Xã hội học về cơ cấu xã hội và phân tầng xã hội một chặng đường 20 năm nghiên cứu, phát triển và ứng dụng

Xa hoi hoc so (111), 2010 XA HOI HOC VE CO CAU XA H O I V A P H A N TANG XA ROI M O T CHANG DUCiNG 20 N A M NGHIEN ClTU, P H A T TRIEN VAITNG DUNG NGUYEN DINH TAN' Vien Xa hdi hpc, Hpc -vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh da trai qua 20 nam xay diing va phat trien Trong dinh hiidng va cac npi dung nghien cifu cua minh, cd cau xa hpi va phan tang xa hpi luon la mpt chii de tap trung chii y va da gianh dupc nhieu ket qua rat dang ghi nhan Tif nhiing bai bao dau tien "Phan tich cd ca'u xa hpi tii giac dp xa hpi hpc" (Tap chi Xa hpi hpc so'2/1992); "Gdp phan tim hieu khai niem phan tang xa hpi" (Tap chi Xa hpi hpc so' 3/1993) tdi cud'n sach "Cd ca'u xa hdi va phan tang xa hpi" (Nha xua't ban Chinh tri Qud'c gia, nam 1998, tai ban cd bd sung tai Nha xuat ban Ly luan Chinh tri, nam 2005) va nhieu giao trinh, tong quan de tai khoa hpc, v.v , cd the td'ng ket va diic riit lai ddng gdp cho sU phat trien ly luan ve Cd cau xa hpi va Phan tang xa hpi cf Viet Nam nhii sau ThUc nhdt, sii dung giac dp tiep can cua triet hpc vd khoa hpc til nhien vao viec xem xet cct cau xd hpi, coi ca cau xd hpi nhu Id kit cau vd hinh thvCc to chitc ben cua mpt xd hpi nhat dinh, dd, cac ddn vi ca'u ciia nd diidc sap xep, phan bd', lien he vdi khdng phai mpt each nglu nhien ma theo mpt trat tii ca'u triic nha't dinh, diidc hieu nhif la mpt ''hinh mdu", diidc sap xep "hcfp ly" va cd kha nang lap lai nhii vay ci nhiing khach the vat chat xa hpi da dang khac Cd ca'u xa hpi khdng phai la cai bat bien, ma la cai tiidng dd'i on dinh, bao ham tinh quy luat, la sii tho'ng nhat giuta mat ''on dinh" vdi mat "dgng", mat kha bien cua xa hpi Neu lich sif tien hoa cd xu hiidng vifa tri mpt phan cai cii, vvfa co xu hiidng lien tuc bien doi, pha vd, sip xep lai cd cau de hinh nhiing cd cau xa hOi mdi thi cd ca'u xa hpi la cai tUPng dd'i on dinh, it dpng hdn so vdi lich sif tien hoa, phat trien Cd ca'u xa hpi la mot cau triic tii nhien, cd nhiing net chung ve mat cd cau bien ta't ca cac khach the vat chat xa hpi va tii nhien khac Song cd ca'u xa hdi cd net dac thu bdi cac ddn vi ca'u cua nd la nhiing tap doan ngiidi, nhiing giai cap, tang 16p, nhdm xa hpi song dpng vdi nhiing vi the, vai trd dddc s i p xep theo nhang trat tii, vi tri nha't dinh va ton tai nhiing md'i quan he xac dinh Cd ca'u xa hoi cd quan he khang khit vdi he tho'ng xa hpi, nd la ke't cau va hinh thifc to chute ben cua mpt he tho'ng xa hpi, la "bg khung", bp "ddn" cua xa hpi ' GS TS, Vien trUcfng Vien Xd hgi hgc, Hgc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh Quo'c gia Ho Chi Minh Nguyen Dinh Tan Vdi phan tich nhii vay, viec xem xet cd cau xa hpi trd nen triet de vat khach quan khoa hpc No cung cap nhiing tri thifc "khung" cho nhiing nghien cifu cd cau xa hpi - nhiing tri thiic dong dai va ca nhiing tiep can lich dai; nhiing tri thifc ve cd cau xa hpi b trang thai tiidng dd'i tinh, tUPng dd'i on dinh ciing nhU nhiing cd ca'u xa hpi trang thai dpng sii bien doi, dac biet la ci nhiing biidc ngoat can thiet phai tai cau true xa hpi theo mpt md hinh cau triic mdi, hdp ly, nang dpng va phat huy mpt each hieu qua Thit hai, coi nhom Id ddn vi phdn tich cd bdn ddu tien de hieu ditdc cd cau xd hpi dong thdi phan tach nhdm cac nhdm Idn, nhdm nho va xem xet nhdm theo cac dau hieu da dang Do dd da mang lai mpt giac dp tiep can mdi vi mpt he thdng cd cdu xd hpi nhieu chieu, nhieu khia cqnh, nhieu cdp dp Van dung giac dp tiep can phan tich nay, -viia khlc phuc diidc each nhin trifu tiidng ciing nhae vifa khac phuc diiPc viec quy gian cd cau xa hpi chi vao cd cau xa hpi - giai cap, coi cd cau xa hpi - giai cap la sii riit gpn cua cd cau xa hpi tdng the (nhii quan niem da tiing ton tai lau dai ci Lien X6 va cac niidc xa hpi chii nghia Ddng Au triidc day); ciing qua dd, mang lai mot quan niem toan dien, chinh the he tho'ng -viec xem xet va phan tich nhiing cd cau xa hpi hien thiic Theo dd, mot cd cau xa hpi hien thiic la mot he tho'ng da cd cau: cd cau xa hpi giai cap; cd cau xa hpi - nghe nghiep; cd cau xa hpi - dan so'; cd cau xa hpi - lanh thd; cd cau xa hpi - dan tpc, cd ca'u xa hpi - tdn giao Trong moi phan he cd ca'u xa hpi tren lai diidc xem xet theo nhieu khia canh, nhieu cap dp Vi du: phan tich cd ca'u xa hpi - nghe nghiep chiing ta se cd nhiing nhdm nghe nhii: cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, dich vu; moi nhdm nghe dd lai cd nhieu nghe nghiep cu the v6i nhiing ngiidi lao dpng cd trinh dp nghe nghiep khac va mifc dp dap iing vdi nghe nghidp mpt each khac ThUc ba, de hieu diidc cd cau xa hpi thi ngoai nhiing phan tich theo lat cat "ngang" ddi hoi phai p / t d n tich cd cdu triic "dpc", cdu triic "tdng bdc" npi bp ciia moi nhom xd hpi, to chdc xd hpi cung nhii cd cdu xd hpi tong the Hdn niia, van de khdng chi ddn gian xem xet mpt cau triic phan tang xa hpi "chung chung" ma dieu can thiet la phai tien hdnh thao tdc hoa ve mat khdi niem, tdch khdi niem phdn tdng xd hpi noi chung thdnh khdi niem bp phdn: Phdn tdng xd hpi hdp thdc vd phdn tdng xd hpi khong hdp thdc; Dd la dierri cdt yeu, then chdt de cd the dat nhiing dinh hiidng phat trien ciing nhii nhiing ca^ pif khoa hpc tin cay cho viec hoach dinh chinh sach, vach cac giai phap thich hdp n h l m xay diing hoae ddi mdi cd cau xa hpi theo hudng tdi liu, hieu qua Su phdn tich vd Idm ro su khdc biet giiJCa phdn tdng xd hpi hdp thdc vd phdn tdng xd hpi khong hdp thdc da nha'n manh nhiing dac triing khoa hpc, yeu td phap ly va nguyen tic phat trien, cdng bang, van minh, tien bp, nhan van, nhan ban va nhan dao viec Xd hgi hgc ve cd cdu xd hgi vd phdn tdng xd hgi quye't dinh hanh ddng ciia ca nhan, nhdm, dac biet la ciia cac nha lanh dao, quan ly xa hpi Phan t i n g xa hpi hdp thiic la mpt cau triic tang bac ciia xa hpi diidc hinh chu yeu diia tren cd sci ciia sii khac biet tii nhien ve nang liic (the chat, tri tue); nhiing khac biet ve cai tai, cai difc, sii cd'ng hien, ddng gdp thiic te ciia mdi ca nhan, td chiic cho xa hpi Thiic chat ciia phan tang xa hpi hdp thiic la sii van hanh theo nguyen tac lam theo nang liic, hiiclng theo lao dpng - nguyen tac cot ldi va quan trpng nha't de phan biet cdng bang xa hpi vdi bat cong xa hpi Phan tang xa hpi khdng hdp thifc la ta't ca nhiing gi dd'i lap vdi phan tang xa hpi hdp thifc Tifc la mpt cau triic xa hpi difdc hinh khdng phai diia tren sii khac biet tii nhien, khach quan ve tai, diic, ve sii cd'ng hien, ddng gdp thiic te ciia mdi ca nhan cho xa hpi ma la tham nhiing, lam an phi phap, "e kip", thii doan, ma cd Cac cdng trinh nghien cifu ve nhiing van de da de nhiing khuyen nghi len Dang, Nha niidc, cac td chifc chinh tri, kinh te xa hpi, de danh gia diing va quye't tam tap trung chi dao, xay diing xa hpi phan tang hdp thifc ddng thdi kien quyet ngan chan, day lui va tifng biidc khlc phuc nhiing tac dpng tieu ciic ciia phan tang xa hpi bat hdp thiic Thd tu, khai quat kip thdi nhiing bien ddi cd ca'u xa hpi niidc ta ndi chung, tifng giai cap, tang 16p xa hpi ndi rieng; dUa nhiing khdi niem giai tdng xd hpi, cd cdu xd hpi - giai tdng xd hpi vdi npi hdm mdi co y nghia tham khao thiit thUc cd vi phUdng diin ly ludn cung nhu thuc tiin Giai tang xa hpi Cling nhu cd cau giai tang xa hpi d niidc ta can diidc nhin nhan theo mpt quan niem "dgng"\ "md" de cd the phan anh diidc phu hdp, kip thdi vdi nhiing bien ddi khach quan ciia nd hien thiic Theo dd, giai tang xa hpi khdng phai la mpt "phep cong" cd hpc, mot tii "ghep" ddn thuan cua hai khai niem giai cap va tang 16p xa hpi nhii each hieu cii Theo dd, cd ca'u xa hpi - giai tang xa hpi ciing can diidc hieu nhii la mot ca'u triic "dan ket" vifa theo cau triic "dgc" tifc la theo cau triic tang bac cac tang xa hpi, viia theo cau triic "ngang" tifc la bao gdm tat ca cac giai cap, tang Idp, nghe nghiep, td chiic xa hpi, ' Trong cac xa hpi cd ddi khang giai cap, cau triic dpc dd chu yeu diidc phan anh thdng qua sii khac biet giai cap, tiic sii khac ftet giula cac tap doan ngiidi quan he cua hp dd'i vdi tii lieu san xuat Cau triic xa hpi chu yeu chi diidc xem xet theo mpt cau triic tang bac gdm cl hai giai cap, hai tang xa hpi chinh, cd ban dd'i lap vdi nhau, khac biet vdi va difdc phan biet chu yeu thdng qua dau hieu sd hdu nhii nd le va , chii nd, ndng dan va dia chu, tif san va vd san nhii chiing ta da biet den lich s i Dieu da diiPc K Marx nghien cifu mpt each sau sic va diia nhiing sii chi giao het sifc thuyet phuc cho cac nha khoa hpc, cac nha tii tycing xa hpi chu nghia cuoc dau tranh n h l m cai bien xa hoi cii, xay diing xa hpi mdi ciia minh Nguyen Din h Tdn Sau nhieu thsip ky cai tao xa hpi cii, xay diing xa hpi mdi, dac biet la sau 20 nam da't nUdc ddi mdi mc( ciia, xay diing nen kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng XHCN, ve cd ban la khdng cdn dd'i khang giai cap, phan tuyen giai cap, sii tdn tai cua cac giai cap dd'i dich nhu cac xa hpi ma Marx da tiing phan tich triidc day Trong xa hpi nUdc ta hien nay, khdng cdn giai cap dia chu, tU san mpt each nguyen nghia nhU cac xa hpi phong kien, tU ban qua khit Giai cap cong nhan khong cdn ddn thuan la giai cap vd san ma la ngUdi chu nhan ciia nha may, xi nghiep Giai cap ndng dan khdng cdn la nhiing ngifdi ndng nd, ngifdi ta dien nhii cac xa hpi phong kien thupc dia triidc day ma la ngiidi chu nhan ciia ddng rupng (trif mpt bp phan cdng nhan, ndng dan lam thue cho cac chii doanh nghiep tii nhan xuat hien thdi gian gan day) Tl^t ca cac giai cap xa hpi cdn difdc hieu thuan tiiy nhii la nhiing tap dean ngiidi s6 hiiu hay khdng sci hiiu cac tii lieu san xuat ciia xa hpi Tren thiic te, hp chi la nhiing ngiidi chu "chiem dung" cd gidi han, cd thdi han nhiing tii lieu san xuti't nha't dinh, chi cd nha niidc mdi thiic sii la ngiidi chii hdp phap, ngiidi cd tii each phap nhan chan chinh nhat (theo luat dinh) la chii sd hiiu dich thiic, hdp hien ciia ta't ca cac tii lieu san xua't xa hpi Mdi giai cap, tang Idp ve cd ban khdng cdn nguyen ven nhii cii ma diidc thay ddi mpt each dang ke Ca'u triic xa hpi khdng chi gian ddn difdc xem xet nhii mot ca'u triic ngang (2 giai cap, tang Idp va diidng nhii ddng deu nhau, ngang bang nhau) hoae chi ddn tuyen phat trien theo hiidng tien dan den sii thuan nha't, ddng nha't xa hpi nhii quan niem mot thdi triidc day ma can phai xem xet chiing mpt qua trinh phfui hoa, phan tang xa hpi manh me Trong mdi giai cap, tang Idp ciing nhif toan xa hpi dang dien sii phan hoa giiia cac nhdm, vien xa hpi ve mat vi the, vai trd, trinh dp hpc van, nghe nghiep, thu nhap, mifc sd'ng, cd hpi thang tien ciing nhii nang liic van dung cac cd hpi Trong giai cap ndng dan ciing cd mpt bp phan giau len, t r i chii trang trai, tap trung tay nhieu rudng dat; thu nhap mdi nam nhieu chuc trieu, tham chi ca tram trieu ddng Trong do, cd mpt bp phan dan cii rdi vao tinh trang ngheo khd (d mien Tay Nam bp cd den tren 5% ndng dan trd ta dien phai cay thue cud'c mddn kiem sd'ng) thu nhap tha'p, bap benh, ddi sd'ng khd khan Trong giai cap cdng nhan ciing cd nhieu ngUdi cd tay nghe cao, chuyen mdn gidi, nhieu sang kien, tim tdi, mang lai thu nhap cao, mua dUdc nha, mua xe, cuoc sd'ng kha gia, Ben canh dd la mpt bp phan thu nhap cdn tha'p, ddi sdng khd khan, tham chi la thieu viec lam Trong t i n g Idp tri thitc cung cd nhiing ngUdi cd tiln g i i ngan hang, d l u tU kinh 10 Xd hgi hgc ve cd cdu xd hgi vd phdn tdng xd hgi phi cho mpt phdng thi nghiem d l t gia, m l triidng tii thuc, cuoc sd'ng phong liiu, kha gia, uy tin xa hpi, uy tin nghe nghiep cao Trong dd ciing cd mot bp phan cdn gap nhieu khd khan, thu nhap tha'p, miic sd'ng ngheo nan Chinh d day da mpt each nhin thiic te hdn, thiic chat hdn, cd gia tri ddng gdp thiet thiic hdn cho cac chinh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi ciia dat niidc Dd la each nhin mdi ve cd ca'u xa hpi - giai tang xa hpi Theo each nhin nhan cd ca'u xa hpi niidc ta vda c6 cau triic "ngang", vda cd cau triic "doc" Ca'u triic ngang, dd la mpt tap hdp cac giai cap, tang Idp, nghe nghiep, td chifc xa hpi Trong dd bao ham cac giai cap cdng nhan, ndng dan, tieu thiidng, doanh nhan, tri thifc, Ca'u triic "doc", tifc la ca'u triic tang bac cao tha'p xa hdi, diidc xem xet (bieu hien) d ba da'u hieu cd ban khac nhau: Dia vi kinh te (tai san, thu nhap), dia vi chinh tri (quyen liic), dia vi xa hpi (uy tin) Hai "nhdt cdt" ca'u triic "ngang" va "dgc" dan ket vao tao giai tang xa hpi Giai tdng xd hpi Id tap hdp ngUdi tUdng ddi ngang bdng vi dia vi kinh ti, dia vi chinh tri, dia vi xd hpi cung nhu nhdng khia cqnh khdc nhu trinh dp hpc vdn, loqi nghe nghiep, kiiu nhd d, ndi cU tru, phong cdch sinh hoqt, thi hiiu nghi thudt, Giai tdng xd hpi vda Id tdng xd hot ndm cdu true tdng bdc cua xd hpi, vda hpi d do, co mat d hdu hit cdc thdnh viin co hodn cdnh tUdng ddng vdi cdc giai cap, tdng Idp, nghi nghiep, to chdc xd hpi Vi du: d tang "ddy" tang tha'p nha't cd the bao gdm nhiing vien ngh^o, yeu the, nam d ta't ca cac giai cap, tang Idp nhii: cdng nhan; ndng dan; tri thifc; tay nghe thap, it cP hpi, nhieu riii ro, t i n g Idp doanh nhan lam an thua "Id"; nhflng cong chiic, vien chifc khdng theo kip diidc ddi hdi cua cdng viec, ; tiidng :ii nhU vay, tang "dinh", tang cao nha't ciing cd the hpi dii cac vien liu troi d hau het cac giai cap, tang Idp tren Tren cd sd ciia quan niem ve giai tang xa hpi nhii vay, chiing ta cd the dinh nghia: Cd cdu xd hpi - giai tdng xd hpi Id mpt cdu true "dan kit" vita theo cdu triic "dpc" tdc la theo cdu true tdng bdc cdc giai tdng xd hpi vita theo cdu true "ngang" tdc la bao gom tdt cd cdc giai cdp, tdng Idp nghe nghiep, td chdc xd hpi Thir nam, gan lien chat che v&i su hinh thdnh cdc giai tdng xd hpi, cd cdu - giai tdng xd hpi, cdc tdc gid dd dUa khdi niem: Tdng Idp xd hoi "Uu trpi" Tang Idp "liu troi", hay "viCdt trpi" cua xa hpi khong "ndi" len, "hien" len nhii mpt liic liidng xa hpi, nhdm xa hpi rieng re (dpc lap) ma bao gdm nhiing phan tii liu tii nha't, nang dpng nha't, viidt troi len tif d k h i p cae giai cap, t i n g Idp, td chifc xa hpi xa hpi, Dd la nhiing ngiidi cong nhan, nhieu sang kien, lam viec cd nang sua't Nguyen Dinh Tdn 11 cao, tao dUdc nhieu san phim td't, cd chat Iddng, mang lai ldi ich cho xa hpi; nhiing doanh nhan tai ba, san xua't kinh doanh gidi, ap dung diidc nhiing cd che quan ly mdi, cdng nghe - ky thuat tien tien mang lai nhieu ldi nhuan, giai quyet dUdc nhieu viec lam cho ngiidi lao dpng, tao nhieu san pham da dang, co siic canh tranh cao, trich nop diidc nhieu cho ngan sach nha nifdc ciing nhU ddng gdp nhieu cho cac hoat dpng "tinh nghia", "tii thien" Dd la nhiing nha quan ly gidi, nhiing nha khoa hpc nhieu phat minh, sang che, dda nhiing quy trinh cdng nghe mdi, nhiing cd che quan ly ifu viet, nhiing de xua't kien nghi thiet thiic mang lai nhieu ldi ich cho da't niidc Dd la nhiing ndng dan lam an gidi, nhiing chii trang trai dam nghi, dam lam, thao vat, nang dpng, sang tao, khai thac, tan dung mpt each hieu qua tai nguyen da't dai va ngudn liic lao dpng, tao nhiing san pham ddi dao, cd gia tri cho xa hpi Nhiing ngifdi thd thu cdng, phat huy ban tay vang vdi nhiing y tifdng vang tao nhiing san pham dpc dao mang lai thifdng hieu cd uy tin va ldi ich cao cho xa hpi Dd la nhiing cdng chiic diia diidc nhieu y tiidng cai each, hdp ly hoa, tdi liu hoa cac giai phap thii tuc hanh chinh, mang lai nhieu tien ich va sii hai Idng cho ngiidi dan Dd la nhiing chien si, sy quan quan dpi, cdng an thdng minh, qua cam, diia diidc nhieu phiidng an bao ve trat tii, an ninh xa hpi cd hieu qua, ngan chan diidc nhieu am miiu chd'ng pha xa hoi cua cac liic liidng thii dich, bao ve diidc viing chac qua cua CNXH, giii gin diidc sii binh yen cho mpi ngiidi Tang Idp xa hpi liu trpi dang cang Idn len, manh len va trd vi tri "ddu tdu", nhiing "con chim ddu ddn", nhiing manh thiidng quan day sung man, ldi keo, dan dat cac nhdm xa hpi di len Sii hinh tang Idp xa hpi "liu troi" gan chat vdi qua trinh hinh ca'u triic PTXH hdp thifc Hp la tang Idp liu tii "viidt trpi", viidn len tif k h i p cac giai cap, tang Idp cd ca'u - giai tang xa hpi Dang, Nha niidc, cac doan the xa hpi can danh gia diing tai nang va cdng lao ciia hp, vinh danh hp, chii y theo ddi, thu hiit, dao tao, sap xep, bd nhiem hp vao cac -vi tri then chdt ciia bp may lanh dao Nhiing ddng gdp ly luan tren da diidc diia vao cac giao trinh giang day cho cac he dao tao: Ctf nhan chinh tri, cao cap ly luan, chUdng trinh cao hpc, nghien cifu sinh cua Hpc vien; mdi day da dUdc diic ket va the hien mpt chuyen de bai giang "Cd cau xa hpi - giai tang xa hpi" chUdng trinh Cao cap ly luan chinh tri - hanh chinh thii nghiem ciia Hpc vien nam 2009 Nhiing phan tich ly luan tren cung da dddc iing dung rpng rai nghien cifu va giang day d nhieu cd sd dao tao khac ca nUdc Dac biet da dUdc van dung nhieu de tai cap Nha nddc nhd De tai: KX.04-14/06-10 "Xu hddng bien ddi cd 12 Xd hgi hgc ve cd cdu xd hgi vd phdn tdng xd hgi ca'u xa hdi d Viet Nam"; De tai KX.02.17/06-10 "Cd cau xa hdi va phan tang xa hdi d nUdc ta dieu kien ddi mdi hien nay"; De tai KX.02-06/06-10 "Phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi trdng tien trinh ddi mdi"; De tai KX.02-06/06-10 "Phat then xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi d vung ndng thdn niidc ta hien Thiic trang va giai phap" ; Tren day la tdm tat co dpng "cuoc hanh trinh" tim toi, phat trien va nghien cifu iing dung ve ly thuyet cd cau xa hpi va phan tang xa hpi d niidc ta 20 nam qua ciia Vien Xa hpi hpc, Hpc -vien Chinh tri Hanh chinh Qud'c gia Hd Chi Minh Rat mong diidc cac ddng nghiep va ban dpc chia se, binh luan, ddng gdp./ .Tai lieu tham khao Nguyen Dinh Tan Phan tich cd ca'u xa hdi tif giac dp xa hdi hpc Tap chi Xa hoi hpc sd 2/1992 Nguyen Dinh Tan Gdp phan tim hieu khai niem phan tang xa hpi Tap chi Xa hpi , • hpc sd 3/1993 Nguyen Dinh Tan Cd ca'u xa hpi va phan tang xa hpi Nxb Chinh tri Quo'c gia, 1998 (Tai ban cd bd sung tai Nxb Ly luan Chinh tri, nam 2005) Nguyen Dinh Tan Cac bao cao chuyen de thupc cac De tai cap Nha nifdc: KX.0414/06-10 "Xu hudng bien ddi cd ca'u xa hpi d Viet Nam"; De tai KX.02.17/06-10 "Cd ca'u xa hpi va phan t i n g xa hpi d nUdc ta dieu kien ddi mdi hien nay"; De tai KX.02-06/06-10 "Phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi trong tien trinh ddi mdi"; De tai KX.02-06/06-10 "Phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi d vung nong thdn nUdc ta hien - ThUc trang va giai phap"  ... Nguyen Din h Tdn Sau nhieu thsip ky cai tao xa hpi cii, xay diing xa hpi mdi, dac biet la sau 20 nam da't nUdc ddi mdi mc( ciia, xay diing nen kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng XHCN, ve cd ban la... tang xa hpi" chUdng trinh Cao cap ly luan chinh tri - hanh chinh thii nghiem ciia Hpc vien nam 200 9 Nhiing phan tich ly luan tren cung da dddc iing dung rpng rai nghien cifu va giang day d nhieu... toi, phat trien va nghien cifu iing dung ve ly thuyet cd cau xa hpi va phan tang xa hpi d niidc ta 20 nam qua ciia Vien Xa hpi hpc, Hpc -vien Chinh tri Hanh chinh Qud'c gia Hd Chi Minh Rat mong diidc