N G l / a i TUTSI, ZULU VA MOT SO TOC NGU'O'I KHAC CHAU PHI Le Bich Ngoc'^ Ngu'di Tutsi Nguai Tutsi song a Rwanda, Congo, Burundi vai so dan khoang 1,25 trieu nguai (trong do, nguai Algeria la 76.000; nguai Mali la 100.000; nguoi Libya la 18.000, nguofi Niger la 700.000; eon lai la nhiing nguoi lanh nan g Moritania va Burkina Faso) Ngon ngii eiia nguai Tutsi la tieng Kirundi, Kinyarwanda va tieng Phap Nguai Tutsi theo Thien chiia giao va dao Hoi (sau nan diet ehung) Sau nan diet chiing nam 1994, mgt so lugng Ion nhirng tin Hoi giao Rwanda da cai dao Mgt ly cho su thay doi la nhieu nguoi Hoi giao da cho nhiing nguai ti nan, bao gom nguai Hutu va Tutsi a nha, lang va khu vuc ngoai ciia hg Nhieu nguofi cai dao da chuyen sang dao Hoi mot so nguofi diing dau dao Thien chiia va Tin lanh da tim each lam hai hg thod ky diet ehung Cac nhom bao ve quyen nguoi da dua tai lieu chiing minh mgt vai vu viee ma cac giao sT Ca doc cho phep nguai Tutsi tim nai an nap cac nha tha, roi sau lai giao nop hg cho dgi tir hinh " Vien Ngliien ciru Chau Phi va Trung Dong Tai lieu dua ciing chiing minh nhiing truang hgp ma cae thay tu va muc su khuyen khich eae giao doan ciia hg giet nguai Tutsi Mgt vai nguai Tutsi da eai dao de dugc an toan vi hg sg nhirng nguai Hutu c6 quan diem cue doan qua khich se tiep tue tra thii, va hg ciing biet rang nhiing ngugi Hoi giao se bao ve hg thoat khoi su tan sat Nhieu nguoi Hutu cGng chuyen dao bang each tim den "le riia tgi", hg muon quen di qua khii day bao luc cua minh va khong muon ban tay phai dinh mau Ciing c6 mgt so truong hgp rieng biet, nhiing nguai Hutu da chuyen dao hy vgng rang hg se an nap ben egng dong nguai Hoi giao va se thoat khoi su truy duoi Nam 1997, ti le cai dao da giam xuong Theo cac giao sT Hoi giao a Rwanda, vao nam 2002-2003 viec cai dao van chua thay tang len cong dong nguai Hoi giao Co doe giao van giii vai tro quan trgng nhat Dao Thien chiia (xuat hien vao cuoi the ky XIX voi vi tri la Diie chiia trai giao hgi Kito giao) van an sau vao nen van hoa Theo nhiing nguai lanh dao Hoi giao Rwanda thi nguai hoi giao chiem 14% tong so 8,2 trieu nguai a Rwanda, quoc gia CO nhieu nguoi Thien chiia giao nhat ciia chau Phi, nhieu gap hai lan truac cugc tan sat bat dau Tap chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG S6 02 (66) thang 2/2011 Le Bich Ngpc Nau'diTutsi, Zulu va mot sa Nguofi Tutsi o Rwanda lan dau tien tiep xuc vai cac nuac phuong Tay vao cuoi the ky XIX Xa hgi Rwanda bi phan tang kha cao No dugc chia tgc ngugi: Tutsi, Hutu va Twa Nguofi Tutsi la giai cap cam quyen va chii yeu la ehan nuoi gia siie NgUQfi Hutu la nhirng nong dan va nguofi Twa la nhiing thg san Cac bai thuyet trinh ciia nguai phuong Tay ve nguoi Tutsi da nhan manh van de chiing tgc va he thong cap bac Dua vao hinh dang co the thi hg la nhiing nguoi cao nhat a chau Phi, va dua tren hanh vi cu xii quy tgc ciia hg thi vao dau the ky XX, nguai Tutsi da dugc nguoi phuang Tay cho la nhirng nguofi chau Phi tien bg nhat Dien mao ben ngoai ciing vai hanh vi cu xii nghi thiic the hien da lam cho hg tra nhiing doi tugng hoan hao cho cac thg anh Cac vi vua cung sam hieu dugc nhiing mong uac ciia cac nhiep anh gia bang viec cho trinh dien tren san khau nhirng vu dieu Ntore noi tieng eiia eae chien binh tre Cae biic anh ve vii dieu da tro bieu tugng ciia Rwanda Sau chien tranh the gioi thii hai, thu Nyanza cua vuong quoc da trof mgt diem dung chan tren tuyen du lich xuyen qua viing va luon c6 rat nhieu cac nhiep anh va cac nha lam phim, Ngu'di Wodaabe Bg tgc nguofi Wodaabe thue chat la mgt nhom nho cua nguoi Fulani noi tieng Fulbe, noi tieng ve tinh kieu cang va ve dep loi cuon, Hg thieh ggi minh la Bororo Fulani la mgt bg tgc nguai du muc, co anh huang lan doi vai nen kinh te, chinh tri va lich sii dia phuong tren khip Tay Phi suot hon mgt nghin nam qua Nguai Wodaabe song a phia nam Nigieria va dong vai tro rat co y nghTa viec thiic day sir thong tri ciia nguofi Fulani khu vuc Dinh cao ciia U trieu dai Fulani la vao giiia nhiing nam dau 1800 va 1900 Duai thai Usman dan Fodio, siic manh dugc ciing co va tap trung o phia bic Nigeia Dan Fodio theo giao, da diing siic manh ton giao de khich le quan dgi eiia minh tien hanh hang loat cac cugc chien tranh than Ciing vofi cong ban dau cua cac chien binh Hoi giao, nhiing nguofi Fulani khong theo dao Hoi da di linh va Cling voi dong dgi ciia hg tao mgt to chiie Ion manh Kinh te: Nguai Wodaabe ehii yeu la nhiing muc dong va thuong nhan Con duong ma hg thiet lap a Tay Phi da cung cap nhiing moi lien he khap cac vung, gop phan thiic day moi quan he kinh te, chinh tri giira cae nhom dan tgc bi co lap Cac san pham lam tir siia bo duge ban cho nhiing nguai nong dan de doi lay cac san pham nong nghiep va nhiing mon hang xa xi Sau do, cac mon hang c6 the duge dua tofi cho cac thuang nhan tren sa mac Sahara la nguofi Tuagreg de van chuyen bang tau bien tai mien Bac Nhiing loai vai tot nguofi Wodaabe det dugc ban tren thi truong quoc te nhu mgt mon hang dat tien Che chinh tn: Hai nhan to eo y nghTa nhat he thong ehinh tri Fulani la khach hang va canh tranh De dat dugc mgt dia vi chinh tri thi mgt nguai Fulani se phai canh tranh vai nhiing vien khae de c6 quyen cai tri Nguai ciing c6 the dua su tin nhiem chinh tri ciia minh bang viec ehurng minh dugc rang co mgt nhom nguofi ung hg Ion a duai dang ca nhan va gia dinh Vai viec dong y trof khach hang ciia mgt nguai dan ong hay mgt gia dinh quyen luc thi nguofi se cong cac tang vat hay su ung hg ve chinh tri de doi lay su an toan Dan ong Wodaabe thuang nam quyen lire • Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 02 (66) thang 2/201 ] Le Bich Ngpc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mot so chinh tri dang ke nhom du muc ciia hg cung nhu nhom cong dong ma hg da dinh cu a mien Bac Nigieria Ton giao: Ton giao ciia nguai Wodaabe phan Ion la theo dao Hoi Mae dii miic dg tin nguong dugc bieu 16 khac nhau, nhung hau het mgi nguai deu tri it nhat mgt vai dieu kien co ban ciia ton giao Thong thuang thi nhiing nguai giau eo va quyen lire lai la nhirng nguofi mg dao nhat, nhiing nguofi khong co nhieu cua cai lai it tuan thii hoan toan theo ton giao ciia minh Nguai ta cung diing dao Hoi de bien minh cho nhiing cugc chien tranh Hoi giao a lanh tho phia Bac ciia Nigeria duai sir bao trg ciia nhom lanh dao Fulani va Wodaabe Xet theo phuong dien heh sii thi that la noi rang nhirng lgi ich kinh te chinh tri nhu vay duge tao duai danh nghTa dao Hoi va ket qua ciia su lan chiem dat dai quyen lire Dao Hoi da tra mgt ton giao quan trgng doi vai cac nhom bg bgc Wgdaabe suot the ky XVI ma nha tien tri vT dai Maghili giang cac hgc thuyet ciia Mohammed cho lop nguofi uu tii nhat a mien bae Nigeria El Maghili cung chinh la nguofi chiu trach nhiem cai dao cho tang lop cai tri bg tgc Hausa, Fulani va Tuareg g khu vuc Hon nhan: Nguofi Wodaabe thuang theo che da the, Khi ma cap nam nii dang la nhiing diia tre, thi viec ket hon da dugc eha me sap xep hoac ciing eo the den vai vi tinh yeu va sir loi cuon lan Gia dinh chu re se dua sinh le sang nha co dau va sau hg cuoi Hgn nhan Koobbal la hon nhan dugc eha me sap xep tir nho tuoi Con hon nhan Teegal la kieu hon nhan xay truang hgp; 1) nguai phu nii chua qua dem tan hon bo di cung vai nguai dan ong khac (tai thofi diem mgt vai ngugfi ggi eg ay la vg), 2) hoac la nguofi phu nii bo chong de di vai nguofi dan ong khae va trof vg cua Doi nhiing nguai vg da bo dl lai bo rai nhiing diia vofi nguofi chong cu ciia hg Nghi thiic ciia hon nhan Teegal rat don gian chii khong cau ky nhu hon nhan Koobgal, Trong nghi thire hon nhan Teegal thi nguofi chong mai giet mgt ciru due tugng trung cho viee da cuoi mgt nguai phu nii Koobal c6 mgt nghi le keo dai va eau ky hon vai nhieu su kien xay co lien quan den gia dinh moi cua nhiing nguofi ket hon Co dau se o vai chong eho den c6 bau, sau co se trof ve nha me de va a vong den nam, Co se de diia tre lai nha me de va trof mgt "boofeydo" - c6 nghTa la "mgt nguofi da pham sai lam", Trong suot thai gian la mgt "boofeydo" co se khong dugc phep gap hay noi chuyen vofi chong minh, Neu nhu nguai chong bay to bat ky mgt su quan tam nao doi vai vg va diia mai sinh ciia minh thi se la mgt tgi loi van hoa rat Ion Sau hoac nam me CO dau se cho co ve tham chong nhung van khong dugc phep song ciing chong hay mang theo diia cho den tan me co ay CO the mua tat ca mgi thir can thiet cho gia dinh Khi nhirng vat dugc mua thi co ay mai dugc phep tai song ciing vofi chong va dua eon ve Ve dep van hoa: Mat trofi da lan tren thao nguyen, nhiing tia nang chieu lam noi bat cay bao bap (cay a chau Phi co than rat to, qua to, an duge) diing hien ngang tren duong chan trai Mau da cam va vang ciia bau trdi xe chieu chim vao mau sam va tim nhu dem toi tao mgt loi di trang le Tat ca mgi thii deu phang lang, yen binh va nhan nai Tap chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 02 (66) thang 2/2011 15 Le Bich Ngoc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mg^jO: Nhirng nguoi da tirng den tham chau Phi mai cam nhan dugc ve dep ciia no Tir nhiing tam vai, trang siic dii mau sac rue den nhiing mau xanh luc, mau nau va cila dat dai ma nhieu nguofi da xem no nhu mgt luc dja dep nhat tren trai dat Nhin ehung, nguofi chau Phi rat coi trgng ve dep, quan ao, trang siic va phong each ciia hg lam noi bat len nhiing tieu chuan khac cua sir loi cuon Tat ca mgi nguai deu xem trgng cai dep, nhung c6 le bg tgc nguai Wodaabe ciia Nigie moi la nguofi noi tieng nhat sof hiiu ve dep ca the nhu la nhiing gia tri cao nhat Bg tgc ngUQfi Wodaabe la mgt nhom nguai du muc rat dang tu hao, sinh song rai rac dgc theo thao nguyen Sahenlian Sahara a Nigie-Tay Phi Nguai ta cho rang hg bat nguon tir thugng luu song Nil va nguon goc chinh xac ciia hg duge cac hge gia tranh luan gay gat; mgt vai nguofi noi rang hg den tir Ethiopia, nhirng nguai khac khang dinh rang hg den tir Ai Cap Nguofi Wodaabe song rat khep kin va hiem ket hon vai nguofi ngoai tgc, nhof vay hg c6 the giir dugc su thuan tiiy tinh dong nhat van hoa va di truyen hgc Bg tgc nguoi Wodaabe tim dugc nguon goc ciia hg tir hai nguofi anh em, Ali va Degereejo La mgt nhom tren cua bg tgc Fulani, nguofi Wodaabe dugc biet nhu la nguai Bororo NguQfi Bororo noi tieng ve su thuang thiic cai dep, dieu duong nhu giii mgt gia tri cao hon bat ky thii khac Ve dep tu nhien dugc luu giii su kinh trgng rat cao doi vai ngUQfi Bororo, va rat nhieu thir ciia cugc song hang deu dua tren eai dep No the hien suot le hgi Worso va Geerewol dugc to chiic hang nam vao miia mua Tai day, nguoi Bororo ciing tofi de the hien ill mgt each cong khai va thieh thii nhirng net dep ciia minh Le hgi Worso la khoang thofi gian ma nhiing nguoi Bororo ciing mgt dong hg tap trung lai de to chiic sinh nhat va dam cuoi Cac vien gia dinh gap tai mgt noi da dinh truoc Mac bg quan ao dep va tao nha nhat, hg dugc phep to chirc nhiing nghi le khac xung quanh sinh nhat va le euai vong Ban hg hat, nhay miia va giet mo nhirng vat CO gia tri Ion, dem tai thi ca nguai gia va tre em bi thu hiit bofi nhiing cau chuyen Le Worso cho phep cac vien gia dinh lien ket to chirc va khang dinh lai moi quan he ciia hg Le hgi Geerewol thi Ion va quan trgng hon, dugc dien mgt vai tuan sau le hgi Worso Le hgi dien vong ngay, tap trung hai dong hg lai de nhay miia va ton vinh ve dep Le hgi khong chi cho phep hai dong hg lien ket lai ciing 6f ciing buoi le ma tao co hgi cho nhiing chang trai va nhiing co gai Bororo tim dugc tinh cam yeu men doi vai nhiing nguofi ngoai anh em hg ciia minh Le hgi keo dai vai tuan xoay quanh viec nhay miia va nhiing cugc thi sac dep Hai dieu nhay Yaake va Geerewol dugc uu tien nhat le hgi, va la hai dieu nhay tao CO hgi eho nhiing nguofi dan ong the hien su quyen rii, ve dep va lam tang kha nang hap dan phu nir ciia hg Vii dieu Yaake hay ggi la cugc thi hap dan, doi hoi rat nhieu sir chuan bi ciia nhiing nguofi dan ong Hg danh nhieu thofi gian de chuan bj that dep Hg trang diem khuon mat rat dam va mac nhiing bg quan ao rat ti mi trau truot de khoe su hap dan cua Tap chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG s602 (66) thang 2/2011 Le Bich Ngpc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mot so hg, Mgt loai bgt mau vang lot dugc quet rat dam len khuon mat ciia vii cong va mgt loai phan CO mau den ciing dugc boi len de lam noi bat ham rang trang va doi mat cua hg, Mgt duong dai tu tran xuong cam giiip keo dai cai miii ciia nguofi dan ong, va hg cdn cag duong diem toe xung quanh mat de khoe cai tran cua minh, Khi nhirng ngudi dan ong chuan bi ve ngoai hinh xong, hg diing lai ciing nhau, vai ke vai va bat dau dieu nhay eiia minh Trong ban nhae dong ca, hg nhdn chan ve phia trudc de the hien chieu cao cua minh eiing su hap dan dugc the hien tren khuon mat dugc trang diem dam Mat dao, hai ma rung len, rang loe sang, ma hg phinh giong nhu mgt ca, sau dd lai sup lai, mdi cong len, he va rung rung, Ngudi dan dng dao mat phai tir nggai thi dugc edng nhan la mgt nhan tai va dugc danh gia rat cao, Trong dd, nhiing ngudi gia hon thi lien tuc la het cac vii cdng de thue ep hg cd gang hon va the hien nhieu hon niia su quyen rii ciia hg, Nhirng ngudi dan dng dugc danh gia dua tren su duyen dang, quyen rii va nhan each ciia hg Ngudi chien thang khdng phai la ngudi dan dng dep nhat ma la ngudi duyen dang va hap dan nhat, Vii dieu Geerewol la vii dieu khat khe va dugc tdn trgng nhat le hdi, va chi nhiing chang trai dep nhat mdi dugc tham gia, Cae chang trai ciing chuan bi rat lau va ti mi nhung dien mao ciia hg lai rat khac nhau, Hg mac trang phuc gidng nhau: nhiing chiee ao trang bd sat dugc budc lai d dau gdi, nhiing chuoi hat mau trang cheo qua ngue tran va nhixng chiee mii khdng vanh bang long da dieu va dc nhd, Khudn mat ciia hg dugc ve mau va hg xep hang ndi dudi tieng de nhay va hd het mgt each dien cuong Ngu'di Yoruba Yoruba la bd tdc dau tien sdng d tay nam Nigieria va ddng Benin, ndi tieng Yoruba mdt ngdn ngii ciia ngudi Nigeria va Congo, Ngudi Yoruba chii yeu sdng d thi tran, lam cdng viec cay cudc va ndi tieng nhu nhiing thuong nhan va thg thu cdng, Cac nghe sT Yoruba da tao nhiing kiet tac dugc tram khac bang gd va nhirng vat dugc diic bang ddng, mdt sd tac pham dugc lam tir dau the ky XIII, Tdn giao ciia ngudi Yorubo thugc thuyet linh va thd ciing rat nhieu vi than, Vao the ky XVII, ngudi Yoruba da thiet lap edng mdt bang phdn thinh va ldn manh, vuong qudc cua Oyo, nam giiia Dahomey va sdng Niger, Vao nua dau the ky XIX, Oyo tan nhieu tieu vuong qudc Den cudi the ky XIX, ngudi Yoruba nam dudi su eai tri cua vuong qudc Anh, Hien sd lugng ngudi Yoruba la khoang 27 trieu ngudi va chiem 1/5 dan sd ciia Nigieria, sdng chu yeu d phd ciia Ibadan Rat nhieu cac hga sT va nha van ndi tieng cua Nigieria la ngudi Yoruba, Ngu'di Zaghawa Ngudi Zaghawa sdng rai rac khap cac qudc gia d chau Phi cua ngudi Sudan, Chad va Niger, Ciing duge ggi la ngudi Beri, ngudi Zaghawa d Sudan la mdt bd tgc mia du muc dau tien sdng dgc theg bien gidi giira Sudan va Chad, Bao gdm khoang 171,000 ngudi, hg la mgt bd tgc ehan giir gia siic va lac da, ciing lam mgt sd lugng ldn cdng viec ddng ang Van de ve nude la mdi lo lang chinh ciia ngudi Zaghawa, Hang nam hg phai chd thang khd han mdi ed mdt miia mua ngan keo dai tir giiia cudi thang va cudi thang 8, De sdng sdt, nhieu ngudi chan nudi gia siic Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 02 (66) thang 2/2011 il Le Bich Ngoc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mj^so^ da phai liia dan gia sue ciia minh ve phia bac de an cd sudt mua khd, va trdi mua hg lai trd lai mien nam Nggai viec diing sira cua bd, ciru, lac da, va ban cac gia siic de ed thu nhap, ngudi Zaghawa cdn trdng rau nhu ca chua, hanh, mudp tay nhiing khu vudn nhd xung quanh nha va trdng cac cay ndng nghiep nhu ke, cac cay than cii Nhieu ngudi Zaghawa cdn la nhiing lai budn di tdi phia nam va ddng de tim luong thuc va san xuat nhiing hang hda ma khu vuc ciia hg khdng cd Dudng, tra, dau, ehan men, cac san pham bang nhua va xa bdng dugc mua hoac trao ddi de lay gia siic, ciru, cd dai va nhua ciia cay xiem gai Mgt vai ngudi dan dng cdn lam viec nhu nhiing thg ren, mac dii thg thu cdng la cai ten ehung tdt nhat cho nhiing ngudi - nhirng ngudi da tao cac vat dung bang kim loai, vii va trang siic, sang tao gdm, cham nhirng chiee ghe gd va cac dung cu am nhae, det bdng va thugc da de lam nhiing vat bang da khac Tir dao Hdi duge truyen ba vao nhiing nam 1600, nhiing ngudi dan theo dao Hdi trd nen rat men khach, viec thd phung va ciing te td tien ciing duge siia doi va giai thieh lai de phu hgp vdi dao Hdi Mac du dao Hoi dugc chap nhan rdng rai va viec nghien ciiu luat ciia dao Hdi rat dugc kinh trgng, ngudi Zaghawa ciing nhu ngudi hdi giao d khip noi van phu thugc rat nhieu vao nhiing dieu me tin truyen thdng ciia hg De tranh su nguyen rila ciia "Mat quy"- mdt hien tugng ma hd va sg hai, hg thudng mang theo biia, xay nha chac chan va ehiim mat nhirng diia be d nhirng noi cdng cdng, Ngu'di Zulu lii Zulu la nhdm dan tdc ldn nhat d Nam Phi Hg noi tieng ve nhiing loai hat va nhiing cai gid day mau sic eung nhu nhiing vat dung nhd dugc tram khic khac Trong lich su, hg ndi tieng ve viec da danh bai quan ddi Anh tai Isanlwana Ngudi Zulu tin ring hg la chau ciia mdt til trudng d khu vuc Congo vao the ky XVI da di cu tdi mien nam va tiep nhan nhirng truyen thdng va phong tuc cua ngudi San sdng d Nam Phi Sudt the ky XVII va XVIII, nhieu tii trudng manh nhat da ky cac hiep ude va giao su kiem soat ngudi dan Zulu cho Anh, Su viec da gay nen nhieu xung dot bdi ngudi Zulu cd nhieu he thdng chinh quyen lang xa thugc giao trudng rat manh, Vi vay hg da dau tranh chdng lai ngudi Anh nhung khdng the chien thang vi hg khdng cd du sire manh, Cudi ciing nhieu viing cua ngudi Zulu bi giao nop cho ngudi Anh, sau ngudi Zulu quyet dinh rang hg khdng mudn d dudi su cai tri eua nude Anh, Vao nam 1879 chien tranh da nd giiia ngudi Anh va ngudi Zulu, Mac dii liic dau cdng nhung vdng thang ngudi Anh da che ngu Zulu, luu day vua eiia Zulu va phan chia Vuong qudc Zulu, Nam 1906, ngudi Zulu tiep tuc ndi day de eo gang gianh lai nhiing gi thugc ve vuong qudc cd xua cua hg, Ngudi Amzulu tin rang hg la eon chau rudt eiia tii trudng Zulu, cua mdt vi lanh tu Nguni d luu vuc Congo Vao the ky XVI, ngudi Zulu di cu tir phia Nam tdi lanh tho ciia hg, tiep nhan nhieu phong tuc ciia ngudi San, bao gdm ca nhiing am ndi tieng ngdn ngii hgc ciia viing dd, Trong sudt trieu dai ciia vua Shaka (18161826), ngudi Zulu trd mdt lire lugng Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG so 02 (66) thang 2/2011 Le Bi'ch Ngpc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mot so quan su hiing manh nhat d Nam Phi Dingaan, ngudi ky hiep ude vdi thuc dan Anh da theo hau Shaka, Mpande la vi vua tiep theo, dng da cho phep thuc dan Anh kiem soat rdng rai han tren dat nude ciia minh Nam 1872, dng chet thi ngudi Zulu da hoan toan bi thuc dan Anh kiem soat, Cetewayo, ngudi thay the Mpande, da cd gang vdng nam de tranh dugc su duong dau vdi thuc dan Anh, nhung den nam 1879 chien tranh van xay ra, Mac du luc dau ngudi Zulu da cd nhiing kinh nghiem cdng nhung quan ddi Anh van hoan toan chiem uu the, Chi khdng tdi nam, Cetewayo da bi luu day tdi Anh, va Vuong qudc Zulu bi phan chia theo lgi ich cua ngudi Anh, Cudc noi day cudi ciing ciia ngudi Zulu chdng lai su dd hd cila ngudi chau Au Bombatha lanh dao vao nam 1906, Nhiing nam gan day, trudng Gastha Buthelezi cd vai trd nhu ngudi lanh dao ve chinh tri cua Zulu, va la ngudi diing dau Dang Tu Inkatha da lanh dao cudc dau tranh chdng lai ehe Apartheid va Dang Dai hgi dan tgc Phi (ANC) de ddi tieng ndi cho dan tgc minh, Tdn giao: Ngudi Zulu tin vao vi than sang tao Nkulunkulu, nhung vi than khdng anh hudng tdi loai ngudi va khdng quan tam tdi cugc sdng hang ciia hg, Tuy nhien, hang ngudi Zulu van tiep xiic vdi cac linh hdn, De traa doi vdi cae linh hdn, ngudi Zulu phai sii dung cac phep bdi toan va cac ldi eau nguyen to tien, Theo hg, cac han va cae rui re khdng phai tu nhien xay ma la de tac ddng ciia cac phep thuat phu thily eiia quy dii hay eiia cac linh hdn bi xue pham, Ngudi Zulu hien te nhirng vat cac nghi le gidng vdi each ciia ngudi Hoi giao va , ngudi Do thai, Thuc te, ngudi Zulu dugc phan chia rat deu, 50% sdng d phd va lam cac cdng viee nha, cdn 50% lam tren cac ndng trai, Kinh te: Ngudi Zulu d viing ndng thdn chan nudi gia siic, trdng trgt cay ngii edc va rau de kiem ke sinh nhai, Dan dng thi cham sec dan bd, tha chg chiing gam cd d nhtrng viing dat rdng, nhirng ngudi phu nii thi lam hau het cac cdng viec trdng trgt va thu hoaeh, Phu nu: cung la nhiing ngudi chii cua gia dinh va ed quyen luc kinh te dang ke, O cac phd cua Nam Phi, ngudi Zulu, hay ndi diing hon la tat ca ngudi chau Phi deu phai lam nhirng cdng viec nang nhgc va ganh traeh nhiem ddi vdi edng viee nha Ngudi chau Phi thudng gap khd khan rat ldn tim kiem cdng viec vi hg deu chua dugc dag tao He thdng chinh tri: Lich sii cua ngudi Zulu la mdt bang chiing eho thay, nhirng ngudi lanh dao hay tdc trudng dugc trao quyen lire dua vao lich sii gia dinh eiia ngudi dd Ngudi se ddng gdp mdt phan quan trgng vao viee eai tri ben ciia khu vuc ngudi Zulu, va ciing thuc hien vai trd nhu ngudi phat ngdn eho dan tgc tren thi trudng qudc te Mac dii ngudi Zulu van chiu su quan ly cua ehinh quyen Nam Phi nhung hg van thudng xuyen len tieng chdng ddi va ddi cac quyen rieng ciia minh Tai lieu tham khao vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/chauphi www.africanholocaust.net/ www.africarace.com www,theafricanrace,com Lich sir chdu Phi (gidn yeu), Dd Diic Thinh, Nxb The Gidi, nam 2006 Tap chi nghien cihi CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG S6 02 (66) thang 2/2011 19^ ... da che ngu Zulu, luu day vua eiia Zulu va phan chia Vuong qudc Zulu, Nam 1906, ngudi Zulu tiep tuc ndi day de eo gang gianh lai nhiing gi thugc ve vuong qudc cd xua cua hg, Ngudi Amzulu tin rang... (18161826), ngudi Zulu trd mdt lire lugng Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG so 02 (66) thang 2/2011 Le Bi'ch Ngpc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mot so quan su hiing manh nhat d Nam Phi Dingaan, ngudi... va nhan nai Tap chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 02 (66) thang 2/2011 15 Le Bich Ngoc Ngu'di Tutsi, Zulu va mg^jO: Nhirng nguoi da tirng den tham chau Phi mai cam nhan dugc ve dep ciia no