Tầm nhìn nông hộ lập kế hoạch chiến lược sinh kế ứng dụng nghiên cứu và khuyến nông có sự tham gia

Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 76(14):150- 154 TAM NHIN NONG HO LAP KE HOACH CHIEN LlTOfC SINH KE: LTNG DUNG NGHIEN ClTU VA KHUYEN NONG CO StT THAM GIA Duong Van Son' Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Mot kho khan sinh qua trinh thuc hien nghien ciiu va khuyen nong cd sir tham gia la thuong tao su qua mong dpi va trdng chd y lai cua nong dan, dd anh hudng den su ben virng cua cac chuong trinh, du an sau cac can thiep ben ngoai ket thiic Tam nhin nong hp lap ke hoach chien lupc sinh ke la tiep can mdi lap ke hoach dang dupe Trung tam Nong nghiep Nhiet ddi Qu6c te ap dung mot s6 du an Tiep can tam nhin lap ke hoach cac nghien ciru thi nghiem hien trudng nong dan da coi ndng dan la doi tac va co vai trd quan trpng Uong nghien ciiu va khuyen n6ng cd sir tham gia U'ng dung tiep can cd the khai thac triet de cac ngu6n lire npi tai, phat huy sir tu chu cua nong dan va cong ddng hien cd, khac phuc tam ly chd y lai thudng gap tir nong dan Tir khoa: Phdt trien ky thuat cd su tham gia, hien trudng ndng ho, tdm nhin ndng hd DAT VAN DE Nghien ciru vd khuyen ndng cd su tham gia hay edn cd ten gpi khac la: Phdt trien ky thuat cd sir tham gia (Participatory Technoogy Development - PTD), hoac Thi nghiem vd khuyen ndng tren ca sd cdng ddng la each tiep cdi de nghien ciru va phat triln ky thud dira tren mdi quan he tuong tac tam giac ba ben: ndng dan, can bd khuyen ndng va nha nghien ciru Trong dd ndng dan dugc coi la chuyen gia, la ddi tac, ddng vai trd chinh va trpng tam nghien cim thi nghiem tren hidi trudng ndng hd (Qn-farm station) Trong qua trinh thuc hien PTD, mot nhirng budc quan trpng nhat dugc danh gia la xac djnh nhu cau, trd ngai, xac djnh y tudng mdi va giai phap de de xuat cac thi nghiem hien trudng Trong qua trinh chuan doan van dl, xac djnh nhu cau, danh gia khd khan trd ngai, PTD thudng gap nhung khd khan, tao sir trdng chd, y lai tir phia ngudi ndng dan Chang ban, hp thudng ndi: "Trong lam PRA de chuan doan va xac djnh nhu ciu, chiing tdi da ndi rang ban ban la mdt vin dl va chiing tdi can cd thuy Igi Tai du an khdng cung cap thiiy Igi cho chung tdi?" ' Tel: 0912.349.765; Emcul: Prdu-TO@vnn.vn 150 Dieu cd the dan tdi sir khdng ben virng cua cac chuong trinh, du an, vi chuang trinh, du an k d thuc, khdng cdn dau tu hd trg tir ben ngoai thi tat ca deu "cudn gdi di"[2] Tam nhin (Vision) la btjc tranh ky vpng ve tuang lai, md ta muc dich cudi cimg can dat tdi, ndi len udc mudn, tham vpng, thiet lap djnh hudng, khudn khd de hoach djnh chien luge Do do, tam nhin cua ndng hd cd lien quan den muc dich phat trien ciia ndng hd Tam nhin ndng hd lap ke hoach chiln luge sinh ke (Households Visioning for Participatory Planning of Livelihoods Strategies) la tiep can mdi lap kl hoach, dugc du an PRDU (Participatory Research for Development in the Uplands) va 4FGF (Food, Feed, Fibre and Fuel for Green Future) Trung tam Ndng nghiep Nhiet ddi Qudc tl (CIAT) va Trung tam Khoai tay Quoc tl (CIP) ap dung cdng d Ham Yen (Tuyen Quang), Yen Minh va Quang Binh (Ha Giang), Na Ri (Bic Kan) va Bo Trach (Quang Binh) [3] Ung dung tiep can tim nhin lap ke hoach cac nghien ctJu thi nghiem hien trudng ndng dan khai thac triet de cac nguon luc npi tai, phat huy sir tu chii cua ndng dan va cdng ddng hien cd, khic phuc tam ly trdng chd y lai thudng gap tir ndng dan Trong pham vi bai bao nay, chung tdi xin gidi thieu each tilp can urng dung nghien ciru Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE va khuyen ndng cd sir tham gia Hy vgng se cd nhieu hiru ich ddi vdi qua trinh thilt lap va thuc hien cac nghien ciru thi nghiem tren hien trudng ndng hd Thu tuc va cac budc tien hanh lap ke hoach phan tich sinh ke Theo Td chirc Ndng nghiep va Luong thuc Lien hgp qudc (FAO), sinh ke bao gdm kha nang, tai san va cac boat ddng can thid can phai cd cho cupc sdng, tire la cac boat ddng ma ngudi dua vao dd de cd the sdng va tdn tai dugc [1]; Ndi each khac, sinh ke la phuang tien kiem sdng, la ngudn thu nhap, la each lam an de muu su sdng Sinh ke ndng hd bao gdm boat ddng ndng nghiep: trdng trpt (liia, ngd, san, khoai lang, rau, cay an qua, che, cao su, ), chan nudi (lgn, trau bd, gia cam, ca, ), lam nghiep, va cac boat dong phi ndng nghiep: budn ban, dai ly djch vu, phu cap, Diem mau chdt phan tich sinh kl la thao ludi nhdm cdng ddng ndng dan Cac cdng ddng ndng dan thi khdng ddng nhat Trong cdng ddng cd nhung ndng dan kha giau, mdt so ngudi khac thi ngheo hon; mdt sd hp la nam, va mdt sd la nu', cd nhdm ngudi gia, tre, Ham mudn sd thich cua cdng ddng ndng dan cung khdng gidng Trong mdt sd 76(14): 150- 154 ngudi cdng ddng thich trdng liia, mdt sd khac lai thich trdng cay an qua hon, hoac thich chan nudi hon, Vi the viec tri thao luan nhdm la phuong phap quan trpng de xac djnh cac van de, cac trd ngai cung nhu tim giai phap khac phuc tinh hinh hien tai Cd budc bay giai doan chinh qua trinh thao ludi nhdm de lap ke hoach dupe trinh bay bang - Bu&c 7: Tam nhin cac nhdm dugc hinh vdi sd lupng tii' 810-12 ngudi/nhdm, thdng thudng nhat la 12 ngudi/nhdm Cac nhdm khac ve gidi, xep loai kinh te hoac gidi va xep loai kinh te Thdng thudng, cd the hinh nhdm khac ve gidi va xep loai kinh te la: (1) nhdm nam gidi - khdng ngheo, (2) nhdm nam gidi - ngheo, (3) nhdm nii' gidi - khdng ngheo, va (4) nhdm nu' gidi - ngheo Sau dd cac nhdm tien hanh thao ludi rieng bid vdi ndi dung: (1) xac dinh mue tieu (birc tranh vien canh) gia dinh tuong lai bang each hay hinh dung gia dinh nhu nhu the nao vdng 3-5 nam tdi (2) kiem ke cac sinh ke ciia gia dinh, bao gdm sinh ke bidi cd va cd the de xuat cac sinh ke tuang lai, va (3) danh gia sd lupng sinh ke quan tam Bang Ba budc phan tich sinh ke lap ke hoach thi nghiem hien trudnsj IVIuc tieu ctia Cau hoi CO Vat lieu va bu'6'c the hoi phuong phap Muc tieu gia dinh tuang lai Ong (ba) mong muon gia dinh se nhu the nao vong 3-5 nam tai? - Giay A4, bill - Bai tap ve birc tranh Birc tranh gia dinh tuang lai Kiem ke eac hoat dong sinh ke De dat duac hire tranh tren gia dinh co nhtJng hoat dong sinh ke nao? - The mau, biit viet the - Moi the la mot sinh ke Danh sach cac hoat dong sinh ke cua gia dinh Danh gia so luang hoat dong sinh ke tap trung Trong nhom co bao nhieu hoat dong sinh ke tap trung - Giay Ao, biit viet giay Ao - Tong hap theo nhom So lugng hoat dong sinh ke tap trung cua nhom Phan lich sinh k6 tap trung Danh gia kho khan tra ngai tiem nSng va co hoi Hay cho biet cac kho khan trd ngai tiem nang va ca hpi san xuat ciia gia dinh? - Giay Ao, the mau, biit viet - Thao luan nhom tap trung - Giai phap de xuat - Danh sach cac thi nghiem de xuat Lap ke hoach thi Thiet lap thi nghiem/trinh dien Thi nghiem duoc thue hien nhu the nao? - Giay Ao, but - Thao luan nh6m To thi nghiem (muc tieu hoat dong, thai gian nguon l u c ) Bu6c Tam nhin va hoat dgng sinh kg nghiem Thong tin so lieu thu thap 151 Duong Van Son 76(14):I50- 154 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Baiiig2 Sir lira chpn ciia nhom ndng hp xa Kim Lu ve boat dong sinh ke xac djnh San Dong rieng Trau bo Lon Nam khong ngheo Nam ngheo 8 Nir khong ngheo Nir ngheo 12 Tong so 32 17 29 34 Khong ngheo 12 15 18 Ngheo 20 10 14 16 Nam 13 15 17 Nu 19 g 14 17 Nhom ho Trong trot Chan nuoi 49 63 Bang Ke hoach trien khai thi nghiem Ten thi nghiem: chua la va cii san tuai lam thirc an vo beo cho Ion , , , , , , Hoat dong ehinh cua thi nghiem Mue tieu: Nuoi Ign/ho bang thirc an ii chua la va cu san, sau thang dat it nhat 70 kg/con Nguon luc can thiet Thoi gian Ben Ben ngoai Chuan hi chuong trai va Ion giong thue hien Thang 10/2010 Gia dinh Chuan bi tui nilong, bao tai day buoc Thing 10/2010 Gia dinh, khuyen nong vien Thiet ke 16 thi nghiem Thang 10/2010 Ho thirc hien, khuyen nong vien Chuan bi la va cii san Thang 11/2010 Gia dinh Thang 11/2010 Ho thuc hien, nhom so thich, khuyen nong vien Nha khoa hoc Thang 11/2010 trd di moi thang I lan Ho thuc hien, nhom set thich, khuyen nong vien Nha khoa hoc Thang 12/2010 Ho thuc hien, nhom sd thich, khuyen nong vien Nha khoa hoc Tir thang 12/2010 tra di moi thang I lan Ho thirc hien nhdm sd thich, khuyen ndng vien Nha khoa hpc U chua la va cii san Lap hoc dong ruong nong dan Cho Ion an Theo doi ghi chep so lieu va danh gia Dieu CO ban d day la ludn thuc diy ndng dan dua vao birc tranh vien canh gia dinh dl can nhac xem can cd nhting boat ddng sinh kl bd sung hoac dieu chinh Vi du d bang chi su lua chpn hoat ddng sinh ke tap trung (sin, dong gieng, trau bd va Ign) cua nhdm ndng dan tham gia thao luan d xa Kim Lu (huyen Na Ri, tinh Bic Kan) - Bu&c 2: Xdc dinh chiin luac vd thao luan nhdm tap trung theo cdc chu di xdc dinh Do su ban che ve ngudn luc va thdi gian nen can xac djnh gidi ban cac cbii de tap trung Day cd the coi nhu la nhirng uu tien chien luge sinh ke Kinh nghiem ciia du an 4FGF ve thao luan sinh ke tap trung vl linh vuc ma du an quan tam la: san khoai lang/dong 152 Nha khoa hoc rieng va sir dung san pham phu (san, dong rieng) hoac cd lam thirc an chan nudi (Ign, trau bd) Theo do, nhdm tap trung theo chii de dugc hinh Dd la cac nhdm ndng dan cd ciing sd thich ve mot ITnh vuc, mot cay hay vat nudi cu the de thao luan cac khd khan trd ngai, tiem nang va ca hdi san xuat ciia gia dinh va dja phuong Muc dich thao luan la tim kiem va de xuat cac giai phap khic phuc cac trd ngai va thid lap cac hoat ddng hien trudng, cac thi nghiem, md hinh trinh dien vdi cac nhdm ndng dan hgp tac Dilu cdt Idi nghien ciru hien trudng la ndng dan dugc coi ddi tac cac nghien ciru phat trien ky thuat cd sir tham gia PTD Duong Van Son 76(14) : 150- 154 Tap chi KHOA HOG & GONG NGHE Bang Cac thii nghiem dupe trien khai dudi sir ho trp cua dir an 4FGF tai xa Kim Lu, Na Ri, Bac Kan TT Ten thi nghiem Trong xen lac/dau dd/ngo vdi san So sanh mot so gidng sin mai Quan ly xdi mdn dat trdng san So sanh mpt sd gidng dong rieng (5-8 giong) Trdng xen dong rieng vdi dau dd, lac, ngd , _ „ 10 -BifffcS: Ngu'6'1 thuc hien Thir nghiem mdt sd loai cd (ho hoa thao, hp dau) de lam thirc an trau bd Sir dung mdt sd phu pham ii chua cd san dia phuang (la san, cii san, than la ngd, ) de lam thuc an trau bd Su dung ba san/dong rieng lam thirc an vd beo trau bd Sir dung khoai lang, ba san, dong rieng ket hpp mpt sd bdt ndng san CO san de lam thirc an cho lpn U chua la va cii san tuai lam thirc an vd beo cho Ipn Xdc dinh ke hoachTN/trinh dien Trudc tien, xac djnh muc tieu cua thi nghiem hien trudng la ndi dung dau tien can dugc thao ludi Theo dd, nhdm ndng dan sd thich se tra Idi cau hdi rang cac thi nghiem hien trudng de xuat se dugc thuc hien nhu the nao? Cd nhung boat ddng gi can dugc thuc hien? nao tien hanh? Dae bid la cac boat dong dd se dugc thuc hien bang ngudn lire dia phuang nhu thi nao? Vi du d bang la td thi nghiem, dd xac djnh rd rang ke hoach trien khai thi nghiem, muc tieu thi nghiem, cac hoat ddng, thdi gian thuc hien, dac bid chi rd nguon lire can thid cho cac hoat ddng dd, bao gom hd thuc hien, nhdm sd thich, can bp khuyin ndng va nha khoa hpc Bang la Thon Hoang Thi Mdn Hat Ludng Hoang Thi Thuyen Hat Ludng Dinh Duy Hien Lung Cao Hoang van Nam Hat Ludng Hoang Chi Thinh Hat Ludng Dinh Duy Hien Liing Cao Ndng Thi Huyen Ban Chang Hoang Thi Thiiy Hat Ludng Ban Thi Thuy Lan Lung Cao Ndng Thi Diu Lung Cao Le Thi Hda Ban Chang Doan Thj Oanh Lung Cao Tran Van Dd Ban Chang Ma van Trang Lung Cao Ndng Nhu Cuang Ban Chang Bill Thi Lu Ddng Tam Ndng Van Cuang Ban Chang Ma van Trang Lung Cao Bill Thi Lu Ddmg Tam Bill Thi Lu Ddng Tam Ndng Nhu Cuang Ban Chang Hoang v a n Thudng Ddng Tam Nguyen Thi Lieu Ddng Tam Tran Thi Dam Ddng Tam Hoang van DQng Hat Ludng Ly Van Thudng Ban Chang Hoang van My Ban Chang cae thi nghiem dugc trien khai nam 2010 dudi sir hd trg cua du an 4FGF tai xa Kim Lu, huyen Na Ri, tinh Bac Kan Tdng thdi gian thuc hien thao luan cd the keo dai nira den mdt ngay, tiiy thudc vao cudng dp ciia ke hoach KET LUAN - Tam nhin hp gia dinh dua tren nguyen ly phan tich sinh ke va danh gia cd the giiip xac djnh chien luge sinh ke, hd trg lap ke hoach va thid lap cac nhdm ndng dan ciing sd thich, xac djnh ndng dan ddi tac de lap ke hoach va thuc hien cac can thiep, cac thi nghiem hien trudng PTD, cac nghien ciru va khuyen ndng ed sir tham gia 153 Duong Van Son 76(14):150-154 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Qua trinh lap kl hoach kich thich va thiic day su tu tin cua ndng hd, giup dd de ciing xac djnh cac ca hdi cho hgp tac va hd trg giira ndng dan, can bd khuyin ndng va nha nghien ciru Ndng dan la doi tac nghien cim, nen ngudi dan cin dugc tdn trpng va ddi xu cdng bing Dilu quan trpng la ludn khuyen khich ngudi dan dua tren the manh rieng ciia hg, sii' dung nguon lire rieng ciia hg va cdng dong, thuc diy thao luan nhdm sd thich vdi can bd khuyin ndng va nha khoa hpc ve cac lira chpn cho hgp tac hd trg, dd su phat trien ben vu'ng - Phan tich sinh ke thiet lap cac nghien ciru phat triln ky thuat hien trudng ndng dan bao gdm ca ngudi ngheo tham gia cac boat ddng nghien ciru thi nghiem va khuyen ndng, tir giup chiing ta nang cao dieu kien cd the giiip ngudi ngheo ndng thdn sir dung cac ky nang va ngudn luc ciia rieng hg de xda ddi giam ngheo TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] FAO Rapid guide for missions Analysing local Institutions and livelihoods By Alice Stewart Carloni, 2005 [2] Loma Sister, Keith Fahrney, Lao Thao and Duong Van Son Facilitating community dialogue for Improving livelihoods In PRDU Project In Lao PDR and Vietnam Upward Fieldnotes 2006 [3], Duong Van Son, 2010 Tdi lieu hod tdm nhin ndng ho phdn tich sinh ki xd Kim Lu, huyen Na Ri, tinh Bac Kan SUMMARY HOUSEHOLDS VISIONING FOR PARTICIPATORY PLANNING OF LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES: APPLYING IN PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Duong Van Son* College of Agriculture and Forestiy - TNU A difficulty emerged during the implementation of Participatory Technology Development (PTD) is that it usually creates the expectations from farmers, or they often rely on outsiders, therefore caused the unsustainability for positive impacts from projects or programs after these interventions stopped Households Visioning for Participatory Planning of Livelihoods Strategies is new an approach released by Intemational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in some projects The approach considers farmer as research partner and plays very an important role in PTD This approach builds on self-identified strengths and aspirations of households and communities It also encourages self reliance, but helps to identify opportunities for cooperation and support Key words: Participator)' Technoogy Development - PTD, On-farm station Households Vlslonlng ' 'Eel: 0912.349.765; Email; 154 Prdu-TQ@vnn.vn ... dong sinh ke nao? - The mau, biit viet the - Moi the la mot sinh ke Danh sach cac hoat dong sinh ke cua gia dinh Danh gia so luang hoat dong sinh ke tap trung Trong nhom co bao nhieu hoat dong sinh. .. vien canh) gia dinh tuong lai bang each hay hinh dung gia dinh nhu nhu the nao vdng 3-5 nam tdi (2) kiem ke cac sinh ke ciia gia dinh, bao gdm sinh ke bidi cd va cd the de xuat cac sinh ke tuang... mong muon gia dinh se nhu the nao vong 3-5 nam tai? - Giay A4, bill - Bai tap ve birc tranh Birc tranh gia dinh tuang lai Kiem ke eac hoat dong sinh ke De dat duac hire tranh tren gia dinh co