Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 7614:150- 154 TAM NHIN NONG HO LAP KE HOACH CHIEN LlTOfC SINH KE: Duong Van Son' Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Mo
Trang 1Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 76(14):150- 154
TAM NHIN NONG HO LAP KE HOACH CHIEN LlTOfC SINH KE:
Duong Van Son'
Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen
TOM T A T
Mot kho khan nay sinh trong qua trinh thuc hien nghien ciiu va khuyen nong cd sir tham gia la
thuong tao ra su qua mong dpi va trdng chd y lai cua nong dan, do dd anh hudng den su ben virng
cua cac chuong trinh, du an sau khi cac can thiep ben ngoai ket thiic Tam nhin nong hp lap ke
hoach chien lupc sinh ke la tiep can mdi trong lap ke hoach dang dupe Trung tam Nong nghiep
Nhiet ddi Qu6c te ap dung trong mot s6 du an Tiep can tam nhin trong lap ke hoach cac nghien
ciru thi nghiem hien trudng nong dan da coi ndng dan la doi tac va co vai trd quan trpng Uong
nghien ciiu va khuyen n6ng cd sir tham gia U'ng dung tiep can nay cd the khai thac triet de cac
ngu6n lire npi tai, phat huy sir tu chu cua nong dan va cong ddng hien cd, khac phuc tam ly trong
chd y lai thudng gap tir nong dan
Tir khoa: Phdt trien ky thuat cd su tham gia, hien trudng ndng ho, tdm nhin ndng hd
DAT VAN DE
Nghien ciru vd khuyen ndng cd su tham gia
hay edn cd ten gpi khac la: Phdt trien ky thuat
cd sir tham gia (Participatory Technoogy
Development - PTD), hoac Thi nghiem vd
khuyen ndng tren ca sd cdng ddng la each
tiep cdi de nghien ciru va phat triln ky thud
dira tren mdi quan he tuong tac tam giac ba
ben: ndng dan, can bd khuyen ndng va nha
nghien ciru Trong dd ndng dan dugc coi la
chuyen gia, la ddi tac, ddng vai trd chinh va
trpng tam trong nghien cim thi nghiem tren
hidi trudng ndng hd (Qn-farm station) Trong
qua trinh thuc hien PTD, mot trong nhirng
budc quan trpng nhat dugc danh gia la xac
djnh nhu cau, trd ngai, xac djnh y tudng mdi
va giai phap de de xuat cac thi nghiem hien
trudng Trong qua trinh chuan doan van dl,
xac djnh nhu cau, danh gia khd khan trd ngai,
PTD thudng gap nhung khd khan, tao ra sir
trdng chd, y lai tir phia ngudi ndng dan
Chang ban, hp thudng ndi: "Trong khi lam
PRA de chuan doan va xac djnh nhu ciu,
chiing tdi da ndi rang ban ban la mdt vin dl
va chiing tdi can cd thuy Igi Tai sao du an
khdng cung cap thiiy Igi cho chung tdi?"
' Tel: 0912.349.765; Emcul: Prdu-TO@vnn.vn
Dieu nay cd the dan tdi sir khdng ben virng cua cac chuong trinh, du an, vi khi chuang trinh, du an k d thuc, khdng cdn dau tu hd trg tir ben ngoai thi tat ca deu "cudn gdi ra di"[2] Tam nhin (Vision) la btjc tranh ky vpng ve tuang lai, md ta muc dich cudi cimg can dat tdi, ndi len udc mudn, tham vpng, thiet lap djnh hudng, khudn khd de hoach djnh chien luge Do do, tam nhin cua ndng hd cd lien quan den muc dich phat trien ciia ndng hd Tam nhin ndng hd lap ke hoach chiln luge sinh ke (Households Visioning for Participatory Planning of Livelihoods Strategies) la tiep can mdi trong lap kl hoach, dugc du an PRDU (Participatory Research for Development in the Uplands) va 4FGF (Food, Feed, Fibre and Fuel for Green Future) do Trung tam Ndng nghiep Nhiet ddi Qudc tl (CIAT) va Trung tam Khoai tay Quoc tl (CIP) ap dung thanh cdng d Ham Yen (Tuyen Quang), Yen Minh va Quang Binh (Ha Giang), Na Ri (Bic Kan) va Bo Trach (Quang Binh) [3] Ung dung tiep can tim nhin trong lap ke hoach cac nghien ctJu thi nghiem hien trudng ndng dan khai thac triet de cac nguon luc npi tai, phat huy sir tu chii cua ndng dan
va cdng ddng hien cd, khic phuc tam ly trdng chd y lai thudng gap tir ndng dan Trong pham vi bai bao nay, chung tdi xin gidi thieu each tilp can nay urng dung trong nghien ciru
Trang 2va khuyen ndng cd sir tham gia Hy vgng se
cd nhieu hiru ich ddi vdi qua trinh thilt lap va
thuc hien cac nghien ciru thi nghiem tren hien
trudng ndng hd
Thu tuc va cac budc tien hanh lap ke
hoach phan tich sinh ke
Theo Td chirc Ndng nghiep va Luong thuc
Lien hgp qudc (FAO), sinh ke bao gdm kha
nang, tai san va cac boat ddng can thid can
phai cd cho cupc sdng, tire la cac boat ddng
ma con ngudi dua vao dd de cd the sdng va
tdn tai dugc [1]; Ndi each khac, sinh ke la
phuang tien kiem sdng, la ngudn thu nhap, la
each lam an de muu su sdng Sinh ke ndng
hd bao gdm boat ddng ndng nghiep: trdng
trpt (liia, ngd, san, khoai lang, rau, cay an
qua, che, cao su, ), chan nudi (lgn, trau bd,
gia cam, ca, ), lam nghiep, va cac boat
dong phi ndng nghiep: budn ban, dai ly djch
vu, phu cap,
Diem mau chdt trong phan tich sinh kl la thao
ludi nhdm cdng ddng ndng dan Cac cdng
ddng ndng dan thi khdng ddng nhat Trong
cdng ddng cd nhung ndng dan kha giau, mdt
so ngudi khac thi ngheo hon; mdt sd hp la
nam, va mdt sd la nu', cd nhdm ngudi gia,
tre, Ham mudn sd thich cua cdng ddng ndng
dan cung khdng gidng nhau Trong khi mdt sd
ngudi trong cdng ddng nay thich trdng liia, mdt sd khac lai thich trdng cay an qua hon, hoac thich chan nudi hon, Vi the viec duy tri thao luan nhdm la phuong phap quan trpng
de xac djnh cac van de, cac trd ngai cung nhu tim ra giai phap khac phuc tinh hinh hien tai
Cd 3 budc bay 3 giai doan chinh trong qua trinh thao ludi nhdm de lap ke hoach dupe trinh bay trong bang 1
- Bu&c 7: Tam nhin
cac nhdm dugc hinh thanh vdi sd lupng tii' 8-10-12 ngudi/nhdm, thdng thudng nhat la 12 ngudi/nhdm Cac nhdm nay khac nhau ve gidi, xep loai kinh te hoac gidi va xep loai kinh te Thdng thudng, cd the hinh thanh 4 nhdm khac nhau ve gidi va xep loai kinh te la: (1) nhdm nam gidi - khdng ngheo, (2) nhdm nam gidi - ngheo, (3) nhdm nii' gidi - khdng ngheo, va (4) nhdm nu' gidi - ngheo
Sau dd cac nhdm tien hanh thao ludi rieng bid vdi 3 ndi dung: (1) xac dinh mue tieu (birc tranh vien canh) gia dinh trong tuong lai bang each hay hinh dung gia dinh nhu nhu the nao trong vdng 3-5 nam tdi (2) kiem ke cac sinh ke ciia gia dinh, bao gdm sinh ke bidi cd
va cd the de xuat cac sinh ke tuang lai, va (3) danh gia sd lupng sinh ke quan tam
Bang 1 Ba budc phan tich sinh ke lap ke hoach thi nghiem hien trudnsj
Bu6c
Tam nhin
va hoat
dgng sinh
kg
Phan lich
sinh k6 tap
trung
Lap ke
hoach thi
nghiem
IVIuc tieu ctia
bu'6'c
Muc tieu gia dinh
trong tuang lai
Kiem ke eac hoat
dong sinh ke
Danh gia so luang
hoat dong sinh ke
tap trung
Danh gia kho
khan tra ngai
tiem nSng va co
hoi
Thiet lap thi
nghiem/trinh dien
Cau hoi CO the hoi
Ong (ba) mong muon gia dinh se nhu the nao trong vong 3-5 nam tai?
De dat duac hire tranh tren gia dinh co nhtJng hoat dong sinh ke nao?
Trong nhom co bao nhieu hoat dong sinh ke tap trung
Hay cho biet cac kho khan trd ngai tiem nang va ca hpi trong san xuat ciia gia dinh?
Thi nghiem duoc thue hien nhu the nao?
Vat lieu va phuong phap
- Giay A4, bill
- Bai tap ve birc tranh
- The mau, biit viet the
- Moi the la mot sinh ke
- Giay Ao, biit viet giay
Ao
- Tong hap theo nhom
- Giay Ao, the mau, biit viet
- Thao luan nhom tap trung
- Giay Ao, but
- Thao luan nh6m
Thong tin so lieu thu thap
Birc tranh gia dinh trong tuang lai
Danh sach cac hoat dong sinh ke cua gia dinh
So lugng hoat dong sinh ke tap trung cua nhom
- Giai phap de xuat
- Danh sach cac thi nghiem de xuat
To thi nghiem (muc tieu hoat dong, thai gian nguon l u c )
Trang 3Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 76(14):I50- 154
Bai
Nhom
iig2
ho
Sir lira chpn ciia nhom
San
ndng hp xa Kim Lu Dong rieng
ve 4 boat dong sinh ke
Trau bo
xac djnh
Lon
Nam khong ngheo
Nam ngheo
Nir khong ngheo
Nir ngheo
Tong so
Khong ngheo
Ngheo
Nam
Nu
3
8
7
12
32
12
20
13
19
4
5
3
5
17
7
10
9
g
7
8
8
6
29
15
14
15
14
9
8
9
8
34
18
16
17
17
Trong trot
49
Chan nuoi
63
Bang 3 Ke hoach trien khai thi nghiem
Ten thi nghiem: 0 chua la va cii san tuai lam thirc an vo beo
cho Ion
, , , , , , Thoi gian
Hoat dong ehinh cua thi nghiem
thue hien
Mue tieu: Nuoi 5 con Ign/ho bang thirc an ii chua
la va cu san, sau 5 thang dat it nhat 70 kg/con
Nguon luc can thiet Ben trong Ben ngoai
Chuan hi chuong trai va Ion giong
Chuan bi tui nilong, bao tai day buoc
Thiet ke 16 thi nghiem
Chuan bi la va cii san
U chua la va cii san
Lap hoc dong ruong nong dan
Cho Ion an
Theo doi ghi chep so lieu va danh gia
Thang 10/2010 Thing 10/2010 Thang 10/2010 Thang 11/2010 Thang 11/2010
Thang 11/2010 trd
di moi thang I lan Thang 12/2010
Tir thang 12/2010 tra
di moi thang I lan
Dieu CO ban d day la ludn thuc diy ndng dan
dua vao birc tranh vien canh gia dinh dl can
nhac xem can cd nhting boat ddng sinh kl bd
sung hoac dieu chinh Vi du d bang 2 chi ra
su lua chpn hoat ddng sinh ke tap trung (sin,
dong gieng, trau bd va Ign) cua 4 nhdm ndng
dan tham gia thao luan d xa Kim Lu (huyen
Na Ri, tinh Bic Kan)
- Bu&c 2: Xdc dinh chiin luac vd thao luan
nhdm tap trung theo cdc chu di xdc dinh
Do su ban che ve ngudn luc va thdi gian nen
can xac djnh gidi ban cac cbii de tap trung
Day cd the coi nhu la nhirng uu tien chien
luge sinh ke Kinh nghiem ciia du an 4FGF
ve thao luan sinh ke tap trung vl 3 linh vuc
ma du an quan tam la: san khoai lang/dong
Gia dinh Gia dinh, khuyen nong vien
Ho thirc hien, khuyen nong vien Nha khoa hoc
Gia dinh
Ho thuc hien, nhom so thich, Nha khoa hoc khuyen nong vien
Ho thuc hien, nhom set thich, Nha khoa hoc khuyen nong vien
Ho thuc hien, nhom sd thich, Nha khoa hoc khuyen nong vien
Ho thirc hien nhdm sd thich, Nha khoa hpc khuyen ndng vien
rieng va sir dung san pham phu (san, dong rieng) hoac cd lam thirc an chan nudi (Ign, trau bd)
Theo do, nhdm tap trung theo chii de dugc hinh thanh Dd la cac nhdm ndng dan cd ciing
sd thich ve mot ITnh vuc, mot cay trong hay vat nudi cu the de thao luan cac khd khan trd ngai, tiem nang va ca hdi trong san xuat ciia gia dinh va dja phuong Muc dich thao luan la tim kiem va de xuat cac giai phap khic phuc cac trd ngai va thid lap cac hoat ddng hien trudng, cac thi nghiem, md hinh trinh dien vdi cac nhdm ndng dan hgp tac Dilu cdt Idi trong nghien ciru hien trudng la ndng dan dugc coi ddi tac trong cac nghien ciru phat trien ky thuat cd sir tham gia PTD
Trang 4Bang 4 Cac thi
TT
i nghiem dupe trien khai dudi sir ho trp cua dir an 4FGF tai xa
Ten thi nghiem
Kim Lu, Na Ri, Bac Kan Ngu'6'1 thuc hien Thon
1 Trong xen lac/dau dd/ngo vdi san
2 So sanh mot so gidng sin mai
3 Quan ly xdi mdn dat trdng san
4 So sanh mpt sd gidng dong rieng (5-8 giong)
5 Trdng xen dong rieng vdi dau dd, lac, ngd
, Thir nghiem mdt sd loai cd (ho hoa thao, hp dau) de lam thirc an
trau bd
_ Sir dung mdt sd phu pham ii chua cd san dia phuang (la san, cii san,
than la ngd, ) de lam thuc an trau bd
8 Su dung ba san/dong rieng lam thirc an vd beo trau bd
„ Sir dung khoai lang, ba san, dong rieng ket hpp mpt sd bdt ndng san
CO san de lam thirc an cho lpn
10 U chua la va cii san tuai lam thirc an vd beo cho Ipn
Hoang Thi Mdn Hoang Thi Thuyen Dinh Duy Hien Hoang v a n Nam Hoang Chi Thinh Dinh Duy Hien Ndng Thi Huyen Hoang Thi Thiiy Ban Thi Thuy Lan Ndng Thi Diu
Le Thi Hda
Doan Thj Oanh Tran Van Dd
Ma v a n Trang Ndng Nhu Cuang Bill Thi Lu Ndng Van Cuang
Ma v a n Trang Bill Thi Lu Bill Thi Lu Ndng Nhu Cuang Hoang v a n Thudng Nguyen Thi Lieu Tran Thi Dam Hoang van DQng
Ly Van Thudng Hoang van My
Hat Ludng Hat Ludng Lung Cao Hat Ludng Hat Ludng Liing Cao Ban Chang Hat Ludng Lung Cao Lung Cao Ban Chang
Lung Cao Ban Chang Lung Cao Ban Chang Ddng Tam Ban Chang Lung Cao Ddmg Tam Ddng Tam Ban Chang Ddng Tam Ddng Tam Ddng Tam Hat Ludng Ban Chang Ban Chang
-BifffcS: Xdc dinh ke hoachTN/trinh dien
Trudc tien, xac djnh muc tieu cua thi nghiem
hien trudng la ndi dung dau tien can dugc
thao ludi Theo dd, nhdm ndng dan sd thich
se tra Idi cau hdi rang cac thi nghiem hien
trudng de xuat se dugc thuc hien nhu the
nao? Cd nhung boat ddng gi can dugc thuc
hien? khi nao tien hanh? Dae bid la cac boat
dong dd se dugc thuc hien bang ngudn lire dia
phuang nhu thi nao? Vi du d bang 3 la td thi
nghiem, trong dd xac djnh rd rang ke hoach
trien khai thi nghiem, muc tieu thi nghiem,
cac hoat ddng, thdi gian thuc hien, dac bid
chi rd nguon lire can thid cho cac hoat ddng
dd, bao gom hd thuc hien, nhdm sd thich, can
bp khuyin ndng va nha khoa hpc Bang 4 la
cae thi nghiem dugc trien khai nam 2010 dudi sir hd trg cua du an 4FGF tai xa Kim Lu, huyen Na Ri, tinh Bac Kan
Tdng thdi gian thuc hien thao luan cd the keo dai nira ngay den mdt ngay, tiiy thudc vao cudng dp ciia ke hoach
KET LUAN
- Tam nhin hp gia dinh dua tren nguyen ly phan tich sinh ke va danh gia cd the giiip xac djnh chien luge sinh ke, hd trg trong lap ke hoach va thid lap cac nhdm ndng dan ciing sd thich, xac djnh ndng dan ddi tac de lap ke hoach va thuc hien cac can thiep, cac thi nghiem hien trudng PTD, cac nghien ciru va khuyen ndng ed sir tham gia
Trang 5Duong Van Son Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 76(14):150-154
- Qua trinh lap kl hoach kich thich va thiic day
su tu tin cua ndng hd, giup dd de ciing nhau
xac djnh cac ca hdi cho hgp tac va hd trg giira
ndng dan, can bd khuyin ndng va nha nghien
ciru Ndng dan la doi tac nghien cim, nen
ngudi dan cin dugc tdn trpng va ddi xu cdng
bing Dilu quan trpng la ludn khuyen khich
ngudi dan dua tren the manh rieng ciia hg,
sii' dung nguon lire rieng ciia hg va cdng
dong, thuc diy thao luan nhdm sd thich vdi
can bd khuyin ndng va nha khoa hpc ve cac
lira chpn cho hgp tac hd trg, do dd su phat
trien ben vu'ng
- Phan tich sinh ke thiet lap cac nghien ciru
phat triln ky thuat hien trudng ndng dan bao
gdm ca ngudi ngheo tham gia cac boat ddng
nghien ciru thi nghiem va khuyen ndng, tir do
giup chiing ta nang cao dieu kien cd the giiip ngudi ngheo ndng thdn sir dung cac ky nang va ngudn luc ciia rieng hg de xda ddi giam ngheo
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
[1] FAO Rapid guide for missions Analysing local Institutions and livelihoods By Alice
Stewart Carloni, 2005
[2] Loma Sister, Keith Fahrney, Lao Thao and
Duong Van Son Facilitating community dialogue for Improving livelihoods In PRDU Project In Lao PDR and Vietnam Upward Fieldnotes 2006 [3], Duong Van Son, 2010 Tdi lieu hod tdm nhin ndng ho phdn tich sinh ki xd Kim Lu, huyen Na Ri, tinh Bac Kan
SUMMARY
HOUSEHOLDS VISIONING FOR PARTICIPATORY PLANNING OF
LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES: APPLYING IN PARTICIPATORY
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Duong Van Son*
College of Agriculture and Forestiy - TNU
A difficulty emerged during the implementation of Participatory Technology Development (PTD)
is that it usually creates the expectations from farmers, or they often rely on outsiders, therefore caused the unsustainability for positive impacts from projects or programs after these interventions stopped Households Visioning for Participatory Planning of Livelihoods Strategies is new an approach released by Intemational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in some projects The approach considers farmer as research partner and plays very an important role in PTD This approach builds on self-identified strengths and aspirations of households and communities It also encourages self reliance, but helps to identify opportunities for cooperation and support
Key words: Participator)' Technoogy Development - PTD, On-farm station Households
Vlslonlng
' 'Eel: 0912.349.765; Email; Prdu-TQ@vnn.vn