Nghề thủ công và làng nghề thủ công truyền thống tiêu biểu của một số tộc người thiểu số tỉnh hà giang giá trị, chính sách và giải pháp bảo tồn, phát huy

Tgp chiDdn tpc twcjoSj^^Oj^ NGHE THU C N G VA LANG N G H £ THU CONG TRUYEN THONG TIEU BIEU CUA M O T SO TOC NGU^CJI THIEU S TINH HA GIANG: GIA TRI, CHINH SACH VA GIAI PHAP BAO TON, PHAT HUV' TS Bui Thi Bich Lan Vien Dan toe hoc Torn tdt: Bin nay, nghi thu cong vdn rdt quan trpng dai song sinh ke cua mpt so tpc nguai, cd a nhimg qudc gia co nen cong nghiep phdt trien Nhdn thuc ro dugc thi mgnh vd tiim ndng do, tinh Hd Giang dd khoi phuc vd phdt trien cdc nghe, ldng nghe truyin thing Vai su vdo cuoc ciia cdc cap chinh quyin, su ung hp cua mot so to chuc vd quyit tdm cua ngu&i ddn, nhiiu nghe vd ldng nghe thu cong tren dia bdn tinh da dugc bdo tin vd phdt huy cdc gid tri doc ddo, gop phdn bdo ton vdn hoa truyen thong, thdc ddy hogt dpng du lich, chuyen dich ca cdu lao dpng, gidm ngheo vd bdo ve moi truang Tic viec phdn lich nhirng thdch thuc dang ddt nhu thieu vung nguyen lieu, cham doi m&i cong nghe, kho tieu thu tgi cho vd tiep can thi truang ben ngodi, chua phdt huy het tiem ndng phuc vu du lich , bdi viet ndy chi nhieng hgn che ve chinh sdch vd de xudt mgt so gidi phdp nhdm bdo ton, phdt huy hieu qud han nira nhung gid tn vdn hoa doc ddo tieu bieu ciia cdc nghe vd ldng nghe thu cong tren dia bdn tinh Hd Giang th&i gian tai Tir khda: Nghe thii cong, ldng nghe thu cong, toe nguoi thieu so tinh Hd Giang Ngdy nhdn hdi: 23/8/2019; ngdy gui phdn bien: 26/8/2019; ngdy duyet ddng: 13/10/2019 Md aau Vdi muc tieu phat trign nganli nghg ndng thdn tren ea sd tan dung cac nguon lire dia phuang, phong trao '"Moi ldng mot sdn phdm''' cua Nhat Ban da Ian toa khdng chi trdn khap nude ma cdn dugc ap dung tai nhieu qudc gia trdn thd gidi, nhdt la d chau A, chau Phi Viet Nam la nude ndng nghigp vdi han 80% dan sd sdng d ndng thon ndn viec phat trign nganh nghe ndng thdn ndi chung va cac san pham mdi viing mien ndi rigng cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng Nhung nam qua nJian thuc dugc gia tri cac nghe va lang nghd truydn thdng, Chinh phii va cac bg/ban/nganh da trien khai nhidu chuang trinh, chinh sach nhSm bao tdn va phat trien cac lang nghe trdn pham vi ca nude, dd c^n kg ddn cae Nghi djnh quan trgng nhu Nghj dinh 66/2006/ND-CP; Nghj djnh 52/20! 8/ND-CP vd phat tridn nganh nghd ' Bai viel la ket qua ciia dS tai edp tinh Ha Giang (2018 - 2020): "•Nghien cim xay dung chinh sdch hao tdn va phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hoa imyen thong doc ddo (lieu biiu) cua cdc ddn toe thieu sd phuc vu phdi triin kinh te - xa hpi tinh Hd Giang" Vien Dan toe hpc chii tri, PGS.TS Nguyen Van Minh lam Chu nhiem d€ tai Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 nong thdn; Nghi dinh 98/2010/ND-CP vdi ehu truang tti, phuc hdi va phat tridn nghS thit cdng truySn thdng; Tren tinh than dd, tinh Ha Giang ciing rit chit trgng phat tridn cac nghd va lang nghS thit cong truyen thdng dira vao Igi the va tiem nang sSn cd nhSm tao viec lam eho ngudi lao dgng, phuc vu du lich, gdp phan bao tdn van hda cac tgc ngudi Tinh Ha Giang da dku tu ed ttong diSm vao cac nghe, lang nghe cd tiem nang de thitc iky "nganh cdng nghiep khdng khoi", nhat la phuc vu hoat dgng du lich trai nghiem, du lich lang nghi Dd lam r5 nhirng gia tri van hda ddc dao cita nghe thii eong va lang nghe thit cdng tieu bilu eiia tinh Ha Giang phat ttiin kinh te - xa hdi, ciing nhu dS xuat chinh sach va giai phap nhim bao tdn, phat huy cae gia tri van hda bdi canh mdi, tac gia da tiln hanh khao sat mgt sd nghi va lang nghe thtt cdng tieu bieu tai huyen cua tinh Ha Giang, cu thi la: \) Nhicng nghi vd ldng nghe da dugc chinh quyen dia phuang cdng nhdn^, gdm: det lanh cua ngudi Hmdng d xa Lung Tam, huyen Quan Ba; rugu ngd men la cita ngudi Hmdng d xa Thanh Van, huyen Quan Ba; dan lat cua ngudi Ca Lao d thdn Ma Tre, xa Sinh Ldng, huyen Ddng Van; theu det ciia ngudi Ld Ld d thdn Ld Ld Chai, xa Liing Cu, huyen Ddng Van; rugu nep ciia ngudi Tay d thon Quang Ha, xii Quang Nguyen, huyen Xin Man; det vai cua ngudi La Chi d thdn Na Leng, xa Ban Phiing, huyen Hoang Su Phi ; 2) Nhirng nghi chua dugc chinh quyen dia phuang cong nhdn nhung dd cd sdn phdm hdng hda, phuc vu du lich, gdm: dugc lieu ciia nguoi Dao d thdn Nam Diim, xa Quan Ba, huyen Quan Ba; cham bac cua ngudi Hmdng d thon Lao Xa, xa Sting La, huyen Ddng Van; dan lat cua ngudi Tay d thdn Quang Ha, xa Quiing Nguyen, huyen Xin Mitn; det vai ciia ngudi Dao d thdn Doan Ket, xa Hd Thiiu, huyen Hoang Su Phi; Gia tri van hda doc dao cua mgt so nghe va lang nghe thti cong truyen thong tieu bieu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi NhSm nang cao chit lugng dich vu du lich gin vdi phat trien kinh te ctia dan cu tren dia ban, thdi gian qua, eac ca quan/ban/nganh cua tinh Ha Giang da tap trung khdi phuc, phat triln cac lang nghd truydn thdng, phdi kit hgp va gin phat trien du lich vdi bao tdn, phat huy gia tri eae lang nghi Timg dia phugng ciing rat quan tam tuyen truyin nham khdi phuc lai cac lang nghi truyin thdng cd nguy co bi mai mdt Vdi su quan tam chi dao ctia chinh quyln cae eip va su quyit tam cita ngudi dan, cac lang nghe dugc md rdng, tao ' D k nay, cac nghg v i lang nghS dugc cong nhan huyen khao sat gSm huyen Dong Van c6 may mac trang phuc dan toe {thi trin Ph6 Bang), theu det (thon Lo Lo Chai, xa Lung Cu), det lanh (xa Sa Phin), dan lat (thon Ma Tri, xa Sinh Lung), ch^ tac khen Hmong (thon Ta C6 Van, xa Hfi Quang Phin), ren diic luoi cay (xa Ta Ung), lam huong nhang (thon Sinh Thiu, xa Sang Tung) Huyen Hoang Su Phi CO ehe bien che xanh Phin Ho (xa Thong Nguyen), may tre dan (xa Then Chu Phin), rucm thoc Nang Bon (xa Nang Don), che bien thao dugc (xa Nam Ty), det th6 cam Doan Ket (xa H6 ThSu), cham kh5c bac (xa Pa Ly Ngai), det vai (xa Ban Phimg) Huyen Xin MSn eo cham bac (thon Dong Tru, xa Ngan Chien), theu del (xa Nam Dan), may tre dan (thon Na Kang, xa Khuon Lung), chi bign che (thon Ban Ve, xa Na Tri va Che La), ntgu nep (thon Quang Ha, xa Quang Nguyen), raiSn dong va gao Gia Dui (xa Then Phang) Huyen Quan Ba co det lanh (xa Limg Tam, xa Can Ty) va rugu ngo Thanh Van (xa Thanh Van) Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc^djjzl^j^ hang loat san pham da dang vg man ma va cd chat lugng tdt, dap ung nhu cau sir dung cua ngudi dan va lam qua luu niem cho du khach va ngoai nude Cac nghd truyen thdng tieu bidu cd thd ke dgn d Ha Giang nJiu ddt vai, dan lat, lam giay ban, cham bac, ren due, lam khen, Trong bdi canh duang dai, chiu canh tranh khde liet vdi nganh edng nghiep san xuat hang tieu diing nhmig mdt sd nghd, lang nghg thu cdng van khang dmh dugc nhimg gia tri van hda dgc dao, gdp phan tich cue vao phat trien kinh tg - xa hgi eiia dia phuang / / Bao ton vdn hda toe ngu&i Tri thuc dan gian cac hoat ddng ciia nghe thii cdng la vd ciing phong phii, cd vj tri quan trgng viec bao tdn van hda San pham thii edng cua mdi tdc ngudi deu thg hien nhimg gia tri van hda dae sac rigng vdi cac thti phap ky thuat va nghe thuat tinh xao, dugc gin giir va luu truyen qua nhieu the he Qua trinh phue hdi, phat trien cac nghg va lang nghe da tirng budc nang cao nhan thuc cua chu thg van hda viec bao tdn va phat huy di san van hda ciia chinh hg Dd nang cao chat lugng san pham, dap ung nhu cau thi trudng, tinh Ha Giang da chi dao cac co sd day nghe d cac huyen, phd phdi hgp vdi eac nghe nhan md nhidu Idp dao tao nham nang cao trinh tay nghg cho ngudi dan, phat trien dgi ngii kg thira Do do, tri thiic dan gian eua cha dng dang dugc Idp tre tiep ndi Khi budc chan vao hgp tac xa (HTX) Lung Tam, chiing tdi bat gap nhung em be Hmdng ca trai va gai dang cam cui theu thua, vita dd kigm thdm thu nhap, vira gnip phat huy nghd truydn thdng gia dinh thdn Nam Dam, ngoai gid hgc, tre em ngudi Dao theo cha me di tim eay thudc tren rimg va tham gia cac cdng doan sa chd san pham dd ban cho HTX dugc lieu Vdi viec gidi thieu, quang ba qua du khach va eac cdng ty du ljch, tri thirc va van hda cac tdc ngudi da timg budc vuon thd gidi San pham ciia HTX det lanh Limg Tam dugc khach hang nhidu nude bidt ddn nhu Phap, My, Nga, Canada, Nhat Ban, Cac san phdm dugc lieu ciia ngudi Dao eung ddn tigp can mgt sd thi tru'dng tiem nang nhu Thuy ST, Ha Lan, Nam d cue Bac ciia Td qudc, tinh Ha Giang cd dudng bidn gidi dai 274km, giap vdi tinh Van Nam va Quang Tay cua Trung Qudc Vdi eua khdu Idn, cua khdu phu, han 30 chg bidn gidi va mdt sd Idi md dgc tuydn bign gidi, tinh Ha Giang cd nliigu thuan lgi dg phat trien kinh tg bien mau hanh lang kinh tg Viet Nam - Trung Qudc va cac nude khac Song, bdn canh nhimg ca hdi thuan Igi ciing dat nhigu vdn dd edng tac quan ly bien gidi nhu viec ngudi dan d khu vue bign gidi xudt canh trai phep dd kidm viec lam hoac kdt hdn khdng khai bao, hay nhidu trudng hgp ngudi Trung Qudc nhap canh trai phep vao Viet Nam Tinh trang khdng chi anh hudng tdi an ninh qude gia va vide quan iy nhan khdu, hd khau, ma cdn la su xam nhap d at cae san phdm van hda, hang tieu dimg tir ben bigii gidi TCr dd, van hda mgt sd dan tgc d tinh Ha Giang hien vira chju anh hudng van hda cua cac tdc ngudi nude, nhdt la ciia ngudi Kinh, vira cd su giao luu vdi van hda eiia cae tdc ngudi d qudc gia lang gidng Rigng vdn dd trang phue, ngoai xu hudng su dung trang phuc cua ngudi Kmh da kha phd bidn d Idp tre thi nghg det thii cdng ciia cac dan toe phai canh tranh vdi nhimg loai trang phue, trang sire, vai vdc, ehi then va eac phu kien det Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 - 2019 may nhap tit Trung Qudc Men dugc bay ban tran ngap cac chg vimg cao vdi mlu ma da dang, gia ca hgp ly Cay bdng, lanh va nghe det vai din ving bdng trudc su ap dao cua cac loai vai sgi tdng hgp, sgi ni-ldng; nghe cham bae cung bi thu hep xuit hien nhirng bg ttang site each tan, lam bang nhdm, thiec nhap vl tir Trung Qudc Theo ba Vii Thi Hda - Phd Chit tich UBND huyen Xin Man, khoang 90% ngudi Hmdng d huyen dang sit dung trang phuc, ttang site mua hi Trung Qudc Vi vay, tti va phat huy cac gia tti cua nghi va lang nghi trayen thdng cdn gdp phan bao tdn van hda ciia moi tdc ngudi ttong xu thi giao luu, hgi nhap vin dl eang cd y nghia, cac dan tgc Cg Lao, Ld Ld, Pu Peo la nhirng dan tgc cd dan sl it (dudi 10.000 ngudi) gap nhimg bat lgi viec giir gin ban sic van hda, nhung lai dugc ho trg de "hdi sinh" nghe thit cdng Ddi vdi hg, nggai muc tieu cai thien sinh kl, viec phuc hdi va phatttiennghe thii cdng cdn gdp phan quan trgng vao viee bao tdn van hda tde ngudi ttong cgng ddng cac diin tdc d tinh Ha Giang ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung 1.2 Thuc day hogt dgng du lich - Md hinh "du lich cdng ddng"; Den nam 2017, toan tinh Ha Giang da mat dugc 36 lang van hda du lich cdng ddng (LVHDLCD); dd can ghi nhan su tham gdp cua mdt sd nghe thu cdng viec phuc vii hoat ddng du lich ttiii nghiem cung nhu san xuitt qua Itm niem cho du khach Nghien cim cho thay, nhiing LVHDLCD ddn dugc lugng khach eao nhatttongtmh thudng ed nghe thii cdng truyen thdng, not du khach duge tim hieu va trat nghiem cac siin pham du lich lang nghe, ma tieu bieu la LVHDLCD Nam Dam Theo thdng ke ciia UBND xit Quan Ba, tit niim 2012 den nay, lang da ddn tren 10.000 lugt khach du lich ttong va nggai nude den tham quan; rieng nitm 2018 da ddn dugc 5.380 khach, tang 1.256 khach so vdi niim 2017 Cd dugc qua nay, khdng the phu nhan vai trd ciia HTX cgng ddng Nam Dam vdi nghi lam duge lieu ciia ngudi Dao Sir ddi eua HTX da giiip Nam Dam dap ting dugc mdt 10 tieu ehi theo tuyen bd Panhou doi vdi LVHDLCD la "co nghi truyin thdng" ma UBND tinh da dl nam 2012 tai Hdi nghi ttien khai xay dung lang van hda du lieh tieu bilu gin vdi "Ndng thdn mdi" Vdi dien tich 23ha cac loai cay ttong cung ling cho HTX va he thdng may mdc, dung eu hien dai, tit cay dugc lieu thd, HTX da chung cit cac san phim nhu cao atiso, cao manh gan, cao duong quy, tra gimg cao nguyen da, thudc tim, Ngoai trung bay, gidi thieu va ban cho du khach tai mdt gian hang dat d thdn, cac san phim ctia HTX cdn dugc bay ban tai cua hang d Ha Ndi, Hd Chi Minh va cac hpi ehg dl gidi thieu vdi ngudi tieu dimg tren ca nude Theo bao cao cua HTX, nam 2018, tdng doanh thu tit cac hoat ddng ban buon, ban le va dich vu tam la thudc la 1,63 ty ding; rieng dieh vg tim la thudc nam da thu hut dugc tren mgt trieu lugt du khaeh tham gia trai nghiem Khdng chi duge thu gian bing bai thudc tam cd truyen, du khach sau trai nghiem cdn cd thi mua san phim thudc tim ddng chai, cao thudc tam ve lam qua San phim dugc lieu, nhit la dich vu tim la thudc danh cho du khach da gdp phan quan trgng giip Nam Dam trd mdt dilm din hip dan va dugc chinh quyen huyen Quan Ba xem la rao hinh diem dl xiiy dung nhirng lang van hda khac Tgp chi Ddn tdc hpc sd5j^2019^ - Mo hinh "du lich ldng nghe": Qua md hinh nay, du khach vira duge muc sd thi cac quy trinh san xuat san pham, vira dugc trai nghiem tirng cdng doan san xuat Mdt sd tour du ljch lang nghd dang dugc cac huyen tieh cue kliai thac, HTX det lanh Limg Tam la mdt didm sang Ngoai cac don dat hang va ngoai nude ddi vdi san pham dang tang Idn theo thdi gian, lang nghd cdn la mdt diem ddn hap dan du khaeh tdi tham quan Dudng net hoa van tinh td, ky thuat ddc dao, ddi ngu nghe nhan tai hoa va ca nhung truyen thdng tot dep cua "van hda lang nghe" da dua xa Lung Tam mgt nhirng didm den hap dan cac tour du ljch Cao nguygn da Ddng Van Tir tu cung tu edp, theo chan du khach, san pham lanh da trd hang luu niem, dd trang tri dugc ua chugng d nude va vuon thi trudng the gidi Ngoai tidu thu tai dja phuang, eac san pham nhu det vai eua ngudi Ld Ld xa Liing Cii, dan lat ciia ngudi Tay xa Quang Nguyen hoac ngudi Ca Lao xa Sinh Limg, rugu ngd men la ctia ngudi Hmdng xa Thanh Van, rugu hoang cua ngudi Tay xa Quang Nguygn, , cung dugc sir dung va bay ban cho khach nghi homestay, tai cac khu du lich, nha hang d dia phuang va mdt sd tinh ca nude L3 Tgo viec ldm, chuyen dich cff edu lao dong vd gidm ngheo Nghg thii cdng ciia cac dan tdc da tao viec lam cho ngudi dan liic ndng nhan, cai thien sinh kg, ddng gdp cho phat trien kinh td - xa hdi d ndng thon Trgn dja ban tinh Ha Giang hien ed 39 lang nghg va lang nghg truygn thdng duge cdng nhan, vdi tdng sd hg tham gia la 1.971, giiip tao viec lam, nang cao thu nliap dn dinh eho gdn 4.000 lao ddng dja phuang (Pham Van Phii, 2018) HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam du mdi lap tir nam 2012 nhung da giai quydt vide lam cho 29 vign vdi miic thu nhap binh quan - trieu ddng/thang/ngudi Ngoai ra, rat nhieu hd gia dinh thdn khdng phai vidn nliung cung dugc hudng lgi tir vide trdng va ban nguyen lieu cho HTX Nam 2018, thdn Nam Dam chi eon 01 hd ngheo (5,8%) thu nhap binh quan cac hd thdn dat khoang 50 trieu dong/hg/nam Theo dng Ly Ta Den, Giam ddc HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam, nhidu ngudi dan thdn mudn la vign cua HTX ngn muc tigu den nam 2020 se tao vide lam cho khoang 100 lao dgng tai day San pham cua HTX rugu ngd Thanh Van da cd mat d nhieu tinh midn Bdc nhu Hai Phdng, Ha Ngi, Nam Dinh, Phii Thg, Thai Nguyen , vdi binh quan 80.000 lit rugu duge ban mdi nam, giai quydt viec lam eho han 40 hg xa vien vdi miie thu nhap khoang 4,5 trieu ddng/ngudi/thang Nghg det lanh d HTX Lung Tam khdng chi tao viec lam, nang cao thu nhap cho nhieu hd dan ma cdn thue ddy phat tridn du lich cho huyen Quan Ba Nam 2018, tdng doanh thu ciia HTX dat trdn 1,5 ty ddng, ban 120 hgi vidn da cd ngudn thu nhap trung binh - trieu ddng/ngudi/thang O thdn Lao Xa, ngudn thu - trieu dong/thang/ngudi cua nhung ngudi thg cham bac cung la rdt dang kg so vdi san xudt ndng nghiep Du gap nhidu khd khan tim kiem ddu cho san phdm, nhung 14/45 hd ngudi Co Lao d thdn Ma Tre van dang tri dgu dan edng vide dan lat, dem lai nguon thu dn djnh khoang - trieu ddng/thang/ngudi Jap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd -2019 Nhin chung, vdi ngudn thu ttr nghi thu cdng, ty le hd ngheo d cac lang nghi thu cdng ludn thip hon so vdi cac lang thuan ndng Cung nhu cae tinh mien nin khac, lao ddng ndng thon tinh Ha Giang dang ddi dao, thu nhap tit ndng nghiep bip benh dien tich giam va chat lugng dat xau lai chiu tac dgng cua thien tat; cdng viec lam thue hoae lam an xa luon uem an nhirng rui ro; Vi vay, van dl chuyin ddi mdt bd phan lao ddng tit san xuit nong nghiep sang nghe thii cdng gin vdi phuc vu san xuit va du lich tai dja phuong, giai quyet viec lam tai cho cho ngudi lao dgng d cac lang nghi la mgt hudng di dung din va cin thilt "Ly ndng bat ly huang" khdng chi la niim mong mdi cua moi ngudi dan ndng thon, miin niii ma cdn gdp phan tang cudng mdi gin kit tinh lang nghia xdm, ban chi tinh trang di diin ill va vugt bien di lam iin bat hgp phap d cae nude lang gilng, dam bao trat tu xa hpi dia phugng va an ninh qudc gia 1.4 Bao ve moi trudng sinh thai Moi trudng the gidi dang bi d nhiem khdng chi bdi cac khu cdng nghiep, thai ma rac thai tit chinh vat dung ma ngudi sit dung hang ngay, vi the "trd ve vdi tu nhien" dang va se la xu hucmg tieu dung ciia the gidi, nhat la d eac nude phat trien, nhitng xa hdi van minh Do dd, nhieu lang nghe d Ha Giang tap trung phat trien san xuat cac san pham sach, hiru ca, than thien mdi trudng vdi chat lugng, gia tri cang dugc nang len Nhieu san pham ciia cac lang nghe truyen thdng khdng nhu'ng dugc tieu thu d va ngoai tinh ma cdn xuat khau thi trudng the gidi HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam, ngudn gen cay thudc tam cua ngudi Dao dii dugc bao t6n thdng qua eac hoat ddng thu hai ben vihig tir rirng; nhan gidng, cham sdc cay thudc tai vudn hd gia dinh; ddng thdi eac xa vien cung nghien cim trdng lai mgt sd loai co nguy ea tuyet ehung tu nhien Den nay, HTX da cd vudn uom cay dugc lieu rgng 3.000m , luu giG hon 100 loai cay, sd lugng loai dang tiep tuc bd sung, nhitn gidng Vdi muc tieu bao ve, than thien vdi mdi trudng, ngudn nguyen lieu ciia HTX dugc ap dung ky thuat gieo trdng theo tieu chuin GACP - WHO {Thuc hdnh tdt trot vd thu hdi cua Td chite Y tl the gidi), dam bao mdi trudng chi biln an loan Nhftng san phiim duge lieu cua HTX dugc chimg nhan khdng chira cae tac nhan gay benh nhu chat dgc sinh hgc, hda chat Ciing vdi su "hdi sinh" nghi dan lat cua ngudi Ca Lao (thdn IVla Tre, xa Sinh Lung) va ngudi Tay (thdn Quang Ha, xa Quang Nguyen), nghi det vai ciia ngudi Hmdng (xa Limg Tam) hoae ngudi Ld Lo (thdn Ld Ld Chat, xa Lung Cu) , cac cay nguyen lieu cd truyen nhu tre, trite, may, bdng, lanh din din duac phuc hdi De dn dinh nguyen lieu san xuat, gin day HTX det lanh Liing Tam van ddng xa vien md rdng vai hecta cay lanh moi nam Day la loai cay de trdng d nai hau mat me, khdng cin nhilu nude, khdng ua phan bdn San phim lanh Liing Tam khiin khach nude ngoai ua chugng la dg det tit sgi lanh tu nhien, Uiong pha sgi tdng hgp, vi thi cd uu dilm la mat, nhe, dl bi phan huy va dugc xem la "than tiiien vdi mdi trudng" Tai thdn Ma Tri, thay vi chi khai thac nguyen lieu san cd tren rimg -2019 Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 mdi hd ngudi Co Lao cung dang tich cue trdng eac loai tte, true quanh noi cu tni - nhiing Igai ciiy vdn cd sue sdng miinh liet, khdng ddi hdi ky thuat hay edng site cham sdc Cac loat cay trdng cdn gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng dat; vi thi d nhimg noi dat bi thoai hda, bac mau thi ngudi dan trdng tre, tnic nhu mdt each de khoi phuc dinh dudng ditt dai Nganh cdng nghiep siin xuat hang tieu dimg cang phat trien da khien cac siin phim thii cdng truyin thdng mat dan chd dung Do lgi the ve gia thanh, cae san pham cdng nghiep dang din ehilm linh thi trudng Tuy nhien, chimg ta cung dang dugc chimg kien su "len ngdi" ctia cac san pham thii cdng cd tinh tham my cao, cd su ket tinh tai nang, tam huyet ciia nhiing ngudi thg, tham dam viin hda tdc ngudi, nhat la an toan cho sire khde, than thien vdi mdi trudng Chinh nhirng gia tri ay se khien cho san pham thd cdng truyen thdng van cdn chd dimg tren thj trudng tugng lai 2, Chinh sach bao t6n va phat huy gia tri van hda ciia cac nghe, lang nghe thii cong truyen thong tiSu bieu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi d* tinh Ha Giang thdi gian qua 2.L Chinh sdch vd nhicng ket qud dgt dicffc Nham biio tdn va phat trien cac nghe thii cdng truyen thdng phuc vu du lich, nhirng nam qua tinh Ha Giang da van dung liidi boat cae co che, chinh sach ciia Trung utrag, day manh cdng tac quan ly, long ghep cac ngudn kinh phi nham giup cac lang nghi tao nhirng san pham the manh, dac thu ciia tdc ngudi va dia phuang Nam 2005, Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat triln nong thdn da xay dung dl an "Chuang trinh phdt triin mdi ldng mdt nghi giai dogn 2006 - 2015", gin vdi triln khai Chuang trinh qudc gia vl xay dung ndng thdn mdi giai doan 2010 - 2020 Theo dd, mdi lang se tu chgn va quyet dinh hinh thanh, phat ttien mgt nghe vdi nhilu hg va dganh nghiep tham gia; moi xa quyet dinh phat triln it nhit mdt lang nghi cd san phim dac trung ciia dia phuong Tren co sd do, UBND tinh Ha Giang da ban hanh Di dn Quy hogch tdng thi phdt triin ngdnh nghi ndng thdn giai doan 2011 - 2020 tai Quyit dinh sd 1026/QD-UBND 1/6/2012 va giao cho cac sd, nganh, cac td chirc, doan thi cac cip, UBND cae huyen, phd can cit chirc nang, nhiem vii, ITnh vue, pham vi quan ly td chuc triln khai, tuyen truyin, van ddng din ngudi dan Chuang trinh 62-CTr/TU 29/3/2013 ctia Tinh uy Ha Giang vl phat ttiln van hda gan vdi du lich, giai doan 2013 - 2020 eung dat nhiem vu bao tdn, khdi phuc cac lang nghi truyin thdng Nam 2016, UBND ttnh Ha Giang ban hanh Quyit dinh s6 2490/QDUBND ve "Phi duyet Di dn Phdt triin cde sdn phdm ndng nghiep vd sdn phdm ldng nghi phuc vu du lich, giai dogn 2016 - 2020"; chi dao cac huyen, phd va cae nganh chiic nang tap trung khdi phuc, day manh phat triln cac lang nghi truyin thdng, gin phat ttiln du lich vdi bao tdn va phat ttiln cac lang nghi; dd diu tu cd trgng dilm vao mgt sd nghi kha thi, cd hieu qua khai thac cao Dg khuyin khich phat triln du lich, Nghi quyit sd 35/2016/NQ-HDND ciia Hdi ddng nhan dan tinh Ha Giang dugc ban hanh 21/7/2016 da quy dinh rd chinh sach hd tra san xuit cac san phim thii cdng truyin thdng phuc vu du Tap chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 lich, nhu: cac san pham thudc cac lang nghe dii dugc UBND tinh edng nhan hoac da cd du an diu tu phat ttien lang nghe ma UBND cap huyen phe duyet thudc quy hoach phat trien lang nghi cua tinh dugc hd trg 20 trieu ddng/1 td chuc, ca nhiin; ho trg lai suat tien vay cho tl chdc, ca nhan kinh doanh hoac vita san xuat vita boat dcing kinh doanh san pham thit cdng truyin thdng phuc vu du lich; hd trg 100% lai suat tien vay thdi gian niim, muc tien vay dugc hd ttg lai suiit tgi da khdng qua 100 trieu ddng/td chuc, ca nhan hoat ddng san xuat kinh dganh tai cac lang van hda du ljch cdng ddng; hd trg 100% liii suat tien vay thdi gian niim, mite tien vay dugc hg trg lai suat tdi da klidng qua 200 trieu ddng/hgp tac xit, lang nghe thu cdng truyen thdng dugc UBND tinh edng nhan hoac da cd du an dau tu phat triln lang nghi UBND cap cd tham quyen phe duyet thudc quy hoach phat trien lang nghe theo timg giai doan cua tinh Ngoai cac van ban tren, mdi huyen, xa thudc tinh cung xay dung, trien khai cac Nghi quyet, Quyit dinh, D I an, Kl hoach, Chuong ttinh hanh ddng vl bao ton va phat huy cac gia tri van hda gin vdi phat trien du lich, dd cd viee khai thac gia tri cac nghe, lang nghi tmyIn thdng Hang loat quyit dinh phe duyet de an xay dung cac LVHDLCD dugc cac huyen ban hanh, tao nen nhiing dilm va tuyIn du ljch ddng bd vdi cac san phim van hda dgc dao cua mdi dan tgc, vitng miin Tit dd, nghe va lang nghi truyen thdng ciia eac dan tde trongttnhkhdng ngimg md rgng, phat trien Tit nhirng chinh sach tren, eac hoat ddng phat triln nghe va lang nghe thu cdng ttuyen thong da dugc triln khai tich cue, hieu qua tren dia ban tinh nhu thim dinh cac hd sg cdng nhan nghi, lang nghi truyin thdng; quy hoach phat triln cac cum tieu thti edng nghiep - lang nghi, hd trg kinh phi hgp phin khuyin cdng cho lang nghi; tim kilm, du bao thi trudng, hiln khai xiie tiln thuang mai; quan ly, bao tdn, khai thac cac gia ni van hda lang nghe; phat hiln lang nghi gin vdi du lich, td chiic cac tour, tuyIn du lich gin vdi cac lang nghe, Nhu da trinh bay d tten, din tren dia ban tinh da cd 39 lang dugc cdng nhan la lang nghe va lang nghi truyin thdng; thg gidi nghi dugc cdng nhan la nghe nhan uu tti hoac nghe nhan dan gian; lap miyln day dugc md tai cac tnrdng hgc va cac dia phuong; Dac biet, gan vdi chugng ttinh xay dung Ndng thdn mdi, cac HTX nghi thti cong dugc hinh va cang thi hien dugc vai trd ttg giup eho cac hd, nhdm hd nang cao thu nhap, phat trien kmh te gia dinh 2.2 Mot sd vin de dgt xay dung vd hodn thien chinh sach Ben canh nhitng kit qua dang ghi nhan, cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hoa ddc dao ciia mdt sd nghi, lang nghi thii cdng phat trien kinh te - xa hdi tinh Ha Giang vln tdn tai nhirng bit cap, cin bd sung va hoan thien vl eg chi, chinh sach va giai phap hd trg Trong do, dang chit y la mdt sd van de sau: - Mdt Id, vdn di dam bdo nguyin lieu sdn xudt, Diiy la tinh trang khd khiin chung ciia cac nghi va lang nghi dugc khao sat Viec md rdng quy md san xuat d HTX cdng ddng Nam Tgp chiDdn tpc hpc^^£5j^2019_ Dam khd thuc hien HTX ehua ehu ddng dugc ngudn dugc lieu Vao mua du lich, nhu cau tam la thudc ciia du khach tang cao, ndn san pham cua HTX khdng du phuc vu De khae phue, HTX da phai mua thdm nguyen lieu d nai khac, va nhu vay chdt lugng ngudn nguydn lieu da ndm ngoai tam kiem soat cua HTX Dy kign thdi gian tdi, HTX se dau tu san xudt gidng, ban hoac cap eho ba huyen de md rdng vimg dugc lieu Tuang tu, van dd ciing xay ddi vdi eac vign HTX det lanh Lung Tam, HTX thgu det lang Ld Ld Chai, Ca hdi tidp can thi trudng thg gidi ciia san pham lanh Lung Tam la rat kha thi, nhimg ngudn nguyen hdu dd md rdng san xuat lai la bai toan khd eho HTX Quy dat han hep, trign vgng ciia nghd cung chua dii thuydt phuc ngudi Hmdng nai day bd ngd lua dg trdng lanh HTX thdu det lang Ld Ld Chai, thay vi trdng bdng ddt vai nhu truydn thdng, mgt phdn nguydn lieu ciia HTX lai la mua vai lanh ciia mgt sd vien ngudi Hmdng tu trdng lanh, ddt vai hoac thu mua thdm d quanh viing; phan cdn lai la vai sgi cdng nghigp mua tir noi khac cua tinh Ha Giang, Ha Ndi, hoac tir Trung Qudc Giii dugc nghd trdng bdng, det vai dd san pham lam hoan toan mang dac trung cua ngudi Ld Ld ndi ridng hay cac dan tgc khac ndi chung la thi hieu va nhu eau ciia du khaeh, nhat la du khach nude ngoai Chil nhiem HTX theu det lang Ld Ld Chai - ba Vang Thi Xuyen da noi: "Do khong bong, det vdi nen cdc sdn phdm cua HTX dugc bdn thi trudng Id su ket hgp giua ky thuat lanh, xe sgi, det vdi cua ngu&i Hmong v&i ky thuat nhugm khdu, theu ciia nguai Lo Lo Ddy cung Id ly khien cdc sdn phdm ldm chua thuc sir ldm hdi long khdch hdng nuac ngodi'" Ridng nghd dan lat ciia ngudi Co Lao d thdn Ma Trd hay ngudi Tay d thdn Quang Ha, rimg bi thu hep, nguygn lieu tre, tnic tai chd ludn thidu, nhieu liic phai nhap tir cac noi khac da lam tang gia san pham Nhu vay, chi klii chu dgng dugc ngudn nguyen lieu, cae nghg, lang nghg mdi ed the tinh dgn viec bao tdn va phat huy ben vung cac gia trj dac trung cua san pham, thuc hien muc tieu phat tridn quy mo san xuat va phat trien thi trudng tidu thu - Hai Id vdn de doi m&i cong nghe Do hd trg ciia chinli quydn va mgt sd td chuc quoc td ngn chi mgt sd nghd nhu dugc lieu d Nam Dam hay ddt lanh d Limg Tam mdi ed thd ddi mdi dugc cdng nghe, tir tang kha nang canh tranh, hudng tdi thi trudng rdng Idn Cac lang nghd khac, vi cham ddi mdi cdng nghd, thieu trang thigt bi hien dai da dSn dgn quy md san xudt nhd le, mdu nia gian don nliung gia san phdm lai cao, siic eanh tranh thdp Theo mgt sd thg dan lat d thdn Ma Trd hay Quang Ha, gia san phdm chua tuong ximg vdi cdng sue hg bd ra, mang di gidi thieu va bay ban tai cac chg, hdi ehg , sue tidu thu rdt cham phai canh tranh vdi nhirng san pham d dia phuong khac vd bgn dep, thdm my va gia ca Vide thudng xuygn cai tign man ma, su dung may mdc dg giam chi phi dau vao mdt sd cdng doan san xudt (nhu may che nan, say khd, danh bdng dan lat; may bat bdng, tach hat xe sgi ddt vai ) la ddi hdi tdt ydu dd san phdm thu edng cd chd dimg tren thi trudng, nhien vdn dd Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc sd5-2019 chua thuc su duge quan tam hoae dii dugc quan tiim nhtmg each thirc triln khai cdn bit cap nen chua dem lai hieu qua d mdt sd diem khao sat^ Ba Id, vdn di bdo tdn vd phdt huy gdn vdi phdt triin du lich, Nghi quyit sd 35/2016/NQ-HDND dugc xem la viin ban the hien quan tam ciia tinh vl ho trg phat triln cac nghi thii cdng, trgng dd quy dinh cac mite hd trg lai suat tien vay ddi vgi td chirc/ca nhan hoat dgng san xuat, kinh doanh nghe thti cdng phue vu du lich Song, sau gan nam trien khai, rit it hg san xuat cd nhu ciiu dugc hd trg; vi theo hg thi trudng tieu thu va kien thirc vl san xuat, kinh doanh cdn han che nhu hien thi vdn tai chinh chua that ciip thiet Viec gin nghe, lang nghe thti edng vdi phat trien du lieh mdi chi budc dau cdng d mgt sd me hinh du lich cdng ddng (thdn Nam Dam) hay du lich lang nghe (xa Lung Tam) Sd cdn lai, dii san pham da tham gia tnmg bay tai cac hdi chg, cac diem du ljch nhtmg van chua "ket nil" duge vdi ngudi tieu dung, du khach Chiit lugng, mau ma, tinh xao, tinh thdi trang chua thi canh ttanh vdi siin pham cua dia phuang khac Ngay tai cac LVHDLCD nhu Ld Ld Chiii, Quang Ha, Na Leng thi nghe truyen thdng d diiy van md nhat vai ttd phuc vu du lichttainghiem, du Hch lang nghe Du khach se thay hiip diin hem, diing chan lau ban va chi tiln nhilu han nlu dugc gidi thieu va chimg kien quy ttinh san xuat ciia cac nghe thti cdng, nhung d cac LVHDLCD dugc khao sat thi boat ddng chua duge khai thac hoac khai thac thilu tinh chuyen nghiep Chua thiy cd trung bay gidi thieu va ban san phim hoae nlu cd ciing kha so sai, thilu site hip din, da khiin cho hieu qua cua viec gidi thieu, quang ba va ban cac san phim thii edng ciia cgng ddng tai gia dinh, ttong cac Nha van hda va homestay chua cao Hon nira, viec cac nha van hda cdng ddng ctia thdn va cac homestay sit dung va trtmg bay eac sin phim thii cdng ttuyln thdng cua dan tdc la cin thilt nham tao khdng gian van hda dam chitttuylnthong eiing nhirng ttai nghiem chan thuc cho du khach, ddng thdi la co hdi de gidi Ihieu, quang ba va ban san phim cua cdng ddng The nhimg, d ban het cac LVHDLCD hien nay, ca nha van hda cgng ddng va homestay edng viec rat ban che - Bdn la, vdn di chdt luang ngudn nhdn luc, Ty le lao dgng qua dao tao cac lang nghi rit thip, gay khd khan cho viec sang tao, tim kilm mau ma mdi, cai din ky thuat, nang cao chit lugng san phim Mdt sd nghe nhan tai cac lang nghi dugc hd trg hgc tap kinh nghiem d eac ngi nhung trd vl lai khdng ap dung dugc cho san pham ciia minh Mdt phin thdi gian hgc tap va trai nghiem chua dii, phin khac trinh va su' nhay ben ctia ngudi hgc cdn ylu "Tit dia phuang din toan ciu" la nguyen tac dau tien ciia OVOP toan ciu, ddi hdi cac san phim thit cdng lam ein dugc thilt ki; mdi hoae cai tien phu ' Then Quydt dinh 755/QD-TTG ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu vc viec ho tro cho dong bao dan loc thicu so ngheo vS ho ngheo ft xa, thon, ban dac biet kho khan, lang nghS dan lat thon Ma Tre da dugc ho trp may che nan danh cho t6 dan lat Tuy nhien, tlieo ong Truong thon, khong duoc tap huan ky thuat su dung cung nhu chjl lupng may khong dam bao nen nhung chijc may dang tinh trang "diip chieu", du chua lung qua SIT dung ' OVOP la phong trao "Mfti lang mot san phim", duoc khfti phai ft Nhan Ban tir nam 1979 tai lang Oyama, tmh Oita, nhu mpt di6n hinh cua viec phat tti^n nganh nghi nong ihon tren eo so tan dung cae nguon luc dm phuong ^8 Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc sd5^:^2019^ hgp thj higu cua ngudi tigu dimg d thi trudng dich, bao gdm tieu diing va xuat khau tai cho, thdng qua cac didm du lich, xuat khau qua bien gidi Tuy nhien, ndu khdng ed su ho trg vd dao tao ngudn nhan lire dd dugc trang bi kip thdi nhuTig kign thuc nhat dinh vg kinh doanh, ve san xuat va marketing thi hau hgt cac nghg, lang nghd se khdng the xay dung chien luge dd md rgng thi truimg cho san pham ciia minh Su ban chd ve trinh va ky nang quan ly, didu hanh ciia ngudi dimg dau cac HTX, cac ca sd san xuat da anh hudng dgn kha nang tim kigm, du bao thi trudng, trien khai xiic tign thuang mai, lign kgt san xuat ciing nhu tigp can ea chd chinh sach, nhat la ddi vdi nhimg lang nghe hudng ddn muc tigu xuat khdu thi trucmg nude ngoai - Ndm Id, vdn de phdt trien dpi ngd ke thua Dao tao, trao truygn nghe thu cdng truyen thdng cho Idp tre da dugc cac cap chinh quyen d Ha Giang quan tam tridn khai qua mgt sd boat dgng cu the nhu cdng nhan nghe nhan; md Idp truydn day cac trudng hgc, d cac dia phuang; td chiic di tham quan, hgc tap d cac dia phuang tinh, nude va nude ngoai, Song, ket qua khao sat tai mgt sd diem nghidn ciiu nhu xa Sinh Liing, xa Quang Nguygn, xa Liing Cii cho thay, can xem lai tinh hieu qua ciia hoat dgng vi hieu qua khdng cao Ngudn kinh phi chi tra cho nghe nhan giang day cae gid van hda truygn thdng d cac trudng hgc chii yeu duge lay tir Quy boat dgng ciia Trung tam hgc tap cdng ddng va Hdi nghd nhan dan gian ndn muc chi tra cho cac nghe nhan rat thap, ehi khoang 50.000 - 60.000d/budi/ngudi giao thdng di lai khd khan, miic thii lao qua thdp nen viec thu hiit dugc cac nghe nhan cao tudi - nhimg ngudi dugc xem la "bau vat nhan van sdng" vao cdng viec kha khd khan, dan den chat lugng day va hge thidu hieu qua Dang hm y, thay vi chi trdng ehd ngudn kinh phi dugc cap, viec huy dgng su dong gdp ciia ngudi dan (10.000 ddng/hg/thang) dd tang muc thu lao chi tra cho nghe nhan da cho thdy mgt each lam sang tao cua chinh quydn va ngudi dan xa Pd Ld, huyen Hoang Su Phi Phd chii tich xa ba Tai Thi Riu cho bidt: "V&i cdch ldm ndy nghe nhdn a day dugc trd 150.000 d/buoi dgy vi the nhiet tinh tham gia han Do phdi dong gop nguon kinh phi hdng thdng nen cdc gia dinh ciing co y thuc tich cue hon viec tgo dieu kien cho em minh tham gia cde gia hpc vdn hoa truyen thong" Vide bd tri dua cac nghd thii cdng truygn thdng vao truygn day nha trudng vao nhung gid ngoai khda nhu dang tridn khai ciing chua that hgp ly chucmg trinh giao due chinh khda d cae bac hgc da tuong ddi nang vdi rdt nhieu mdn hgc; thdm vao do, ngoai gid hgc chinh khda, cac em ciing can phu giiip viec nha cho gia dinh Caeh bd tri thdi gian nhu vay da gdp phdn lam cho viec van ddng hgc sinh tham gia cae lap truygn day gap khd khan han va chua dat dugc kgt qua nhu mong mudn Do ngudn kinh phi ciing nhu thdi gian td chirc eo hep ndn vide dua eac nghe nhan di tham quan, hgc tap kinh nghiem d cac dja phuang va ngoai tinh chua thuc su mang lai hieu qua Cac nghe nhan da phdn da Idn tudi ndn vide tidp thu ky thuat, cdng nghe mdi chi mdt, hai la khong hg de dang Han niia, ndu tidp thu duoc ky thuat mdi thi viec ap dung vao quy trinh san xuat cdn ddi hdi phai cd may mdc, thidt bi phii hgp, Bdt cap da diln nghd nhan d mdt sd dia phuang da nhidu lan dugc di hgc tap kinh nghiem ciia cac Tap chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 -2019 lang nghi d va ngoai tinh nhung chua thi ap dung dugc cho san phim cita minh thilu kmh phi dau ttr thiet bi san xuit nhu trudng hgp eua cac ngudi thg cham khic bac d thon Lao Xa; hay da dugc hd trg thiet bi san xuit nhung khdng dugc tap huin ky thuat su dung nhu trudng hgp cua cac nghe nhan dan lat d thdn Ma Tri - Sdu la, vdn de huy dgng cdc ngudn luc vd liin kit sdn xudt theo chudi gid tri, Thuc tl cho thiy, mdt nhitng yeu td tao nen "thuang hieu" cho cac nghi, lang nghi la su kit hgp giira cac nha quan ly, nha khoa hgc, cac doanh nghiep vdi cac ca sd san xuit D I tao nen su cdng ciia HTX edng ddng Nam Dam, cin ghi nhan su giup do, phdi hgp ctia nhilu td chiic nhu Bd mon Thuc vat (Trudng Dai hgc Duge Ha Ndi), Cdng ty cd phin Dugc khoa (DK Pharma, Trudng Dai hgc Dugc Ha Ndi), Cdng ty Thao dugc cao nguyen da, Cdng ty Thung liing dugc lieu xanh Viet Nam, UBND huyen Quan Ba, UBND xa Quan Ba, Dae biet la su vao cugc ciia Quy Mdi trudng toan cau vdi Du an "Gdp phdn bdo tdn ngudn gen cay thuoc cua nguai Dao vd cdi thien sinh ki cgng ddng thdng qug dich vu tdm Id thudc vd cdc sdn phdm tic cdy thudc a xd Qudn Bg, huyen Qudn Bg, tinh Hd Giang" da mang lai nhimg hieu qua tich cue eho ngudi dan Viec phdi hgp nhilu id chirc, nhit la lien kit vdi doanh nghiep tieu thu san pham da giup cho HTX dang cd nhiing budc di kha vimg chac thi trudng nude va bat dau tien thi trudng nude ngoai Tuang tu, mdi lap, thdng qua Hgi Phu nir huyen, HTX det lanh Lung Tam dii cd chuang trinh hgp tac Viet Nam - Thuy St va dugc hd trg mgt phan kinh phi de dua ky thuat nhugm mau vao san xuiit, tim cac ngudn dat hang; ddng thdi ky ket vdi td chite budng nghiep qudc tl cua Phap (Association Batik Intemational) de md lap nang eao tay nghe may, det thd cam Tiep dd, su hup tac vdi td chiic Craft Link (thdng qua Trung tiim Nghien ciiu hang thit cdng my nghe Viet Nam) dia giup HTX cd nhieu ea hgi tdt de gidi thieu, quang ba san pham cho cac doan khach du lich qudc te va thi trudng nude ngoai Tir hai mo hinh san xuat neu tren, rd rang viee huy ddng nhilu ngudn luc hd trg va tham gia lien ket san xuiit theo chudi gia tri la ciin thiet ttong bdi canh cac nghi, lang nghi d Ha Giang viin phat trien ehd yeu la tu phat, cham ddi mdi ky thuat, chua cd thuang hieu, nhan mac hang hda, it kiln diuc vl thi trudng, sire canh tranh thip, Han nira, kinh phi hgp phin khuyen cdng cita tinh cho lang nghe da dugc cdng nhan cdn han chi; sit phdi hgp vdi Phdng Cdng thuang, Trung tam Van hda & Du lich cua mdt huyen dl hd trg quang ba, gidi thieu, tim dau cho san pham da triln khai nhtmg chua tag hieu qua rd ret Giai phap bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda cua nghi va lang nghi thu cfiiig truyin thdng tieu bilu phSt triln kinh tl - xa hgi Ket qua khao sat eho thiy, su phat triln bin vung cac nghe, lang nghe thii edng truyen thing phu thudc vao cac chinh sach hd trg ctia Nha nude, cac cap ehinh quyln va cac id chiic Dl cac nghi, lang nghi truyin thdng khdng chi la khdng gian bao tdn van hda ciia dong bao dan tde ma cdn tao nhang nguon sinh kl mdi giup ngudi dan nang cao thu nhap, cai thien ddi sdng, bai vilt xin dua mgt sd giai phap vl mat chinh sach nhim bag tdn va 60 Tap chi Ddn tpc hoc so - 2019 phat huy tdt han niia nhiing gia tri van hda tidu bidu ciia cac nghe, lang nghe thii cdng o tinh Ha Giang bdi canh hien Ve tdng thg can xay dung va thuc hidn cdng De an hoac Du an ve: "Phat tridn bdn vung cac nghe va lang nghe thu cdng truydn thdng gop phan phat tridn kinh tg - xa hdi tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2021-2030 va tdm nhin ddn nam 2045" Trong tap trung vao mgt sd hgp phan sau: - Quy hogch viing sdn xudt nguyen lieu tap trung, hgn che nhdp nguyen lieu va sdn phdm phi thii cong tic nai khde nhdt Id tic Trung Quoc: Vdi mgt sd nghd nhu dan lat, ddt vai thi cac cdng doan tir trdng, thu hoach ddn sa che nguygn lieu phai tdn klia nhigu cdng siic; hon nira dien tich trdng cac loai cay quy dat ciia mdi hd gia dinh ciing khdng cdn niia Viee dam bao nguygn lieu dau vao nham md rdng quy md san xuat, hudng tdi thi trudng rdng Idn dang la mdt thach thiic ddi vdi mgt sd nghd, lang nghe thii cdng cd tidm nang phat tridn Vi vay cdn co chinh saeh ho trg md rgng dien tich viing trdng nguydn lieu tap trung, dam bao dugc ngudn nguydn lieu tai chd dd phuc vu san xuat, dd phai chii y theo hudng chuyen mdn hda san xuat, gan vdi quy hoach phat trien cac ca sd san xuat va dam bao hieu qua ben viing Vide xay dung cac viing nguydn Hdu tap trung (tre, tnic, bdng, lanh ) ngoai muc dich eung cap ngudn nguydn lieu dn dinh cdn gop phan bao vd mdi trudng sinh thai, tang che phii va kha nang phdng hd ciia rimg, chdng xdi Id dat tai cac viing dau ngudn, ven sdng, ven suoi - Tiep tuc ndng cao chdt luang nguon nhdn luc: Dd dam bao ngudn nhan luc lau dai cho cac nghe va lang nghe, bgn canh tigp tuc lam hd sa de nghi cac cap cdng nhan danh hieu "Nghe nhan uu tii"; day manh cdng tac cdng nhan danh hieu "nghe nhan dan gian" cho nhiing ngudi gidi nghg, ddng thdi can dam bao chg dai ngd thda dang eiing nhu tang kinh phi hoat ddng cho cac Hdi nghd nhan dan gian cac edp, nhat la edp xa Xa hgi hda ngudn kinh phi dd tang miic thii lao chi tra cho eac nghe nhan thuc hidn nhiem vu trao truydn cho thg he sau nhu mdt sd dia phuang dang tridn khai la each lam cdn dugc tham khao De giam ap luc ve thdi gian hge d trudng, nen tim each nghign eiiu bd tri cac gid hgc van hda truydn thdng bao gdm nghd thii cdng gid chinh khda, cd thd ldng ghep mdt so mdn hge theo chuang trinh cua Bd Giao due & Dao tao nhu mdn Thu cdng, Ky thuat (edp Tieu hgc) hay mdn Cdng nghe (edp Trung hgc ea sd), Phat trign ngudn nhan luc chinh la chia khda dd phat tridn lang nghe, day la mdt nguydn tde ca ban cua OVOP toan cdu, the nhung d cac didm nghign ciai, sd lugng va chdt lugng cua nhirng ngudi thg thu edng, nhimg ngudi cd tam huyet vdi nghg dang giam ddn theo thdi gian Vi thg, xay dung ngi dung dao tao nghg cu thg va phii hgp cho cae nghd, lang nghd cd tidm nang phat trign la vide lam can tinh dgn Trong dd can cd ca chg bigu duong, thudng tign cho nhirng nghd nhan tam huyet, cho nhiing hgc vidn gidi Idp kd thira; xay dung nhimg khda tham quan, hgc tap, trao ddi kinh nghiem dd nang cao tay nghe cho nhung nghd nhan, nhirng ngudi thg gidi nghg nhung cdn dam bao vd mat thdi gian ciing nhu kinh phi de co hieu qua hon, nhdt la ngudi dan cd thd Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc sd'S - 2019 ap dung ky thuat mdi cho san phdm cua hg thi khdng thd khdng tinh dgn vide hd trg ddu tu thigt hi san xuat, tim kiem dau cho san phdm - Tiep tuc ho trg xuc tien thuang mgi vd lien ket sdn xudt theo chudi gid tri: Ddy manh hon niia vide hd trg cac ca sd san xuat lang nghg vd xay dung thuong hieu, nhan mac truy xuat ngudn gdc gan vdi quang ba, gidi thidu, tim kidm md rgng thi trudng tidu thu san phdm a tai dia phuong ciing nhu va ngoai nude; tao ca chd thuan Igi dd cac doanh nghiep vao dau tu; Su bimg nd ciia thuang mai dien tir, phat tridn thg gidi mang va nhiing thigt bi hd trg da khign cho thi trudng cac san pham lang nghd md rdng ban rdt nhidu Khach hang CO the tim kigm san pham cac lang nghe qua internet, cac lang nghg ciing dd dang ndm bit nhu cau cua khach hang dua tren ngn tang phan tich du lieu ky thuat s6, Ci Ha Giang, vide gidi thieu, quang ba nghd, lang nghe thii cdng da dugc trien khai nhung mdi ehi qua mgt sd website cua tinh, huyen va cac cdng ty du lich Vi vay, can hd trg cac lang va ngudi dan tu xay dung website ridng cua nghd, lang nghd Day se la mdt giai phap ho trg manh me cac boat ddng quang ba, tigp thi ddi vdi nhung san pham thu cdng va phat trign du lich van hda lang nghe Qua cae trang mang nay, nhiing thdng tin quan trgng se dugc gidi thieu nhu chi dan dia ly, nguydn Hdu, quy trinh san xuat, nhiing nghe nhan gidi, cae san pham dgc dao , tit cac san pham lang nghe cd thd tham nhap vao chudi cung iing qua hoat dgng thuang mai dien tic Lidn kgt vdi doanh nghigp se giiip ngudi thg thu edng cd duge nhiing thdng tin ve nhu cau thi trudng, cd kg hoach san xuat hieu qua, san pham dugc tigu thu dn dinh Rat can chinh sach khuydn khich tdt hon nira ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep; ddng thdi tang cudng truyen thdng de nang cao nhan thiic cua ngudi dan d cae co sd san xuat vd y nghia, tam quan trpng tham gia lidn kdt san xudt theo chudi gia tri Bdn canh eo chg khuyen khich su sang tao cua cae nghe nhan va ddu tu cua cac doanh nghigp, nhung san pham hudng tdi thi trudng nude ngoai cdn e6 su vao euge eiia cac nha khoa hgc, nha thigt kg dg cai tidn mau ma, ky thuat, thigt bi san xudt tang nang sudt, giam ehi phi ddu vao nhung van dam bao tinh doe dao, thdi trang eiia san pham - Phdt huy han nU-a vai tro cua nghi, ldng nghe phdt trien du lich: Quy hoach eac nghe, lang nghd cd tigm nang phuc vu du lich va cdn bao dam cac quy hoach dugc djnh hudng kdt ndi, tao chudi thich hgp theo hudng kdt hgp vdi du lich lang nghd, du lich van hoa, du lich cdng ddng Thay vi hd trg lai sudt tidn vay (theo Nghi quydt 35/2016/NQHDND), cdn uu tidn ban ca chd hd trg dao tao ngudn nhan lire, cai tidn cdng nghd, quang ba san phdm ddi vdi eac co sd san xudt san phdm thu cong truyen thdng phuc vu du lich Cu thd la ho trg cac nghg, lang nghd cai thien chdt lugng, mdu ma (tien dung, thdi trang) dg trung bay va ban tai eac lang nghd, cac hdi chg, eac khu du ljch trdn dia ban va ngoai; hudng dan cdng ddng xay dung quy chg mac trang phue truydn thdng tigp khach, td chuc trinh dign quy trinh san xudt cac san phdm thu cdng mdt each chuyen nghigp khdng ehi d md hinh du lich lang nghd ma d md hinh LVHDLCD; ddng thdi quan tam hon tdi vide sii dung Tgp chiDdn tdc hoc sd_5j^2019_ 62 boat ddng gidi thieu va trung bay cac san pham thii cdng truyen thong tai eac Nha van hoa cdng ddng va cac homestay nham tao nhiing hieu iing tich cue viec trai nghiem cac gia tri van hda ciing nhu quang ba san pham va ban san pham - Ndng cao y thuc bdo ton cita chit the vdn hoa vd nhicng ngu&i ldm cong tdc vdn hoa: Mdt yeu td rat quan trgng la y thiic ngudi dan, chii thd sang tao va sir dung eac san pham minh lam Do vay, can lam tdt cdng tac tuydn truydn, nang cao nhan thiic dd ddng bao hieu, tran trgng va tir hao vg gia tri cac di san van hda dan tdc bao gdm cac san pham va cac nghg truygn thdng, tir ed y thiie giii gin, tdn vinh va chii dgng bao tdn Vai trd ciia nhung ngudi lam cdng tac van hda cung hdt siic can thidt, tir dat van dg nang cao vd trinh do, nang luc, vd "tam" va "tam" ciia nhung ngudi quan ly, lam chuygn mdn dg dap iing dugc nhu eau ciia cdng cugc bao tdn, phat huy cac di san van hda dan tde Ket luan Thdi gian qua, cac nghd va lang nghd thu edng truydn thdng d Ha Giang da tan dung dugc nhiing ngudn lue eiia dja phuang, phat huy siic manh cdng ddng, gdp phan chuyen dich CO eau kinh tg, nang cao thu nhap, bao vd mdi trudng sinh thai, bao tdn nhirng gia tri truydn thdng tdt dep va cd vai trd nhat dinh cdng cugc phat tridn ndng nghigp, ndng thdn Nhung kdt qua da ghi nhan su quydt tam eua chinh quydn va ngudi dan d dia ban mgt tinh mign niii vdn nhidu khd khan, trd ngai phat tridn kinh tg - xa hdi Ben canh nhung ddu hieu khdi sac, cae nghd va lang nghd thu edng d Ha Giang vln dang tdn tai klidng it thach thiic Theo kdt qua kliao sat ciing nhu danh gia ciia ehinh quydn cac edp, nhung thach thiic co ban hien la ngudn luc dau tu cdn han che; nguydn lieu tai ehd phue vu cho san xudt ciia lang nghg ehua dap ling duge nhu cdu; thj trudng tidu thu san phdm ban chd va chua dn dinh; san pham thu cdng dap img dugc nhu cau su dung va thi hidu ciia ngudi tidu diing cGng nhu phuc vu eho phat Uign du lich ngheo nan; lugng khaeh tham quan dang tang ddn theo timg nam, song cac tour du lich lang nghg vdn chua dugc khai thac hieu qua; nhimg san phdm lang nghg truygn thdng cd thd diing lam qua luu niem phuc vu eho du ljch khan hidm, du khach cdn it cd co hgi dd tidp can, tim hidu va trai nghiem vdi eae san phdm du lich lang nghg, Vi vay, tigp tuc day manh phat trign nghg va lang nghd gdn vdi phat tridn du lich, huy ddng cac ngudn lire hd trg, tang cudng ddi mdi edng nghe, xuc tign thucmg mai, ddu Ur viing nguygn lieu tap trung, ddi mdi dao tao ddi ngu ke thira la nhiing giai phap cdn dugc uu tidn Dg an hoac Du an vg: "Phat trign bdn vung tdng thd cac nghd va lang nghd thii cdng truygn thdng gdp phdn phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2021-2030 va tdm nhin ddn nam 2045" thdi gian tdi Cdn luu y rdng, viec uu tien, tap trung cho giai phap nao trude mdt lai phu thugc vao quy md, miic do, tidm nang phat trign cua mdi nghd va lang nghe nhdt la phai nam tdng the quy hoaeh phat trign kinh tg - xa hgi ciia dia phuang Tgp chiDdn tdc hgc sd5 - 2019 53 Tai lieu tham khao Hdi ddng nhan dan tinh Ha Giang (2016), Nghi quyit so 35/2016/NQ-HDND vl Quy djnh mgt so chinh sdch khuyen khich phdt trien du lich trin dia bdn tinh Hd Giang, ban hanh 21/7/2016 Mai Thi Hdn va cgng su (2003), Phdt triin ldng nghi truyin thing qud trinh cdng nghiep hda, hiin dgi hoa, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ngi Pham Van Phit (2018), "Ha Giang: Phat triln du lich gin vdi phat triln bin vimg cac lang nghe", tren ttang: https://baomoi.com (dang 19/11/2018, truy cap 26/4/2019) Quy Mdi trudng toan cau (2019), Bao cao tdng kit Du an "Gdp phdn bdo tdn nguon gen cdy thudc ngudi Dao vd cdi thien sinh ke thdng qua phdt triin dich vu tdm Id thudc phuc vu du lich cgng ddng a xd Qudn Bg, huyen Qudn Bg, tinh Hd Giang", thugc Chuong trinh tai trg cac dir an nhd tai Viet Nam (UNDP - GEF SGP), tai lieu luu tai HTX cgng ddng Nam Dam Huynh Difc Thien (2015), "Chinh sach phat trien lang nghe eiia mdt sd qude gia d Chau A va bai hge kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam", Tgp chi Phdt triin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi, Tapl8,sdX2, tr 119-125 Tinh iiy Ha Giang (2013), Chuang trinh sd 62-CTr/TU ve Phdt trien vdn hda gdn vdi du lich giai dogn 2013 - 2020, ban hanh 29/3/2013 Tinh uy Ha Giang (2016), Nghi quyit sd 02-NQ/TU vi viic dua ky ndng sdng vd van hog truyen thdng cdc ddn tgc thieu so vdo tnidng hgc trin dia bdn tinh Hd Giang, ban hanh 6/11/2016 Trin Minh Yin (2004), Ldng nghi truyin thdng qud trinh cdng nghiep hda hien dgi hda, Nxb Khoa hgc xii hdi Ha Ndi Uy ban nhan dan huyen Haang Su Phi (2016), D I an so 03/DA-UBND ve phdt trien vdn hda gdn vdi du lich giai dogn 2016-2020, ban hanh 16/6/2016  ... cdng tieu bieu tai huyen cua tinh Ha Giang, cu thi la: ) Nhicng nghi vd ldng nghe da dugc chinh quyen dia phuang cdng nhdn^, gdm: det lanh cua ngudi Hmdng d xa Lung Tam, huyen Quan Ba; rugu... ngudi Hmdng d xa Thanh Van, huyen Quan Ba; dan lat cua ngudi Ca Lao d thdn Ma Tre, xa Sinh Ldng, huyen Ddng Van; theu det ciia ngudi Ld Ld d thdn Ld Ld Chai, xa Liing Cu, huyen Ddng Van; rugu nep... thdn Nam Diim, xa Quan Ba, huyen Quan Ba; cham bac cua ngudi Hmdng d thon Lao Xa, xa Sting La, huyen Ddng Van; dan lat cua ngudi Tay d thdn Quang Ha, xa Quiing Nguyen, huyen Xin Mitn; det vai ciia