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QUA TRINH BAO LUU VA HOI NHAP VAN HOA CUA CONG DONG NGUOI VIET DONG BAC THAI LAN • • • • NGUYEN HONG QUANG* I KHAI QUAT VE SU" HINH THANH CONG DONG N G l / O l VIET THAI L A N Vi ten ggi: TrUde day ngUdi T h a i thudng gpi chung ngUdi Viet Nam la "Keo" va "Dudn" nhUng g i n day tfl "Keo" khdng cdn dflde dflng nfla Cac eong trinh nghien eflu ve ngUdi Viet d Thai Lan tfl nhflng nam 1970 trd ve trude thifdng viet la "Dudn" vf du nhU cud'n saeh nghien eflu ve ngfldi Viet d Thai lan cfla Khachaphay Buruteaphat, x u a t b a n tai Bang cde nam 1977 cflng viet la "Dudn dp pa d6'p"''^\ Ke tfl Cdng hda Xa hdi Chfl nghia Viet Nam va Thai Lan cd mdi quan he ngoai giao chinh thflc (thang 8/1976) thi eae tai lieu cfla Thai thfldng viet la "Khon Viet" hay "Khon Viet Nam" hai tfl deu cd nghia la ngfldi Viet hay ngUdi Viet Nam Mdt cum tfl ehung va d i y du nha't hien ngfldi Thai gpi ngudi Viet Nam sinh sd'ng lau dai t r e n dat Thai la "Khon Thai chda sdi chao ngUdi Viet sfl dung cho cdng ddng ngUdi Viet dinh eU d nude ngdai, nhflng ngudi Viet sinh sd'ng d Thai Lan gpi la "Viet kieu Thai Lan" Thee cac tai lieu nghien cflu, ngUdi Viet dau tien da cd m a t d Ayuthaya, Thai Lan tfl the ky XVI*'^' Giai doan nha nfldc Ayuthaya da rad cfla giao luu hang hoa bang dudng bien vdi cac nUde phUdng Tay nhu Bd Dao Nha, Ha Lan, Phap Vao gifla the ky XVII tai Ayuthaya da xuat hien "Lang Viet Nam" hay "Trai Viet Nam", hp d cflng vdi eae lang, trai cfla cac nhdra ngfldi nflde ngoai khae da den dinh cfl d day nhfl "Trai cfla ngfldi Bd Dao Nha, ngfldi Ha Lan, ngfldi Trung Qudc, ngfldi Ma Lai va ngfldi Nhat" Ngfldi Viet den Thai Lan thdi ky nhieu nguyen n h a n khae n h a u nhfl: budn ban bang dudng bien, rapt sd' khae bi b i t lam tfl binh chien t r a n h hoae nhflng nguyen n h a n ve kinh te' Thdi ky Thonburi (1767- 1782), mpt sd Viet Nam"*^' Vao ngfldi trdng gia quyen va thudc cua nhflng n a m 1970 cum tfl "Viet kieu" dupe chfla Nguyen day binh chdng Tay Sdn * Ths, NCS Nguyin Hong Quang, Vien nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 42 nhung da hi that bai da ehay sang Bang Cd'c, dupe vua Takxin tad dieu kien thuan giflp dd va Cdi hp la "gia dinh Hdang tdc lflu vong" Sau mdt sd' da d lai sinh sd'ng d Thai Lan khdng trd ve Viet Nam Nghien eifu Ddng Nam A 5/2011 ngUdi da vUdt sdng Me Cdng sang vflng Ddng Bie Thai Lan NgUdi Viet nhdp cU vdo Dong Bac Thdi Lan sau ndm 1945 Ddt di cU ldn nha't cfla ngfldi Viet vao vflng Ddng Bic Thai Lan dd la vao thdi ky nam 1945-1946 Nguyen nhan dd cupc chien tranh cfla Phap d Ddng Dfldng, dac biet la sfl kien Tha Khee (Lao) thang nam 1946 Sau nhan dan Viet Nam va Lao doan ket chie'n da'u chd'ng thiie dan Phap bi that bai, nhim tranh sfl tra thfl cfla Phap, ngfldi Viet da phai ehay trdn sang Thai lanh nan Ngfldi Thai gpi nhflng ngUdi Viet nhap cU thdi ky la Vao trieu dai vua Rama III (1824- "Khon Dudn gp pa ddp" (ngUdi Viet tan cfl 1858), da xay mpt so' cupc chie'n tranh hay ngfldi Viet di cfl) hay "Dudn May" gifla Xiem vdi Dai Viet tren dat (ngfldi Viet mdi) Ngfldi Viet di cfl sang Campuehia keo dai sud't 15 nam, nhieu tfl Thai tap trung chfl ye'u b cac tinh: Noong binh la ngfldi Viet hi bat dfla ve Sam Xen Khai, Uddn Thani, Nakhon Phandm va NgUdi Viet nhdp cU vdo Dong Bac Thdi Sakdn Nakhon, Muc Da Han, Ubdn Lan trUdc ndm 1945; D\ibi trieu dai vua Ratchathani Theo so' thd'ng ke cfla Rama IV (1851 - 1868): Day la ddt di cfl canh sat Thai Lan thi so' lUdng ngfldi Viet ddng die cfla ngfldi Viet, chu yeu la tfl di eU tfl Campuehia va Lao sang Thai Lan mien Trung va mien Bic cfla Viet Nam giai doan 1945-1946 khoang 46.700 Phan ldn di efl bing dfldng bd sang Lao rdi ngUdi, khding 13.000 gia dinh vfldt sdng Me Cdng den vflng Ddng Bic Nguyen nhan di cfl la d nhflng ndi ho sinh n QUA TRINH BAG LUU v A HOI sd'ng dieu kien thien tai khic nghiet, NHAP V A N H O A ban han, lu lut dan den mat mfla, cpng vdi sfl dan ap tdn giao dfldi trieu vua Minh Giuf gin ban sac v a n hoa Mang (1820-1841)*'" Khi ndi de'n ban sic van hda Viet Nam De'n thdi ky Bdng Co'c (Td Trieu dqi Rama I - den Rama IID.Yko nam 1782 Nguyen Phflc Anh, sau hi quan Tay Sdn danh bai d Sai Gdn - Gia Dinh, da cflng vdi gia quyen va nhdm tan quan tim dfldng ehay sang cau cflu vua Xiem la Raraa I (1782 -1809) Vua Xiem cho cfl trfl tai Sim Xen va cho hfldng nhieu flu dai, sau Nguyen anh trd ve nUdc, nhUng met sd'nhdm ngudi da chpn d lai Bang Cd'c Vao cudi the ky XIX dau the ky XX, sau thflc dan Phap da hoan ta't viec xam chie'm Viet Nam, thflc dan Phap da gia tang sfl dd hd ddi vdi nhan dan Viet Nam Phap da dfla nhieu chinh sach sflu thue nang ne va bat phu dich da khien hang loat ngfldi dan mien Trung, va mien Bic da di cfl sang Lad, mdt so' la ndi den nen tang van hda cfla ngfldi dan Viet Nam dfldc bao Iflu va xay dflng tfl hang ngan nam qua nhieu the he Vdi nhflng ly khae lich sfl, nhieu edng ddng ngUdi Viet Nam da di cfl den sinh sd'ng d mdt sd' qud'c gia tren the gidi nhu: My, Phap, AustraUa, Nga, Thai Lan, Lao, Campuehia nhflng dfl vdi bat Nguyen Hdng Quang - Qud trinh hdo Itfu vd hqi nhdp vdn hoa ky ly nao thi ngfldi Viet van dem theo va t r a n trpng gin gifl nhflng t i n h hoa van hoa cfla dan tdc Theo sd' thd'ng ke cfla fly b a n ngfldi nfldc ngoai hien ed k h o i n g 100.000 ngfldi Viet N a m hien dang sinh sd'ng d Thai Lan Nhflng ngfldi Viet di efl sang Thai nam 1946, sau den Thai Lan, da n h a n dflde sfl giflp dd cfla n h a n dan Thai Cdng ddng ngfldi Viet d day cd t i n h t h a n doan ket va yeu nude eao, ludn y thflc viec gin gifl van hoa dan tdc, dac biet la nhung ngfldi Viet kieu the he thfl nha't t i n cu' sang Thai tfl n a m 1946 Tinh t h a n dd dfldc kieu bao the hien qua hai cupc ehien t r a n h chd'ng P h a p va chd'ng My Ngay tfl mdi sang Thai, ngfldi Viet da lap nen dfldc 11 ehien k h u each m a n g tren dat Thai va dao tao nhflng t h a n h nien Viet kieu yeu nfldc gfli ve nfldc Trong cupc ehien t r a n h chd'ng My, Viet kieu da lap cac phong trao: "Lao ddng ddng tam", "Hu gao ddng tam", "Ban hang ddng tara", rdi de'n cac phong trao "Nd hoa danh My", "Dflng si diet My" n h i m tiet kiera rdi gdp t h a n h quy gfli ve nu'dc Ddng B i c Thai Lan, ddi sd'ng hang cfla ngfldi Viet, van ed nhieu gia dinh sd'ng theo phong tue van hda truyen thd'ng cfla ngfldi Viet nhfl giao tiep vdi n h a u b i n g tieng Viet, flng xfl vdi theo each flng xfl ed ban cfla gia dinh ngu'di Viet nhfl tdn trpng thfl bae trdng gia dinh kinh tren nhfldng dfldi, ngUdi cdn trai ca van cd vai trd ldn gia dinh Viee thd cflng td tien va cac gid tet nam v i n dfldc tien h a n h day dfl theo phong tuc cfla ngfldi Viet De td long kinh trpng ddi vdi Bac Hd nhieu gia dinh vsin thd inii Bac ket hdp tren ban thd td tien ban thd td 43 tien thudng dUdc dat t r a n g trpng gifla nha hdac tren phdng thd rieng Trong cae le trpng dai, tet Nguyen dan cfla dan tdc mpt so' gia dinh van td chflc ddn mflng nhu d Viet Nara Dac biet nhflng tet Nguyen dan Viet kieu thfldng mdi ba eon ngfldi Thai cflng thara dfl, giad lflu van hda Trdng cae phong tue van hda cfla ngfldi Viet d Thai thi phong tuc tang ma la the hien rd net n h a t viec bao lu'u gifl gin van hoa Viet (mdt phan la vi ngu'di Thai ban dia sau cd ngfldi t h a n qua ddi hp thudng lara le hoa t a n g cac n h a chfla) Day la rapt nhflng phong tuc van hoa dUdc cho la cdn dara net van hoa Viet nha't Mdi cd ngUdi t h a n qua ddi, ba Cdn d edng ddng deu tdi phflng vieng va dfla tang Dam t a n g dupe ba cdn td chflc rat ehu dao tfl viec td chflc kham liem den mai tang Rat nhieu Viet kieu the he thfl hai da y thflc dfldc viec lam cfla the he di tru'dc, hp cflng da mat nhieu cdng sfle de tira tdi va each viet rapt bai dieu van b i n g tie'ng Viet cho hoan chinh Dieu cflng la nhflng hinh thflc the hien long hieu thao cfla cai ddi vdi cha rae, lara eho ngfldi t h a n cfla hp dflde am ldng dfldc yen nghi ndi da't khaeh que ngfldi Ve vdn hda dm thiic, ed the ndi rang cdng ddng ngfldi Viet da gdp phan q u i n g ba trfle tie'p van hoa am thfle ndi rieng va van hoa Viet Nara ndi chung den vdi da't nflde Thai Lan NgUdi Viet d Thai Lan da mang dUde nhflng tinh hoa van hda am thfle truyen thd'ng cfla ngfldi Viet den vdi "bep an" cfla ngu'di Thai Van hda am thflc cfla ngfldi Viet d Ddng Bac khdng nhflng dfldc gifl gin ma hap dan ddi 44 vdi ngfldi dan tren k h i p nflde Thai Cd the ke de'n rapt sd' mdn an chinh cdn tfldng ddi t h u a n Viet hien dang phd bien rdng rai d Ddng B i c da dfldc g i n vdi ten Thai va dfldc ngfldi Thai fla chupng nhfl: Gid (Mfl gio), Nem nUdng (Nem nUdng), Nem cud'n (Pd pia set), Nem r a n (Nem thdt), C h i tdra (Kung pan oi), Rud'e (Mfl dong), Banh chflng (Banh chflng M i t Dudn), Phd (Khuay tieu), B a n h cud'n (Khao kiep pae mo), Banh xeo (Kha ndm hfldng Dudn) Viec tri tieng Viet cfla cdng ddng ngfldi Viet d Ddng b i c Thai n h i m de khdng t h a t truyen van hea Viet Hien chfl trfldng cfla ngfldi Viet d Thai Lan la se xay dflng eae cdng ddng n h a m muc dich trad ddi hpc tap tieng Viet Dieu dang chfl y la giao tie'p gia dinh thdng thfldng neu cd the' he thfl n h a t va the he thfl hai hp thfldng sfl dung tieng Viet, neu cd c i the he thfl ba thi hp thfldng sfl dung tieng Thai Nhieu gia dinh hien r a t y thflc quan t a m den viec day tieng Viet cho cac the he sau khdng nhflng the he eon ma edn e i the he chau cfla hp Tuy nhien nguy cd m a t tieng Viet the he kieu bao thfl ba trd di da dfldc neu tai nhieu cupc gap m a t gap gd vdi dai dien cfla Uy ban ngfldi Viet Nam d nflde ngdai P h a n ldn kieu bae the he thfl nha't hy vpng Chinh phfl ed nhflng hd trd ve sach giae khda, thiet hi day hpc tieng Viet va dau tfl trfldng ldp de cd the tri tieng Viet che cac the he tiep theo Dfldc sfl quan t a m ldn cfla the he Viet kieu di trflde va sfl quan t a m cfla chinh phfl, hien n h i e u t i n h nhfl N a k h o n Phandm, Sakdn Nakhon, Udon thani da ed phong trao hpc tieng Viet sau rdng the he tre*°' Nghien eifu Ddng Nam A 5/2011 Viec y thflc gin gifl nen van hoa Viet Nam tai Thai Lan, dfldc tri mdt each tUdng ddi td't cd the dd nhflng ly do: The he Viet kieu eao tudi d Ddng Bic Thai Lan la rapt the he Viet kieu ed tinh t h i n doan ke't va yeu nUdc Rat nhieu ngUdi trdng sd'hp tflng la giao vien, can bp cdn d ben Lae, nhieu ngudi cd the ndi dupe e i thfl tieng Viet -Thai - Lao Hp la nhflng ngUdi ed tri thflc, n h a n thflc cad ve sfl p h a t trien cfla xa hdi, vi vay it cd sfl lai cang van hoa Viet Hp la nhflng ngfldi ludn kfnh trpng td tien dng ba, nhflng nara khd k h a n n h a t Viet kieu bi chinh quyen Thai dan ap nhflng hp van lap ban thd td tien, b a n thd thd Bac Hd, ban thd td qud'c va day tieng Viet cho em de tri van hda Viet kieu Thai Lan (dac biet la the he thfl nha't) la nhflng ngfldi ddng gdp nhieu cdng sfle de b i d ve va tri van hoa Viet Nam hien Trong nhflng l i n dfldc ve t h a m dat nfldc, Viet kieu da de xua't vdi Uy ban ve ngUdi Viet N a m d nUde ngeai va ehfnh phfl ve van de ve n h a p qud'c tich, day tieng Viet va tri van hoa Viet Hien h a u het kieu bao tai Thai Lan da dfldc cap gia'y phep cfl trfl hdp phap nen ba eon yen tam lam an, sinh sd'ng lau dai Viee gin gifl van hoa cfla ngfldi Viet b Thai Lan da dfldc tac gia Meri Muktari viet treng bai: Phong cdch Viet Nam d Thdi Lan dang tren bao P h u c h a t e a n cfla Thai Lan 12/9/2006 da n h a n m a n h den edng ddng Viet kieu, trai qua the he sinh sd'ng d Thai lan v i n tri nhflng net tdt dep cfla dan tdc: "Nhdng mdn dn thudn Viet nhU chdo, bdnh cudn, bdnh mi kep vd cd phe vdn hien dien hdng ngdy cgng ddng ngUdi Viet Vd dd'i Nguyen Hong Quang - Qud trinh hdo lm< vd hdi nhdp vdn hda vdi so ngUdi tudi ngodi 70, tieng Viet vdn dUdc sd dung sinh hoqt gia dinh hdng ngdy" Nhin chung viec bao tdn va tri van hoa cfla ngfldi Viet tai Thai Lan den da dfldc cpng ddng he't sfle t r a n trpng va bao ve, dae biet la d the he Viet kieu thfl nha't va thfl hai Vao n a m 2007, ehfnh phfl Thai Lan da ddng y cho cdng ddng ngfldi Viet tai tinh Sakdn Nakhon t h a n h lap Hgi ngUdi Viet Nam (Samakhom Vietnam), day la Hpi ngUdi Viet N a m dau tien dUde phep ehinh thflc t h a n h lap tren da't Thai, sau dd la mdt Idat cac tinh khae ed ddng d a n cfl la ngfldi Viet eflng dflde phep t h a n h lap Hdi ngfldi Viet Nam Day eflng la nhflng t a m nguyen, mong mud'n va dieu kien t h u a n ldi de Viet kieu gin gifl nen van hoa Viet trfldng tdn tren da't Thai B i e n doi v a h o i n h a p v a n h o a Ngfldi Viet N a m dfl song d b a t ky ndi nao tren the gidi deu ludn y thflc va gifl gin nhflng nhflng gia tri van hoa truyen thd'ng Tuy nhien, nhflng tac ddng bien cd' ehinh tri- xa hpi tfl ben ngoai de'n cdng ddng, Hp cflng phai tim each thich flng vdi mdi trfldng xa hdi ndi hp sinh sd'ng Mat khae giao lflu van hda tao nen sfl dung hdp, tdng hdp va tich hdp van hda d cac cdng ddng d dd cd sfl ket hdp gifla cac ye'u td' "ndi sinh" vdi yeu to' "ngoai sinh" tao nen sfl p h a t trien van hda phong phfl, da dang va tien bd hdn Trfldng hdp bien ddi va hdi nhap van hda cfla cdng ddng ngfldi Viet tai Thai Lan lai cd nhflng dac trflng rieng cdng ddng Hp vfla bao lflu nhflng gia tri van hoa cfla dan tpc minh (the he Viet 45 kieu thfl nha't t a n efl n a m 1946), vfla p h i i tie'p n h a n nhflng van hoa ban dia nhfl mdt t a t yeu ma hoan eanh xa hdi dem lai (the he Viet kieu the he thfl 2, thfl hien nay) Sfl bien ddi va hdi n h a p van hda ddi cung xuat hien nhflng m a u t h u a n gia dinh ngfldi Viet cae van de flng xfl, nhflng dd chi la nhflng mau t h u a n nha't thdi de cflng p h a t trien vao ddng chay xa hdi hien tai Sfl hda n h a p cfla edng ddng ngfldi Viet vdi van hea va xa hdi Thai xay cang n h a n h chdng nhflng nam g i n day Trflde day, nhflng ngUdi Viet di cU de'n Thai Lan tfl nhflng nam 1945, dieu kien kinh te chung la gap r a t nhieu khd khan Hp da dflm bpe lan n h a u vdi tinh t h a n cdng ddng cao, vi ta't ca mpi ngfldi gan nhfl deu cd hoan canh xuat p h a t diem gid'ng Van de sfl dung ngdn ngfl Thai giao tiep hang cung van edn la trd ngai ldn M a t khae giai ddan (tfl 1950- den 1975) chinh quyen Thai chinh sach phan biet ky thi vdi Viet kieu, Viet kieu ed r a t it ed hdi giao lflu vdi ben ngoai, hp phai sd'ng cdng ddng bd hep Viec sfl dung tieng Viet thfldng xuyen trdng ddi sd'ng hang cfla cpng ddng g i n nhfl la dieu bat budc Hdn nfla, nhflng ngfldi Viet kieu tren da't Thai lflc dau sang da't chi nghi la chi t a m lanh n a n chien t r a n h , chd cd hdi trd ve Lao hoac Viet Nam chfl khdng cd y dinh d lai dinh cfl lau dai tren da't Thai nhfl Da p h i n treng so' hp la nhflng ngfldi yeu nfldc nen cd r a t nhieu cac td chflc t u y e n t r u y e n each mang, cac budi hdi hpp, b a n ve tinh hinh nfldc cho nen hp cdn raang minh day chat van hoa Viet Den the he Viet kieu thfl hai (tren 40 46 tudi) da p h a n hp dflde sinh r a t r e n da't Thai, hoae di cfl tfl Lao sang Thai edn nhd tudi, thi xu hfldng hdi n h a p vdi van hoa Thai da b i t d i u rd dan bdi vi t h e he cung deu dflde hpe tieng Thai (giai doan chinh phfl Thai cam day tieng Viet cdng ddng) Vao thdi ky tfl n a m 1964, ma chfldng t r i n h Viet kieu Thai Lan hdi hfldng ve nflde hi dinh lai Dd nhieu nguyen n h a n khae n h a u met so' da khdng trd ve Viet Nara dfldc va d lai da't Thai chd den hdm Hp xac dinh se d Iai lau dai tren da't Thai va b i t dau tiep tuc hpc tieng Thai de lam sae n h a n h chdng hoa nhap vdi xa hdi Thai, t h u a n ldi cdng viec lam an kinh doanh Cha me hp cflng khdng ngan can hp mud'n trd t h a n h nhflng edng dan dfldc mang qud'c tich Thai Dac biet ma hp dfldc cap qud'c tieh Thai rdi thi yeu td' van hea Viet treng the he naiy cang n h a t d i n Mud'n kinh ddanh t h a n h dat, thi phai gidi tieng Thai, hieu biet sau ve van hea ban dia ndi minh sinh sd'ng Hp da r a t cd' g i n g viee hpe tieng Thai de hoa n h a p vao xa hdi Thai T h a m chi tfl b a n t h a n hp nghi r a n g lam cang trd t h a n h ngfldi Thai mdt each gid'ng n h a t cang tot de t h u a n ldi cho cupc sd'ng Dfldi thdi t h u tfldng Phibun Xdngkham n i m chinh quyen (1948-1957), Viet kieu khdng dam hay thieu tfl tin de bieu hien minh la ngfldi Viet N a m hay gd'c gac Viet Nam Ly dan de'n tinh t r a n g ddn gian la bao ve sfl yen dn cho cupc song gia dinh, cung n h u bao quan tai san ma hp khd k h a n lam mdi ed dUdc Bdi nhflng ddt dan ap va bflc ep da dien h a n g n h a m vao eudc sd'ng cfla hp sud't thdi ky Nghien eifu Dong Nam A 5/2011 ehien t r a n h lanh Ngay ca tie'ng me de hp cflng it sfl dung trudc chd dong ngUdi, dac biet sU ky thi ddi vdi ngUdi Viet t a n cU da b a n sau vae suy nghi cfla mdt so' gidi chflc va rapt bd p h a n khdng thien chi khae xa hdi dfldng thdi Ket qua cfla cac chinh sach ky thi ke tren la nguyen n h a n lam mai rapt di nhflng net van hoa dae sac cfla ngfldi Viet Nara tren dat Thai Lan Trude het la ngdn ngfl tie'ng ndi Viet kieu the he thfl n h a t la ldp dng ba cha rae, va the he the he thfl hai la cae a n h ehi khdng dam day chfl Viet eho em minh mdt each cdng khai, hoae neu cd cd' g i n g eflng khdng thudng xuyen Do vay em hp p h a n vi khdng dUdc hpc, phan vi mac cam t h a n p h a n ma khdng hpc Viee giao tiep b a n g tieng Viet mdt it di, dd lai bi lan lUdt bdi quan niem phai n h a n h chdng hoa ddng vdi xa hdi Thai de yen t h a n Hien tinh t r a n g cd xu the xay ro net hdn vdi Viet kieu the he thfl ba hp dfldc nhap qud'c tich Thai Lan, dieu kien va cd hpi ndi tie'ng Viet, biet ve ngdn ngfl cfla minh cang ft din**'' Dfldi thdi thfl tfldng Chatichai C h u n h a v a n n i m quyen (1988-1991) ehfnh sach ddi vdi ngUdi Viet N a m tan cfl da mem deo hdn nhieu nhfl "Dieu ehinh lai che dp cap can cfldc kieu dan (giay Tang dao) va cho Viet kieu n h a p qud'c tich Thai lan" vi vay ngfldi Viet eung them tfl tin, yen tara d lai sinh sd'ng lau dai tren da't Thai vi vay hp chfl ddng hda n h a p vao xa hdi Thai n h a n h hdn Chfl trfldng hda ddng xa hpi cfla chinh quyen Thai Lan da tflng bflde a n h hfldng den viec bao lflu van hoa cua mpi edng ddng khae xa hdi khdng rieng gi Nguyen Hong Quang - Qud trinh hdo luu vd hgi nhdp vdn hoa 47 cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Thai Lan Dac biet giai ddan Viet kieu bi ky thi, bi ddn nen, bi mac cam t h a n p h a n nen khdng ed ed hdi de the hien nhflng net dac trflng van hoa cfla cdng ddng m i n h mdt each tfl nhien, ldp chau vi the khdng ed cd hdi thfla ke, lau tfl nd phai n h a t dan la mdt ta't ye'u Trflde rait dieu tha'y re nha't d the he Viet kieu t r e n g dp tudi tfl 30-35 khdng cdn sfl dung tie'ng me de giao tie'p thudng nfla Trdng tUdng Iai neu khdng dUdc hpc tie'ng Viet c h i c c h i n cdn chau Viet kieu quen h a n tie'ng me de la dieu de hieu*^' m a n h me t r a n g phuc thee xu hfldng hien dai cfla phfldng Tay, nen t r a n g phuc cfla ngfldi Viet va ngfldi Thai khdng cd sfl khae n h a u nhieu, (nhflng n a m 1960 trd ve trflde thi ngfldi Viet d Thai Lan cdn thfldng sfl dung t r a n g phue khdng gid'ng vdi ngudi Viet d nUde thdi gian dd la quan den, ao nau, ndn la NhUng nhflng trang phuc g i n n h u da m a t di cflng vdi sfl phat trien cfla xa hpi va mdt nguyen n h a n nfla la vi giai doan chinh quyen Thai ky thi nen ngfldi Viet khdng mud'n ngfldi khae nhin ben ngoai ma n h a n minh la ngfldi Viet Xet ve tdng t h e ve van hoa thi cd the n h a n tha'y r a n g van hoa cfla ngfldi Viet cflng nhfl ngfldi Thai b a n dia d Ddng B i c Thai Lan eflng cd nhieu net tfldng ddng nen viee hpi n h a p van hoa cfla ngUdi Viet vad xa hdi Thai eflng khdng phai gap nhieu khd k h a n hay gap trd ngai ldn Ddi vdi the he Viet kieu thfl nha't va thfl hai, mdi lo mai mpt van hoa cflng dfldc neu ro qua kien nghi cfla Kieu bao dfla nhfl: tfl trflde 1945, kieu bao da lap nen hdn 10 ngdi ehfla Nhflng tfl nam 1945 den nay, da hdn 60 nam trdi qua, nhung ehUa cd them mdt di tfch van hoa nao dUdc diing len tren da't Thai, (mdi day n h a t nam 2009, tai Khdn Ken, t r u n g t a m cua vflng Ddng B i c Thai Lan, da xay dflng dfldc mo h i n h ngdi chfla Mpt cdt tfldng tfl b Ha npi) Bdi vay, ba Viet kieu r a t mong mud'n xay dflng dfldc mdt ngdi den thd cac 'vi a n h hflng cfla dan toe, lam ndi qui t u ba cdn nhflng l i tet cd truyen Day la nhflng mong mdi chung nha't ve phia Kaeu bao de xuat vdi phia Uy ban ve ngfldi Viet N a m d nfldc ngoai, de nghi vdi Chinh phfl xem xet tren cd sd phap ly va cd nhflng bien phap hflu hieu hdn nfla n h i m dap flng nhflng mdng mdi chinh dang cfla kieu bao Qua t r i n h toan eau hoa cflng cd nhflng tac dpng ldn lao ve nhieu m a t ddi vdi ta't ca mpi ngfldi sd'ng tren cac Qud'c gia khae n h a u ve kinh te van hoa Ngfldi Viet N a m dang sinh sd'ng b nfldc hay b nfldc ngoai cung khdng n i m ngoai quy l u a t chung dd Xa hpi cang p h a t trien, nha't la ve linh vflc p h a t trien thdng tin truyen thdng, nhflng gi dflde chd la tien ldi nha't trdng cupc sd'ng h a n g thi ngfldi se thich nghi Day cung la nhflng ye'u td chfnh d i n den viec bie'n ddi van hoa trdng cpng ddng ngfldi Viet d Thai Lan Trong van hda am thfle hang ngoai cac mdn an truyen thd'ng cfla minh, ngfldi Viet cflng biet each ket hdp tinh te eae mdn an gifla Viet va Thai de hdp k h a u vi hdn Trong van hda t r a n g phue, ngfldi Thai cung da a n h hfldng Ndi tdm lai, viec bao luu van hoa dUdc cac the he Viet kieu thfl nha't quan t a m t a n g le, am thflc, nhflng net van hda cae le, te't, phong 48 tuc hdn n h a n van dflde cac the' he Viet kieu thfl n h a t cd' g i n g bao luu gin gifl nhflng cflng dang phai n h a t dan bdi sfl thay ddi cfla xa hdi Viet kieu tai Thai Lan ludn t r a n d i y t a m huyet vdi viec tri nen van hoa Viet va ludn cd y tfldng de lam cho nen van hoa Viet N a m mai trfldng tdn Trong mdi lan ve t h a m da't nflde Kieu bao da dfla r a t nhieu y kien ddng gdp va kie'n nghi vdi Chfnh phfl Viet Nam n h i m de gin gifl nen van hoa Viet tren dat Thai Vdi the he Viet kieu thfl n h a t la viec bao tdn va tri van hoa Viet ddi sd'ng hang tai Ddng Bac Thai Lan la the hien rd net The he Viet kieu thfl hai thi da cd sfl giara di the hien vdi ca hai xu hfldng: gifl gin va hdi n h a p The he Viet kieu thfl trd di: la xu hfldng hpi n h a p nhieu hdn Tuy vay van cdn cd nhflng gia dinh ca ba the he van dang sfl dung tie'ng Viet t h a n h thao sinh hoat hang Viec hoa n h a p vdi nen van hoa Thai dang dien cang n h a n h chdng Bdi cang cang it ngfldi biet tieng Viet, hp khae vdi the he cha dng dfldc sinh d Viet Nara nen cdn raang nang t i n h cara que hfldng, nhd den thdi thd au cflc nhpc cfla minh Ddi vdi the he Viet kieu thfl ba hien thi h i u he't hp dflde sinh tren dat Thai, vi vay ho cung coi que hfldng ndi sinh cua hp la Thai Lan Dieu dd c h i c c h i n nd se n h a t d a n di tinh cam ddi vdi que hfldng Viet N a m , mac dfl hp r a t kfnh trpng cha me hp The hien ro n h a t la the he Viet kieu thfl ba hien r a t It ngfldi bie't tieng Viet va a m hieu ve phong tue van hoa Viet N a m mac dfl cha me hp deu 100% la ngfldi Viet Qua dd chflng ta ed Nghien eifu Ddng Nam A 5/2011 the thay nhflng net van hoa t r u y e n thdng cfla ngUdi Viet se bie'n ddi d i n , cd chang ehi cdn b i d luu dUde rapt sd' net van hda phong tuc t a n g raa hay mdt sd radn an truyen thd'ng cfla ngfldi Viet ma thdi Day cflng chinh la ndi t r a n trd ldn n h a t cfla t h e he Viet Kieu thfl nha't, neu the he cen chau hp khdng ehiu hpc tieng Viet thi t r e n g vdng 20 n a m tdi tai Thai Lan se edn r a t it ngfldi ndi dflde tieng Viet, dieu cflng ddng nghia vdi viec van hoa Viet N a m cung cang phai n h a t dan t r e n dat Thai Nhflng ddi vdi h i u het kieu bao hien dang sinh sd'ng tai Thai Lan dfl viec gifl gin van hda Viet Nam hay hpi n h a p van hda Thai thi hp bao gid cflng ed suy nghi: "Viet Nam la ngfldi me sinh t h a n h Thai Lan la ngfldi rae nudi dfldng"*^'./ CHU THICH Dudn dp pha ddp: Dudn: ngifdi Viet; dp pha ddp la di cif hay tan cU NgUdi Thai gd'c Viet, ngifdi Thai gpi ngUdi Hoa tai Thai Lan la "Khdn Thai chfla sai Chin".' Nguyen Qud'c Ldc Ngifdi Viet d Thai LanCampuchia - Lao, 2006, tr.9 Cung thdi ky nay, mpt so'ngifdi da di cif sang tinh Chanthanaburi n i m d (Phia Ddng Nam Thai Lan) bang dudng bien Thanyathip Sripana, Trinh Dieu Thin Viet Kieu Thai Lan mdi quan he Viet Nam - Thai Lan, tr.298 Thanyathip Sripana, Trinh Dieu Thin, sdd, tr.362 http://www.mofa.gov.vn/ http://www.tiepthihinhanhvietnam.org.vn Phdng van Viet kieu Thai Lan ... lai sinh sd'ng d Thai Lan khdng trd ve Viet Nam Nghien eifu Ddng Nam A 5/2011 ngUdi da vUdt sdng Me Cdng sang vflng Ddng Bie Thai Lan NgUdi Viet nhdp cU vdo Dong Bac Thdi Lan sau ndm 1945 Ddt... Phong cdch Viet Nam d Thdi Lan dang tren bao P h u c h a t e a n cfla Thai Lan 12/9/2006 da n h a n m a n h den edng ddng Viet kieu, trai qua the he sinh sd'ng d Thai lan v i n tri nhflng net tdt... tinh Chanthanaburi n i m d (Phia Ddng Nam Thai Lan) bang dudng bien Thanyathip Sripana, Trinh Dieu Thin Viet Kieu Thai Lan mdi quan he Viet Nam - Thai Lan, tr.298 Thanyathip Sripana, Trinh Dieu Thin,
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