, khdng bigt van dyng nhtmg kiln thirc da hgc trudc dd vao phdn sau HS chi bilt ghi ma khong biet cdch luu thdng tin cho khoa hgc, ty chu, dgc lap nhdt Nhung tir gido vien (GV) doi mdi phuong phap day hgc bdng vifc dp dung nhigu phuang tifn thiet hi, so hoa bai hgc dac bift la sir dyng So tu (SDTD) lam cho HS hilu sau, nhd lau va in dam kiln thiic co ban, giiip HS hgc tap mgt each tu vd sdng tao Vi vay SDTD la phuang tien hun ich vifc ddi mdi phuang phdp day hgc So t u d u y SDTD hay cdn gpi Id luge dh tu duy, ban dd ty (Mind Map) SDTD Id cong cy t l chirc lu la dudng de nhdt chuyin tai thdng tin vao bg nao rdi dua thdng tin ngodi bg nao D6ng thdi Id mgt phuang tifn ghi chep day sang tgo vd rat hifu qud theo dimg nghTa ciia no: "sdp xep" y nghT Hay hilu mgl each khdc SDTD Id mgt hinh thiic ghi chep cd sir dung mdu sSc va hinh dnh dl md rgng vd dao sau y tudng SDTD cd uu dilm: Dg nhin, dl vilt Kfch thich himg thii hgc tap va kha ndng sdng tao ciia HS Phdt huy toi da tilm nang ghi nhd cua bg n.'io Ren luyfn cdch xac dinh chii de vd phdt trien y chinh, y phy mgl each logic SDTD giup sang tgo vd tiet kifm thdi gian hon Ghi nhd tit hon, hf thing hda kiln thiic Phdt Irien nhan Ihiic, tu Xay dung SDTD dgy vd hgc Dja ly d trudng trung hgc thdng a Cdc bude xdy dung mot SDTD Sir dung SDTD day va hgc mang lgi hieu qud cao, phdt Irien tu logic khd nang phan tich tong hgp Trong mgl SDTD cdc y tudng dugc ndi vdi nhd vao cac nhanh tir cd the bao quat dugc cdc y ludng trgn mgl pham vi sau rgng Bai viet gidi thifu each xay dyng mgt SDTD day vd hgc Bir&c 1: Ve chit di d trung tdm Vi Iri trung tdm so la mgt hinh dnh, tir khda the hifn mgt y tudng hay khai nifm, chu de, ngi dung chinh Sii dung mdu sac gay chii y cho ngudi xem Cd the bd sung tir ngir vao hinh dnh Bude 2: Ve cdc tieu chu di TAP CHi THIET B I GIAO OgC - S6 lOS - 5/?.014 • 41 CONG NGHE DAY HOC /-=A Hinh 1: Cdc bude xdy dimg SDTD Trung tam se dugc phdt trien ndi vdi eac hinh anh hay tir khda, tieu chii dl cdp lign quan bang cac nhanh chfnh Tieu ehu de nen dugc vigt bang chir in hoa nam trgn cac nhanh day de lam noi bat Tieu chii dl nen dugc ve gan lien vdi trung tam (Hinh I) Bu&c 3: Ve cdc nhdnh Trong timg tieu de phu ve them cac y chfnh va eac ehi tiet hd trg, tir cae nhanh chinh tilp tyc phat trien phan nhanh den cac hinh anh hay tir khda, tigu chii dg cap cd lien quan den nhanh chfnh (tren cac nhanh c6 the them cac hinh anh kf hieu can thiet) Sir dung nhiing bilu tugng, cdch viet tdt de tiet kiem khdng gian va thdi gian Moi tir Idida hinh anh ngn dugc ve tren mot doan gap khiic rieng tren nhanh Cti the sy phan nhanh cii tiep tyc vd cdc khai niem, ndi dung, van de lien quan ludn dugc ndi ket vdi Chinh sy lign kit se tao mot "biic tranh tong thl" md td khai nifm, n6i dung, tieu chii de trung tam mgt each day du va ro rang Mgt SDTD co the dugc the hifn tren mgt td giay nhign cdch khd luu trii, chinh sira De khae phyc nhimg han che tren, GV cd the xay dung SDTD da dugc ho trg la phan mem Imindmap b Cdch td chuc dgy vd hpc Dia ly cd xdy dung SDTD SDTD la mgt phuong tifn hiiu hifu viec doi mdi phuong phap day hgc De SDTD phat huy tac dung GV can ket hgp cac phuang I • TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO Dgc-S6 105-5/2014 phap day hoc vdi nhu; thuygt trinh, ddm thoai, thao lugn, trd choi - Phirong phdp thuyit trinh: GV diing ldi trinh bay ngi dung kien thirc giiip HS higu va van dung dugc kien thiic de giai thfch cac hien tugng, sy vat Khi ket hgp phuang phap thuylt trinh vdi SDTD GV se tOmg bude xdy dyng so dd theo logic kien thire Tir dua so cho HS quan sat, tong hgp cdc mdi lien hf Trong qud trinh thuylt giang can kit hgp vdi cae cau hdi va cudi ciing la khai quat lgi - Phuong phdp ddm thogi: la mgt nhimg phuang phap day hgc cd hieu qua vd dugc sir dyng bien eac gid len Idp Khi kit hgp phuang phap dam thoai vdi SDTD, GV neu len ndi dung ehinh cdn tim va ghi d giCfa bang Ddng thdi dua cac cau hdi ggi md nham hudng HS trign khai va giai quyet ngi dung chfnh Sau dd, HS tra Idi va GV djnh hudng HS ve SDTD cho phii hgp, chfnh xac, de hgc, dg nhd - Phuong phdp thdo lugn: thao lugn, HS khong chf phat bigu nhung y kign ciia minh ma cdn phdt hifn nhijng dilm mgnh, dilm yiu cua ban than Khi kit hgp SDTD, GV ygu cau HS thao lugn nhdm vdi ngi dung da chdt Igc tir hinh cac nhanh cua so Sau HS se ciing thdo luan va trinh bay hodn chinh lai SDTD Nhu vdy phuang phap day hge theo SDTD la each thiic hogt dgng phdi hgp th6ng nhat ciia ngudi day va ngudi hgc nhdm giiip ngudi hpc higu dugc bdn chdt ciia cac sy vat, hien tugng Hen quan din ngi dung, nhiem vu day hgc dya vdo md hinh, so cua chung c Chuy dgy vd hpc CO xdy dimg SDTD - Doi vdi HS: HS cdn dugc gidi thifu nhieu cdch td chtic thdng tin dudi dang SDTD: so thii bac, so mang Cho HS ldm quen vdi SDTD bdng each gidi thifu mdt so "SDTD" ciing vdi dan ddt ciia GV de cac em djnh hudng nhanh hon Khuyen khieh HS phat triln, sdpxip y tudng de hodn so do, cho HS thue hanh ve SDTD tren gidy Ve SDTD theo nhdm ho^c timg cd nhdn CONG NGHE DAY HOC - Ddi vdi GV: De thigt ke SDTD ddi vdi mgt nhd cdp sd tuong ty HS da hoan ndi bai hgc, chiing ta cd the thiet kg bang vg trgn dung SDTD ciia bai hgc mdi tgi ldp gidy hoac he thdng kien thue bang so dd trgn Dl ldm sang td SDTD, GV cho HS xem bdng hodc cd thg diing phan mem Mindmap nhiing hinh anh, dogn phim ngdn minh hga ro y Doi vdi phan mgm GV cd the thyc hifn hoi' ciia timg nhanh cdp dg I, cdp mgt giao an hay mft bai giang dien tOr vdi Dudi day la mdt SDTD day bai mdi kiln thirc dugc xay dyng mgt so do, qua (Hinh 2): bai 15 - Thiiy quyen Mdt sd nhan td dd cdn cd thl ket hgp de trinh chieu nhihig ngi anh hudng tdi che dp nude sdng Mot sd sdng dung can luu y hay nhiing dogn phim cd lign Idn tren thg gidi quan dugc lien kit vdi so - Xdy dtmgsa tu dn tap: Ngoai Vi du minh hga, xay d ^ g SDTD each to chiic dn tap theo phuong phap truyen dgy hgc Dia ly ldp 10 (co ban) Trong qua trinh dgy hgc Dia ly GV cd thl dp dyng SDTD dudi nhieu hinh thire khae Sau day chung tdi se gidi thifu hai hinh thirc sir dyng SDTD d l dn tap va dgy bai mdi - Xdy dung SDTD dgy bdi mdi GV gidi thifu bdi mdi va ve chu de chinh ciia bdi hgc bdng mpt hinh vg bdt ki tren bang md khong ghi bai theo kieu cii GV d$t cau hdi chu de npi dung ehfnh dl xay dyng nhanh Idn cdp so Sau hodn thdnh cac nhanh Idn cdp so 1, GV d^t cau hdi d nhanh thii nhdt cd may nhdnh Hinh 2: SDTD bdi 15 (SGK lap 10 - Ca bdn) Hinh 3- SDTD on lap chuang II (SGK ldp 10 - Ca bdn) TAP CHi THlffBIGlAO Dgc-sd 105-5/2014 • 43 CONG NGHE DAY HOC thdng, GV cd the dn tap eho HS bang each sur Dia ly ndi rieng va cac mdn hgc khdc ndi chung dyng SDTD Tao dieu kifn eho HS cd co hgi se giiip cho GV va HS phat huy kha ndng sang van dung kien thiic da hgc vao thyc tl Dudi day tgo va kha nang dong nao Tir giiip cho qua la vi dy vl sii dung SDTD dn tap chuong II trinh dgy hpc dgt ket qua cao - Vu try He qua cac chuyen dgng cua Trai Ddt (SGK Dia ly 10 - co ban) (Hinh 3) Tai lieu tham khao Ket loan V5 van Toan Sir dung so tu nhdm SDTD la phuong tien hihi fch giiip GV phdt huy tinh tich cue dgy hpc su 12, Sdng va HS sii dung cdc bai hgc, mdn hgc vdi kiln kinh nghifm, 2012 - 2013 cac miic va ngi dung khae Trong qud Dy an Vift - Bi Dgy vd hpc tich ciec - mpt trinh iing dyng SDTD, GV ddng vai trd la ngudi sd phirong phdp vd kt thugt dgy hpc, Bf Gido hudng dan, HS la chu the boat dgng, dl tim kiem due vd Dao tgo them nhieu kien thiic mdi tren co sd kien thiic Adam Khoo Tdi tdi gidi bgn cung nhu va kinh nghiem da co ciia HS GV nen dp dung SDTD giang day de phdt huy tinh tich eye, the (dich gia Tran Dang Khoa - Udng Xuan Vy, sang tao ciia HS Ddng thdi kit hgp cdc phuong NXB Phu ntf, 2010 www.mind-map.com (trang web chinh phap day hpc vdi vifc sii dung SDTD de dem Igi ket qua tdt Ap dung SDTD giang day mdn thirc ciia Tony Buzan) :IJIIIMIMUIIIIIIIIIIIMIIJIIIINirillJIIIIII1IUIIIIINIMIIMIMIIIIMIIIJIIINIMNIIIIIIIIIJIIIINIJIIIIIItl DAV HOC GIAI OlYET VAN DE KIEN T H C C CHUONG (Tiip trang 37) HS cac ldp TN va ldp doi chimg dl danh gid mdt phat trien, giam tinh trang hpc vgt, ghi nhd mft each khach quan chdt lugng ciia moi gid hgc each may mde Kien thiie HS xdy dyng dugc Sau m6i tilt day, chiing tdi trao d6i de nit kinh Ididc sau va vgn dyng mgt each linh boat hon nghiem cho gid day sau dugc tot hon Cuoi dgt TNSP chiing tdi tiln hanh kiem tra nhu doi Xai lifu tham khao vdi cd hai nhom ve miic nam vung kien thiic Glaserfeld, Ernst von (1984 1989), ciia HS vd so sanh ty le giiia hai nhdm de rut Radical constructivism In P Watzlawick (Ed), kit luan Kit qua TNSP cho thdy tiln trinh day The invented readlity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard hgc phii hgp va cd hieu qua ddi vdi chat lugng University Press, 17-40 tiep thu kien thirc va tfnh tfch eye ciia HS Glaserfeld, Ernst von (1989), Constructivism Ket luan in Education, In: T Husen and T Neville Day hgc GQVD theo QDKT tao dieu kien Postlethwaite (eds) The international Encyclopedia de HS bpc Id quan nifm cua minh Tren co sd of Education Research and Studies, pp 126-163 dd giiip HS khdc phyc quan niem sai lech va Supplementary Volume Oxford: Pergamon Press xay dung quan niem khoa hpc cho ban than HS Nguyen Van Cudng (2007), Nhirng ly da tham gia tich cue vao bai hgc HS khdng chi thuyit hpc tap - Co sd tdm ly hpc dgy hpc, Dy an trao doi vdi GV ma cdn trao ddi vdi lam cho tinh thu dgng mdt ddn, HS cung ty tin hon dao tgo GV THCS, Ha Ngi Nguyen Dinh Hung (2009), Nghien cuu lam ldp hgc trd nen sinh dpng Qua do, tinh than doan kit ciia HS dugc nang cao HS cung biet td chuc dgy hpc mpt sd kiin thue vgt ly ldp hgp tac vdi dat hieu qua cao cdng THCS dua trin ly thuyit kien tgo, Luan an tiln sT viec GV da giao Kha nang tu ciia HS dugc Giao due hgc, Vien khoa hgc Giao due 44 • TAP CHi THIEF BI GIAO OgC-sd 105 - 5/2014 ... thii nhdt cd may nhdnh Hinh 2: SDTD bdi 15 (SGK lap 10 - Ca bdn) Hinh 3- SDTD on lap chuang II (SGK ldp 10 - Ca bdn) TAP CHi THlffBIGlAO Dgc-sd 105 -5/2014 • 43 CONG NGHE DAY HOC thdng, GV cd the... minh hga, xay d ^ g SDTD each to chiic dn tap theo phuong phap truyen dgy hgc Dia ly ldp 10 (co ban) Trong qua trinh dgy hgc Dia ly GV cd thl dp dyng SDTD dudi nhieu hinh thire khae Sau day chung... bude xdy dyng so dd theo logic kien thire Tir dua so cho HS quan sat, tong hgp cdc mdi lien hf Trong qud trinh thuylt giang can kit hgp vdi cae cau hdi va cudi ciing la khai quat lgi - Phuong