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7lu ttanh phdp luM 865(266) 2014 DlN Tic niiil IBtN BIA BJIN I INH SUN IA HiN NAY I ThS LO CHAU T H 6 A * Gi iao dye phap luat cho d6ng bao dan tdc Thai la sy tac ddng ed dinh hudng ciia chu thd giao[.]
865(266)-2014 7lu ttanh phdp luM DlN Tic niiil IBtN BIA BJIN IINH SUN IA HiN NAY I ThS LO CHAU T H A * iao dye phap luat cho d6ng bao dan tdc - Thai la sy tac ddng ed dinh hudng ciia chu thd giao dye len d6i tupng giao due ; a ngudi dan tpe Thai nham hmh d hp tri thdc, inh cam, niem tin vao phap luat, de hp cd day dii iha nangtiiamgia vao cac quan hp phap Iuat, cd tiidi juen, hdnh vi dng xu phu hpp vdi quy dinh ciia phap uat cu tni dan xen, gan bd mat tiiiet vdi cac dan tdc khac Ngudi Thai d San La cu tni deu khap 11/11 huyen, phd tren dia ban tinh^ ' Ddc dilm cda doi tirpng giao dye phap luat dong bdo dan t$c Thdi) J Thir nhdt, sjf phdn bo ddn cu IJ Scm La la mpt tinh mien mii bien gidi phia Tay ijJSc Vi?t Nam, cd di^n tieh chiem 4,29% dien tich ca jiude, dan s6 den nam 2012 la 1.120.000 ngudi i^uOc 12 dan tdc chung sdng Trong phan cac fin tdc sinh s6ng ti-en dia ban tinh Son La, ngudi Jhdi chiem ty 1? ldn nhlt (55,03% s6 dan toan tinh); thi mdi gia dinh iy se hinh mot tap quan quan he ba chidu Theo ngudi Thai, mdi chieu ay dupc coi la mdt hp Nhimg mdi quan he dd cd rang bupc theo mpt quy tie nhat dinh va anh hudng rat ldn den cac ca nhan gia dinh va ddng hp Mdi quan he ba chieu dd gdm: "Ai nopng", "Lung Ta" va "Nhinh xao" (cd the xem tucmg ty nhu nhdm quan he ciia mpt gia dinh vdi cac anh em ben npi, anh em ben ngoai, va cac chi em gai hp tpe) Mdi quan he Pho Hifu truang Trudng Trung cap Ludt Tdy Bdc Ddn chO & Phdp ludt | Gi Thu hai, ve tin nguong, ton gido Cung nhu cac dan tpe khac, ngudi Thai tin rang, sy sdng la cd linh hon ^ n tai ben the xae (the xae ngudi va linh hdn la cai bdng) Mdi eon ngudi cd 30 hdn phia trudc, 80 hdn phia sau (xam xip Vi?t Nam Id mdt qu6c gia da dan tdc vdi 54 dan khudn na, xip khudn lang) Ngudi Thai khdng theo mOt Ioai tdn giao nao ma ,|0C anh em,ti-ongdd cd 53 dan tdc thieu sd Trong jdng ddng cac dan tdc thieu s6, dan tde Thai la mdt chii yeu la tam hnh truyen thdng ciia dan tpe Ngoai jian tOc kha dde biet xet tien phucmg dien lich su, quan niem ve hdn via thi he thdng tam linh ciia finh te, vdn hda, xa hpi, tin ngudng, tdn giao, dd, ngudi Thai cdn theo quan niem; Khi chet, linh hon jjido dye phap luat cho ddng bao dan tpe Thai la eiia eon ngudi dupc ve cdi vinh hang, ve vdi td tien, l^ng giao dye phap Iuat dae thu, ngoai nhung dac dupc thd Cling gian thd ciia gia dinh (clohdng) tiem chung ciia giao dye phap luat, cdn cd nhung Vdi ngudi Thai, cdn mpt lyc lupng sieu nhien niia i,lac diem rieng, dupc phan anh qua dac diem, ddi dd la hnh hdn ciia ban mudng va cac loai than linh^ ^png, chu the, ndi dung, hinh thuc, phucmg phap Thu ba, quan he gia dinh, dong ho pdo dye phdp luat Khi hai ca the nam, nu da kk hdn tiianh vp chong ^hi hdnh phdp, (agi S6 (266)-201 dan tpe mien nui ndi rieng cdn thap: 21% sd ngiii tiong dd tudi di hpc khdng bidt dpc, biet viet cWtjih Ihdng; 94,6% ngudi lao dong la ngudi dan tdc TTi chua qua dao tao^; nhin chung, ddng bao dan ^ Thai ti:en dia ban tinh Son La cdn chju nMk ^ Thu tu, Luat tifc Thdi co dnh huang sdu sac vd tiidi, it cd didu kien tiep xiic, tim hidu phap lu|ty chi phoi hanh vi wig xu cua cdc thdnh vien sd dung phuong tien, cdng cy phap luat de ty bao» cac quydn va Ipi ich chinh dang cua rainh Dieu cong dong nguoi Thdi Nhung hanh ddng, viec lam cua ngudi Thai cMu ddi hdi phai cd nhftng hinh thdc, bipn phap phu hp] anh hudng bdi nhihig quy dinh mang tinh giao dye va hieu qua hon de hd trp mdt each thidt thyc clx ciia luat tye Mat khae, Luat tuc Thai chua dyng cac d6i tupng hieu biet dupc cac quyen, nghi nhidu gia tri tich cyc dupc due kdt qua nhieu the he, vu cua ramh, dupc tao dieu kien thuan lpi vl^ la tinh hoa van hda ddn tpe, cd gia tri xay dyng, cd su dung va bao ve cac quyen, lpi ich hpp ph^.-.^ ket edng d^ng ldn lao Luat tyc Thai cd nhieu diem D^c diim cua chii the gido due phdp lu|t, tucmg ddng vdi cdc quy dinh ciia phap luat nhu: Tdn Chu the giao dye phap luat cd the hieu la tat d tipng cac quy djnh cua cpng dong, y tiiue tu giac nhung ngudi ma tiieo chue nang, nhipm vy hay tracli chap hanh cac quy udc cua c§ng ddng, tdn tipng tinh nhiem xa hpi phai thara gia vao viec tiiyc hien tk doan ket giua cac dan tpe, sdng gan bd hai hda vdi myc dich giao dye phap luat thien nhien, nguyen tac vp chong chung tiiuy hoa Vdi ddi tupng giao due la d6ng bao ddn tdc Tliai hpp, tiach nhiem nudi duang giao due cai, mpt ddi tupng cd dac diem dac thu, ngoai nhthigtili phyng duong cha me, d6i xu binh ding giiia de ehuan can ed cua chii the giao dye phap luat (nhi va nudi, tdnti-pngngudi phy nii va gia dinh ben phai cd kien thdc phap Iuat, tu each dsio ddc ^ i ngoai Day la nhirng diem ma tiong qua trinh tuyen tinh than trach nhiera va kha nang hodn ix^ truyen giao dye, cae chu the can Iuu y khai thac, chi vipe dupc giao ) thi chu thd giao dye phap lu^tphi rd dupc nhung han che, nhung net van hod can phat la ngudi cd sy nhiet tinh, tam huydt, am hieu w huy de dinh hudng cho ddi tupng dupc tuyen tiiiydn phong tyc, tap quan, nam bit dupc tam Iy ngudi flj nhan thuc dung din va tuan theo phap Iuat tpe Thai va bidt tidng Thai .# Thu ndm, ve trinh hpc vdn Thyc tien cho thay, cpng ddng nguoi W Nhin chung, so vdi mdt sd dan tdc thieu sd khac cd nhung ca nhan cd vi tii, uy tin ldn, tieng noi c4i thi ngudi Thai d Son La cd tiinh dp van hda cao, hlu hp cd anh hudng rat sau rpng cdng ddngrf hdt cac ban, xa deu cd hpc sinh, sinh vien ngudi Thai gin nhu mang tinh quyet dinh tiudc nhieu vanffl theo hpc t^i cac tiirdng dai hpc, cao dang; ddi ngu xay ra, phap luat cua Nha nudc cd dupc tridn 1^ giao vien, can bp y te ed trinh dp dai hpc chiem ty manh me, sau rdng, dung hudng va dat hi§u quill le dang kd Cd thd ndi, tiong cpng ddng ngudi Thai khdng phy thupc kha nhidu vao nhftng ngudi niy da va dang hinh dpi ngu tii thdc kha ro net Hp la bac cao nien cpng d6ng, hay tnrdng bfc Tuy nhien, so vdi mat bing chung tien toan qudc, la nhirng ngudi cd uy tin, cd kha nang gidc ngO,lfi chit lupng ngudn nhan lyc cimg nhu giao due ciia hpp nhung ngudi khac tiong cpng dong, nhfini ddng bao dan tpe mien nui ndi chung va ddng bao ngudi "cam can, rayc" viec giai quyet d ba cMeu cung vdi hdn nhan cung ddng tdc vd hdn nhan chti ydu cung ban hoac ban Ian cdn da lam cho mdi quan hp cua ngudi Thai rat rpng, di dau hp ciing cd ^ em, cd kM ca ban, ca mudng la anh em, hp hang cua I Ddn ChO & Phdp ludt Thi hanh phiip (ii4t in de phat sinh hang ngdy ciia cdng ddng, nhung ;6i bit hda, nhihig tranh chap Viec phat huy vai d cua eae d6i tupng ndy tirong viec ph6i hpp phd ien, giao giyc phap Iuat la mpt each lam hay, Meu ja Dac diem ve ngi dung, tiinh thirc, phuong hdp giao dye phap lu^t cho dong bao dan t$c hai 86 5(266)-2014 chucmg trinh xda ddi, giam ngheo, dan sd, khuyen ndng, khiQ'en lam - Chi nhimg didm tich cyetiongLuat tyc Thai, nhftng hli tyc lac hau cin xda bd, phan biet ro cho ngudi dan hieu ve luat tuc va phap luat, tap trung dinh hudng ap dyng phap Mat tiong ddi sdng, ung xu Ben canh phd bien, giao dye ndi dung phap Iuat, can cM diem khac biet giua luat tyc va phap luat, can huong din cho ddng bao thyc hien, phat huy cac tap quan sinh boat tdt dep, nhung nOi dung cua Luat tyc Thai cdn phu hpp vdi phap luat nhu: Tdn tipng binh dang, doan ket, tucmg than tucmg giua cac dan tdc, sdng hudng iMen, diet tru cai ac; cac quy dinh vd bao ve mdi tiudng (cam chat cay rung dau ngudn, cam danh bat ea mua sinh san, trdng lai cay sau chat pha) hay cac nguyen tic hdn nhan va gia dinh nhu: Mpt vp mpt chdng, vp chdng binh dang, binh ding giua tiai va gai, de va nudi Ddng thdi, tuyen tiuyen van dpng xda bd phong tyc tap quan lac hau tiai vdi quy dinh ciia phap luat, bien nhu: Ciing bai dm dau, phat va, ky thj mdt sd ngudi hi eoi la ma ca rdng, ket hdn - Quyen vd nghTa vy ciia cdng dan: Quyen, Ipi ich khdng ca quan nha nude thyc hien, su dung "le 5»p phdp cua cdng dan vd trinh ty, thu tyc td tyng de ldng" tiong viec xu ly cac hanh vi pham phap Iuat 30 vp quyen vd lpi ich hpp phap cd tranh chap; Thdr hai, ve hinh thirc phucmg phdp gido due ghTa vy cdng dan vi?c thyc hi?n nghiem phap luat linh, tri?t de vd diing din phap lu^t ciia Nha nudc Thdi gian qua, mdt tiong nhung hinh thiic giao ing nhu quy tdc sinh hoat tiong cpng ddng dan cu dye, phd bien phap Iuat cd hieu qua, phii hpp vdi dae Ph6 bien, giai thich cac van ban phap Iuat hi^n thu ddi tupng ndng dan, ddng bao dan tpe tiiieu sd la Inh, d^c bipt la nhftng vdn ban lien quan tryc tidp, hinh thuc tmydn dat tryc tiep (tuyen tmyen mieng) i^t than den quyen va nghia vy p h ^ Iy ciia cdng thdng qua dpi ngii bao cao vien, tuyen tmyen vien Ul tien cdc ITnh vye cua ddi sdng nhu dat dai, thua phap luat Mdt hinh thuc khac cung dupc su dyng :, hdn nhan gia dinh, phap luat ve hp tich, phdng thudng xuyen la bien soan cac tai lieu phap Mat phd i6ng t$i ph^m, n ^ xa hdi, uu dai ngudi cd cdng thdng nhu: Sach gidi tiiieu van ban, saeh hdi dap ve ii cich mpg, chinh sach doi vdi dong bao dan tpe phap luat, td gip, td roi Vipc dich mpt sd van ban ing sau, viing xa, vung ddng bao dan tpe thieu sd sang tieng dan tpe Thai de phd bien cho ddng bao godi ra, ndi dung phdp luat nen dupc long ghep Thai la hinh thdc phii hpp va cd hieu qua Th& nhdt, vi noi dung gido due Tren phuang dien ly luan ndi chung, npi dung iao dye phap luat phat sinh td nhu clu quan ly nha irac bing phap Iuat, td yeu cau ciia vide thyc Men ic n M ^ vy, myc tidu ehinh tri, kinh t e - x a hpi, linh sadi cua Dang va phap luat cua Nha nudc Tuy iuen, npi dung giao dye phap Iuat cd phu hpp hay lidng phu hpp cdn phai can cu vao y thuc phap luat ia cdng dan vd dieu kipn kha nang tiep thu, nhu cau ia hp D6i vdi dong bao dan tde Thai, npi dung ido dye phap luat phai thiet thyc, ngln gpn, de hieu, i nhd, phli hpp vdi tiinh dd nhan thde cua ngudi In Theo tac gia, vdi dong bao dan tpe thieu so ndi lung vd d&ng bdo dan t^c Thdi ndi rieng can phd ien, giao dye cac ndi dung ve: Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt | ^hi hanh phAp lugt S6 5(266)-2