Giải quyết hài hoà mối quan hệ lợi ích cá nhân, tập thể và xã hội động lực phát triển kinh tế xã hội ở việt nam

TAP 57 CHI P H A T T R I E N N H A N L U C , SO 1(22)-2011 GIAI QUYET HAI HOA MOI QUAN HE Ldi fCH CA NHAN, TAP THE ƠA XA HOI ô 'ô • DONG LI/C PHAT TRIEN KINH TE • XA HOI d VIET NAM PHAM THI HANG H ien nay, chung ta dang hffdng de'rt thffc Men muc tieu xay dffng mot nffdc Viet Nam "hda binh, dgc lap, thdng nhaft, toan ven lanh thd, dan giau, nffdc marth, dan chu, cdng bang, van mlMi", phan dau de'n nam 2020 ve cd ban la mot nffdc cdng nghiep theo hffdng Men dai Dang ta khang dinh: "Dgng Iffc chu ye'u de phat trien dat nffdc la dai doan ket toart dart trert cd sd liert minh giffa cdng nhan vdi ndng dan va tri thffc Dang lanh dao, ket hdp hai hda cac ldi ich ca nhart, tap the va xa hdi, phat huy mgi tiem nang va ngudn Iffc cua cac phan kinh te, cua toan xa hdi"'", "chap nhan nhttng diem khae khdng trai vdi ldi ich chung cua dan tgc" va "Dai doan ket toan dan tgc phai dffa treu cd sd giai quyel hai hda quart he ldi ich giffa cac vien xa hgi"'^' Day la quan diem va phffdng hffdng cM dao ldn cua Dang, ddi hoi phai dffdc thffc Men ddng bg he thd'ng chinh sach kinh te - xa hoi d ca tam vl md va vi md, ddng thdi mdi (*) ThS Ngon ngO hpc, BTV Bao dien tCr Dan trf (1)Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc lan thil IX Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Npi, 2001, tr96 (2)Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hpi dai bilu toan quoc lan thtf XI(Du thao) Nxb Chfnh tri quoc gia Ha Npi, 2010, tr.66 can bd, dang vien phai nhan thffc dung dan va thffc Men tdt theo tffng cffdng vi, chffc trach minh dam nMem De thffc Men dffdc dieu do, chung ta phai giai quyet dung dan mdi quan he ldi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the va ldi ich xa hdi Ve thffc chat, quan he ldi ich la mdl quan he gitta ngffdi vdi rtgffdi sinh va phat trien tat yen cMnb cac quan he san xuat, quau he kirth te' chuyen hoa nhu cau ddi sdng xa bgi va mdi vien Quan he kinh te', quan he ldi ich cd the xem la "col loi vat chat" cua cac mdi quan be xa hoi Bdi le, ldi ich la khau trffc tie'p bdn ca trortg viec tao nen dgng cd to todng thuc day ngffdi banh dgng nham thoa man nhu can Nhu can cang ldn tM sff hap dan cua ldi ich ddi vdi chu the cang Idn, dd dgng cd to todng sinh tren cd sd cua ldi ich cflng cang cudn but ngffdi, thuc day ngffdi lao vao banh dgng Nhff vay, taft ca nhffng gi thuc day ngffdi hanh dgng deu gan hen vdi nhu can va ldi ich cua bg Diem khae d chd cd hanh vi chiu sff cM phdi cua ldi ich vat chat, cd banh vi bi cM phdi bdi ldi ich tinh thirt, cd banh vi cMu sff thuc day cua ldi ich ca nhart, cd hanh vi cMu sff thuc day cua ldi ich tap the, xa bgi Khdng cd banh vi nao ciia ngffdi hoan toan thoat khoi sff thuc day cua ldi ich 58 PHAM TH! Sortg, hortg xa bgi, cac ldi ich khae do, dac biet la giffa ldi ich rieng va ldi ich chung, ldi ich tap the va ldi ich xa hdi cd the phu hdp vdi nhau, cflng cd the khdng phu hdp, tham chi cdn trai ngffdc Dieu cdn xay ddi vdi ca nhiing ldi ich chung cua cac cgug ddrtg khae nhau, cung nhff ddi vdi cac ldi ich rieng khae De nhffng hanh vi va nhffng hoat dgng cua Mug rtgffdi cu the dartg theo dudi cac ldi ich khae rthau khdng triet tieu va Iam rdi loan xa hdi, xa bgi can de'n nhttng phUdng thffc dieu tiel hanh vi cua ngffdi mang y rtgMa phd bie'n: Giai quyel hai hda ldi ich ca nhart, tap the va xa bgi la mot nhffng phffdng thffc cin dffdc sff dung Ldi ich la sff phan anh nhu cau cua ca nhan, cua nhdm xa hdi, giai cap cd ngudn gdc to Uong quan he san xuat, quan he kinh te dffdc ngffdi nhan thffc va trd dgng cd muc dich boat dgng eua hg Dffdi che xa hdi chu ngMa ed ba loai ldi ich bao trum nhat la ldi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the, ldi ich xa hoi Chuug cd mdi hert he biert cbffrtg thdng nhat, gan bd hilu cd, che' ffdc lln rthau nhuhg cd tinh dgc lap tffdng ddi khdng the ddng nhat, khdng the thay the Vi vay, ket hdp hai hda va giai quyet dung dan mdi quan he giffa cac ldi ich se tao dgng Iffc cua sff phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Thffc tiln each mang nffdc ta da ehffng minh, kM nao chuug ta ket hdp hai hoa ldi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the, ldi Ich xa hoi se tao dffdc trang thai lanh manh hong tuhg ddn vi tap the va xa bgi, tM tinh tich cffc xa bgi va tinh than sang tao dffdc phat huy, kinh te phat trien, chinh tri xa bgi dn dinh; ndu ngffdc lai se kim bam, can hd sff phat trien kinh te - xa bgi, tham cM tieu cffc xa bgi va te nan xa bgi gia tang Trong hai euge khang cMen, chung ta phai buy ddrtg sffe ngffdi, sffe cua "tat ca de chie'n tiiang", de gianh cho dffdc dgc lap, tff do, thdng nhat dat nffdc nert viec de cao cac ldi ich chung cua xa bgi, cua dau tgc, de cao chu ugMa tap the, gia tri tap tiie la hoan toan cirt tiiiel va phu hdp Dd cMnh la Mc ma sff hy sinh cd'ng Me'n ngffdi va cua cho each mang, tat ca vi cai chung, vi quyen ldi cua dan tgc la xu hffdng chu dao ddi sdrtg xa hdi, dffdc mgi ngffdi chap nhan Men rthiert HANG - GIAI QUYET HAI HOA M I QUAN HE Giai doan 1975 -1985, vdi sff tdn tai ciia cd che quan ly banh cMnh quan heu bao cap keo dai, dang chu y la tinh hang cd nhttng chu tnidng chinh sach cua Dang cdn bieu Men nang ve de cao cai chung, tap the va chu ngMa tap the, xem nhe ca nhan (con ngffdi cu the); chffa thffc sff quart tam de'n ldi ich ca nhart, hau qua la da khdrtg phat huy dffdc dgng Iffc, tinh tich cffc, sang tao cua ca nhart frortg ddi sdng va phat trien kinh td Sau cMen tranh, bao nMeu nhu cau cMnb dang cua eon ngffdi ve an, mac, d, sinh boat (trffde tam gae lai) ddi hdi phai dffdc thoa man rthffng chffa dffdc dap ffng, cd che' quan ly hanh cMnh quart heu bao cap tdn tai kha lau, to todng binh quart chu ngMa cung vdi ban qua cMe'n tranh da lam cho eon ngffdi it sang tao, quen dffa dim, y lai vao nha nffdc, vi da quen cd tap the va nha nffdc bao cap Tff nam 1986 de'n nay, cd dffdrtg ldi ddi mdi durtg dan, sang tao Dang da chu trffdng phat hien kinh te' tbi trffdng dinh hffdng xa bgi chu rtgMa, md cffa giao Iffu va tham gia hdi nhap, toan ciu boa vdi quan diem phat huy nhan td cort ngffdi, phat buy mgi ngudn Iffc cho sff ngMep xay dffng va bao ve Td qudc, kei bdp hai hda ca ba ldi ich ca nhan, tap the va xa bgi Chu trffdng dd da dffdc the Men chinh sach phat trien kinh te' nMeu phan, tao dieu kien cho mgi ddi tffdng, ddn vi, cdng ddng cd the lam giau cMnh dang; Nha nffdc tdn trgng phat buy tinh tich cffc cua tong ca nhan, coi hgng sffe manh tap the, ddng thdi tinh de'n cac yeu cau rdrtg ldn cua xa bgi CMnh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo, phat trien ndng nghiep va ndrtg thdn, diu to cho vung sau vung xa, giam sff phan hoa giau ngheo; chinh sach den dn dap nghia vdi ngffdi cd cdng vdi nffdc (thffdng binh, gia dinh het si, ba me Viet Nam anh ); cMnh sach xa hoi boa cac Enh vUc giao due, y te', van hoa da di vao cuoc sd'ng, the Men quan diem cua Dang va Nha nffdc ta ve ket hdp hai hoa cac ldi ich Song, thffc tiln lai xuaft Men nhttrtg khuynh hffdng qua de cao ldi ich ca nhan hoac cM coi trgng ldi ich tap the nho, nhaft la ddi vdi ldp tre va nhttng ddn vi trffc tie'p san xuaft kinh doanh, lam kinh te Cdn cd Men todng nhan danh tap the, nhan danh ldi ich tap the nhffng thffc PHAM THI HANG - GIAI QUYET HAI HOA MOI QUAN HE cM vi ca nhan, vi ldi Ich cua mdt nhdm ngffdi cu the nao dd bay "nhan danh xa hoi", vi cai chung, vi nhan dan, nhffng thffc cM vi "tap the nhd", vi ldi ich cue bg cua ddn vi, dia phffdng Cac vu an tham nhung, tham d, hdl Id Uong nhffng nam vffa qua la bieu Men cua sff vi pham mdi quan he ldi ich, la vi du dien Mnh cua xu the' chay theo va toyet ddi hda quan be Vi Idi ich ca nhan ma ngffdi ta san sang lam dieu pM phap baft chap ca dao ly va phap Mat Trong bdi canh tinh Mnh mdi, yen can ddi mdi va hoan tMen cMnh sach kinh te' - xa hdi cua Dang va Nha nffdc Dang ta tie'p tuc khang dinh quan diem, chu trffdng trffde day ve kei hdp hai hoa Idi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the, ldi ich xa bgi mdi quan be vdi nert tang hen minh cdng nhan, ndng dart va dgi ngu tri thffc, thffc Men dai doan ket toan dan De giai quyel dung dan mdi quau he ldi ich tren, ddi hoi chung ta phai nhan thffc rd va quan triet tdt nhffng van de cd ban sau: - Kei hdp hai boa ldi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the, ldi ich xa hdi, xuat phat to Man diem cd tinh nguyen tac cua Dang la tat ca vi ngffdi, coi ngffdi vffa la muc tieu, vffa la dgng Iffc cua sff phat trien kinh td - xa bgi Kei hdp hai hda ba ldi ich, giai quyet dung dan cac mdi quan be ldi ich la nham phat huy nhan td ngffdi, ngudu lilc ngffdi, tiem nang ngffdi cho sff ngMep xay dffng va bao ve Td qudc Sffe manh va ngudu Iffc qudc gia cua sff phat trieu bao gdm ca nhart Iffc, vat Iffc, ca ngi Iffc va ngoai Iffc, ca ngudu Iffc vat chat va ngudn lilc tinh than, trayen thd'ng va Men dai, do, ngudn Iffc ngffdi la trang tam va quan trgng nhat Sffe manh cua ngudn Iffc ngffdi dffdc can va tao nen bdi ngudn lilc cua ca nhan, tap the va xa hdi mdi quart he bflh cd thdrtg nhat ma ldi ich la cdt loi vat chat Cac chinh sach deu phai xuat phat to nhu can cua dai da so' quan chung nhan dan, chff khong the xuat phat to ldi ich ca nhan cua ngffdi hoach dinh chinh sach, cua mot nhdm, mot tap doan nao Do do, cin xem day la phffdng cham cM dao each mang, cd sd cho viec hoach dinh cMnh sach cua Dang va Nha nffdc ma mdi can bg, dang vien phai nhan thffc rd rang va quan triet day du thffc Men chffc trach va nMem vu cua minh 59 - Trong mgi linh vffc, mgi boat ddng deu coi trgng giai quyel dung dan cac mdi quan he ldi ich, kei hdp hai boa cac ldi ich; ngMa la vffa chu y dung mffe den ldi ich ca nhan, vtta phai quan tam tMch dang de'n ldi ich tap the, quyen ldi cua cd quart, ddrt vi; ddrtg thdi tuih de'rt va dam bao ldi ich chung cua xa bgi, dan tgc, qudc gia, thffc Men tdt quan diem ma Dang ta xae dinh: "Muc tieu va dgng Iffc chinh cua sff phat trien la vi ngffdi, ngffdi CMe'n Iffdc kinb te' - xa bgi dat ngffdi vao vi tri trang tam Ldi ich cua mdi ngUdi, cua tong tap the va cua toan xa hdi girt bd hiM cd vdi nhau, ldi ich ca nhan la dgng Iffc trffc tie'p"